COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN LTE MOBILE RADIO SYSTEM AND SYSTEMS IN ADJACENT BANDS. Ana C. Gomes 1 António Rodrigues 1 Miguel Capela 2

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1 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN LTE MOBILE RADIO SYSTEM AND SYSTEMS IN ADJACENT BANDS Ana C. Gomes 1 António Rodrigues 1 Miguel Capela 2 1 Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, Portugal 2 ANACOM Autoridade Nacional de Telecomunicações Av. José Malhoa, Lisbon, Portugal gomes.catarina89@gmail.com, ar@lx.it.pt, miguel.capela@anacom.pt ABSTRACT Given the technological trend that has been observed, including the growing use of the various radio networks it is necessary to ensure an efficient use of the radio spectrum so that all systems can coexist without possible interference. This dissertation focuses on Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the 800 MHz band and the systems that exist in adjacent bands Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and Short Range Devices (SRDs). Since there were already complaints the aim is to find exclusion zones where these do not occur. The interferences that can cause the higher damages are unwanted emissions and receiver blocking. Therefore laboratory tests were conducted by forcing the systems to interfere in order to perceive the inherent limitations and to define exclusion zones. Index Terms LTE, DTT, SRDs, unwanted emissions, receiver blocking 1. INTRODUCTION The radio spectrum is divided in frequency bands starting in 9 khz and reach 3000 GHz. These bands are assigned to different radio services. It is in the UHF spectrum (frequency range from 300 MHz to 3 GHz) that various radio communication systems are accommodated (e.g. LTE, GSM, UMTS, DTT). The European Commission instructed the ECC, which belongs to CEPT, to study the least restrictive technical conditions that allowed the introduction of mobile communications in the 800 MHz band. This way it is possible to create economies of scale in the sector and thus facilitate the introduction of new applications depending on national decisions. Thus, taking into account the technological trend, the behavior of the users and to ensure that the various radio networks use the spectrum efficiently it is necessary to ensure compatibility between different services either in the same frequency band or in adjacent frequency bands. It was analyzed the impact of mobile radio systems (particularly LTE) services in the operation of systems present in the adjacent bands using analog and / or digital technology. This analysis took into account the radio parameters of the systems involved and the organization of services in the radio spectrum. Only interference caused on DTT was analyzed in the laboratory, the interference that may affect the SRDs was only studied and not tested. 2. THE 800 MHZ BAND Considering the recent allocation of the 800 MHz band ( MHz) to mobile radio systems (LTE) the UHF spectrum was reorganized. Portugal adopted the harmonized frequency arrangement (2x30 MHz) with a duplex gap of 11 MHz, based on a block size of 5 MHz, paired and with reverse duplex direction, and a guard band of 1 MHz starting at 790 MHz. The FDD downlink starts at 791 MHz and FDD uplink starts at 832 MHz as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Preferred harmonized frequency arrangement [1] Sub-bands of the MHz band were allocated to the DTT service, below the range assigned to LTE. Moreover, above the frequency 862MHz, in the band MHz Microphone Transmitters are present which belong to the category of the SRDs. 1

2 In 2011 the multi-band auction was conducted in which were awarded the rights to use frequency allocation for LTE. Two blocks of 2x5 MHz were assigned to each operator on the downlink and uplink, as depicted in Figure 2. The Modulation Error Ratio is a measure of the sum of all interference effects which occur from in the signal transmission until it reaches the receiver. The SRDs in close proximity in frequency to the LTE-UL are the Microphone Transmitters in which only the power is imposed (10 mw), other parameters such as channel spacing and user license are not defined [8 Figure 2 Results of the multi-band auction [2] 3. REGULATORY PARAMETERS In order to quantify the possible interferences suffered by the adjacent systems there was a need to understand what kind of interferences exist and from which values they are not accepted. It is equally important to understand how the interfering signal (LTE) works and which parameters are directly involved in affecting the other systems. The first regulatory parameter is called Block Edge Mask. It was developed by CEPT in order to define the least restrictive technical conditions regarding harmonization options in the 800 MHz band and therefore allowing the introduction of new technologies in the band. It is an emission mask consisting of and in-block and out-of-block limits depending on frequency offset. The BEMs were developed for Base Stations and Terminal Stations [3]. Relating to LTE, the interfering signal, it is important to have in mind that in LTE-DL the Base Station is interfering and in LTE-UL the responsible is the Terminal Stations/User Equipment. The radioelectric parameters have different values for BS and UE. A BS has a transmitter and a receiver and the UE also. For the transmitter it is defined the Spectrum Emission Mask, which include out of band emissions (Adjacent Leakage Ratio) and spurious emissions. As for the receiver blocking characteristics and Adjacent Channel Selectivity are defined. The standards considered for BSs are present in [4] and [5], on the other hand for UEs are in [5] and [6]. Concerning DTT there are several performance indicators relevant for this study. The Bit Error Ratio (measured in three different steps of the signal chain), the Constellation Diagram, signal to noise ratio, and finally the Modulation Error Ratio (MER). The Constellation Diagram gives a visualization of the quality of the signal received as it is observed in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 - Constellation Diagram without interference Figure 4 - Constellation Diagram with interference 4. LABORATORY TESTS In order to access if DTT was being interfered by LTE the installation in Figure 5 was used. This was tested for 3 different Set Top Boxes. 2

3 The interfering signal is produced by the SMBV 100A Signal Vector Generator and the DTT signal by the SFC Compact Modulator. Before combining the two signals on the first Splitter Z-164A each signal passes through a MTC Isolator to avoid intermodulation products. Then the two combined signals are separated by the second Splitter Z- 164A in which the DTT signal is analyzed by the ETL Tv Analyzer (gives information of the DTT performance parameters and shows the spectrum of the two signals combined). On the other hand the signal is also guided to the Set Top Box and the image introduced in the SFC Compact Modulator is showed. power was found in which the two system could coexist, finally the LTE power increased to a level in which the image would start failing and then increased a little bit more so that the DTT would lose the signal completely. After this the DTT signal was increased by 5 dbm and the 4 levels were repeated. This process ended when the LTE power limit equipment was reached. Only the most restrictive scenario and the respective results will be discussed Most Restrictive Scenario The interference caused by the LTE-DL is far more restrictive than from de LTE-UL. It was observed that the closest in frequency the systems were the worse and if the LTE cell was allocated with the maximum Resource Blocks the power needed to cause the same damage was lower. So the most restrictive scenario was with the interfering signal at center frequency 763 MHz with the LTE cell full allocated in Downlink, Figure 6. Figure 6 Most restrictive scenario Figure 5 Installation used in laboratory testing Several scenarios were tested considering the 800 MHz and the so called second digital dividend the 700 MHz band. For the LTE-DL 6 scenarios were tested and for LTE-UL 4. The method used was to consider for DTT only the channel 56 ( MHz) and for LTE was used a canalization with 10 MHz bandwidth which was successively deviated 10 MHz from the channel 56. In other words, first the systems were adjacent in frequency and then deviated in frequency 10 MHz at a time. The scenarios were tested twice, first with the LTE cell with the minimum Resource Blocks allocated and then with the maximum. For Downlink the frequencies tested were 763 MHz, 773 MHz, 783 MHz, 796 MHz, 764 MHz and 765 MHz. On the other hand for Uplink 745 MHz, 735 MHz, 725 MHz and 695 MHz. The method used to interfer DTT has 4 levels. First a reference DTT signal was found (one in which the final image had minimum quality levels), then a level of LTE 4.2. Results The power limit of the LTE equipment was in this case 9.5 dbm while for the same frequency but with the LTE cell not fully allocated the limit was 18,5 dbm. This means that with the cell fully allocated so that both systems can coexist the power has to be smaller. Figure 7 shows the evolution of MER without the presence of LTE and with both system coexisting. It s interesting to observe that the value of MER is approximately constant (25 db) so that the systems can coexist until the limit of the LTE equipment is reached. It is also constant, about db, with the increased power of DTT, without the presence of LTE. Figure 7 MER evolution without and with LTE 3

4 The signal to noise ratio measures the quality of reception of a signal in the presence of an interferer. If this ratio is high it means the quality of the signal is good. The Figure 8 shows the relationship between the LTE power and the decay the signal to noise ratio suffers with the presence of LTE in a situation when both DTT and LTE coexist. 5. PROTECTION DISTANCES FOR SRDS Several studies have been undertaken with the purpose of understanding why and how the SRDs were being interfered. The most important study is [9] in which two scenarios were considered, one is the same room scenario in which the SRD is located in close proximity, the second one looks more broadly at levels of interference that may be experienced by any given SRD from LTE devices deployed anywhere in an LTE cell. The second scenario was considered not critical due to the fact that the probability of interference was considered to be 1%. The most critical situation is for SRDs operating close to the 863 MHz border. Three categories of SRDs were considered: Category 1 - Measurement Category 2 - Alarms Category 3 Wireless Audio Figure 8 Relationship between LTE power and the decay of the signal to noise ratio The decay is between 12 and 40 db. When combining all the results it is clear that there has to be at least 20 MHz separating LTE and DTT so that both systems can coexist with little interference. In [9] an analytical study was made complemented with SEAMCAT simulations. The results for protection distances to avoid not wanted emissions vary according with the category of the SRD and with the bandwidth considered for the LTE-UE, ranges between 7 m and 250 m. To avoid receiver blocking it depends of the frequency offset as well as the category of the SRD considered. The results may be consulted in [9]. There is a risk of interference whenever an LTE UE is used on the same premises (distances 10 m) as an SRD but this risk of interference varies due to several factors such as SRD receiver category and LTE UE emission mask: the risk can be high if an LTE UE is used towards its full capability, with high resource block allocations, adjacent frequencies. 6. CONCLUSION Figure 9 Evolution of the spectrum Figure 9 shows the reaction of the spectrum when interfering the DTT signal applying the 4 levels explained before. It is notorious the intrusion of LTE in the spectrum of DTT, especially in the last image. This study was aimed to find elision zones in frequency and in distance between the systems involved. Two great sources of interference were considered, out of band emissions and receiver blocking. They differ in that blocking can be mitigated by improving the victim s characteristics, while mitigating unwanted inband interference requires a reduction of the OOB emissions of the interferer. The laboratory measures indicate that for the most restrictive scenario DTT and LTE have to be apart at least 20 MHz. The fact of not existing regulatory measures for Set Top Boxes is an indicator that the separation in frequency between DTT and LTE differs for different Set Top Boxes. The studied measurements indicate that a potential for interference exists whenever LTE UE is used in the proximity of up to several metres from an SRD receiver. Where the interference occurs, it manifests itself as a reduction in SRD operational range, or a degradation/ loss of function, without the knowledge of the user. In the case of 4

5 audio applications an increase of noise or spikes would also impact the comfort of users. 7. REFERENCES [1] Electronic Communications Committee, ECC Decision of October 2009 on harmonized conditions for mobile/fixed communications networks (MFCN) operating in the band MHz, ECC/DEC/(09)03 [2] ICP-ANACOM, Relatório Final do Leilão, Available at: Last visited: 23 May 2011 [3] CEPT Report 30, The identification of common and minimal (least restrictive) technical conditions for MHz for the digital dividend in the European Union, October 2009 [4] ETSI, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access (E- UTRA), Base Stations (BS), EN , 2013 [5] 3GPP TS , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception, 2013 [6] ETSI, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access (E- UTRA), User Equipment (UE), EN , 2013 [7] 3GPP TS , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception, 2013 [8] CEPT, ECC, ERC Recommendation Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD), ECC REC 70-03, October 2012 [9] ECC Report WI 42, Adjacent band co-existence of SRDs in the band MHz in light of the LTE usage below 862 MHz, 10 September

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