From the Agent. In This Issue. Springs are common in karst areas (e.g., limestone, and are places where groundwater discharges
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1 Volume 1, Issue 1 August 2014 From the Agent I am Yilin Zhuang, the Extension Agent of Community Resource Efficiency in Marion County. My job is provide you with non-biased and science-based information on water and energy. You will get WET (Water and Energy Topics) at the beginning of every month. You can also find more updated information on water and energy from my blog. This month s WET is focused on water. Water resources are among Florida s most important natural assets. Freshwater supplies are essential to our daily lives, natural systems, recreation, and agriculture. Freshwater in Florida, however, is finite, but the water demands keep increasing. In this issue, I interviewed Dan Dooley, the Environmental Administrator of the Health Department in Marion County, and Flip Mellinger, the Director of the Marion County Utilities, about water issues in Marion County. I hope you find the information helpful. Thanks for reading the first issue of WET. Be ready to get WET. Springs are common in karst areas (e.g., limestone, dolomite, gypsum) and are places where groundwater discharges through natural openings in the ground. Florida has about 320 known springs. Silver Springs is the largest noncoastal spring in Florida. Yilin Zhuang In This Issue Do You Know Your Self-Supplied Water and Wastewater? 2-3 Do You Know Your Public-Supplied Water and Wastewater? 4-5 Figure 1. Silver Springs
2 Do You Know Your Self-Supplied Water and Wastewater? Daniel Dooley, the Environmental Administrator of the Health Department in Marion County, talked about the issues associated with private wells and septic systems. Yilin: What environmental services does the Department of Health in Marion County provide? Dan: Two main services that Environmental Health provides are permitting for well construction and septic systems. We also promote environmental protection in the areas of potable water, sewage, public swimming pools, mobile home parks, biomedical waste, tanning facilities, schools and rabies investigations. We also investigate sanitary nuisance complaints that pose a danger to the public. Yilin: Can you give a brief introduction of well permitting and operation? Dan: We have been delegated to issue drinking water well construction permits by the water management districts. Permits are applied for by the driller and not the property owner. Public wells are required to perform routine water testing to ensure potable water quality standards are met. Water testing for private wells, however, is not required by law. The private well owner is responsible for ensuring that their own well water is safe to drink. Animal wastes, sinkholes, poorly maintained septic systems, or an improperly constructed well may cause the contamination of your drinking water. Bacteria is a common contaminant that causes diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. If you have a private well, we strongly recommend you test your water for bacteria at least once a year. Your drinking well may also be susceptible to other contaminants, such as nitrate or heavy metals depend- Water generally gets to our homes in one of two ways. Either it is delivered by a city/county water department, or people supply their own water, normally from a well. Water delivered to homes is called "publicsupplied deliveries" and water that people supply themselves is called "self supplied", and is almost always from groundwater. Vertical Turbine Well Maintained Poorly Maintained Figure 2. Well and Poorly Maintained Submersible Well Casting 2
3 ing on past and present land use activities. Private water laboratories in our areas can test your water for bacteria. Yilin: What do you think is a major issue of septic systems and what will you recommend? Dan: Septic systems are often lacking in regular maintenance, which results in systems prematurely failing. A malfunctioning septic system releases untreated wastewater into the environment and can contaminate surface water, groundwater and nearby drinking water sources. We suggest regular inspection and pumping of your septic system every 5 years. A failing septic system is expensive to repair or replace. Pumping out your septic tank only costs around $300, but a repair or a replacement is more than $3000. Other ways to make your system function longer are to use water as efficiently as possible and take care of leaks quickly, such as a running toilet. A properly designed and maintained septic system should provide effective treatment of household wastewater for at least 20 years. Yilin: What else would you like the residents in Marion County to know? Dan: I also want to mention the radon program. Although, not related to water, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. Radon is a naturally occurring, odorless, colorless, tasteless, radioactive gas produced from the radioactive decay of radium. It is found in most soils and earthen construction materials. Due to the geology of this area, Radon is a more serious issue for Marion County than many other parts of Florida. The Health Department recommends you test your home for this hazard. Radon test kits are available at most hardware stores and remediation for existing homes is possible. For additional information, please contact the Department of Health in Marion County. A septic tank system uses natural processes to treat and dispose of the wastewater generated in your home. It typically consists of a septic tank and a drainfield, or soil adsorption field. The septic tank provides the first step in treatment. As wastewater flows into the tank, the heavier solids settle to the bottom to form a sludge layer, and the lighter solids, greases, and oils float to the top to form a scum layer. The effluent from the tank flows into gravel -filled trenches in a typical drainfield where it is treated by the natural soil system. Figure 3. Basic Septic System Components 3
4 Do You Know Your Public- Supplied Water and Wastewater? Flip Mellinger, the Director of the Marion County Utilities, talked about the issues associated with our public water supplies. Yilin: Can you introduce the services that the Marion County Utilities provides? Flip: We provide water and wastewater services. We have 33 water plants with a total daily capacity of 39 million gallons, and they provide service to nearly 30,000 people in Marion County. We also have 5 water reclamation facilities with a total daily treatment capacity of 4.6 million gallons. They provide service to about 19,000 customers. Yilin: What do you think is the most important water issue in Marion County? Flip: I think the most important water issue is related to landscape irrigation. About 50-70% of our water is used for lawn irrigation. We rely exclusively on the Floridan aquifer to provide us with clean drinking water, but we will need alternative water supply sources to meet the increasing water demand. Improving the outdoor water use efficiency can save a lot water for other uses. Yilin: What would you suggest for outdoor water conservation? Flip: We typically have enough rain to maintain healthy landscapes, so only use your irrigation system when it is About 93% of Florida s population depends on groundwater for drinking water. Three aquifer systems are used for water supply in Florida: the surficial aquifer systems, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Floridan aquifer system. Nearly all of Florida s groundwater originates from precipitation, but the recharge rate is associated with the thickness of confining beds. Vertical Turbine Well Figure 3. Oakrun Subregional Wastewater Treatment Plant 4
5 needed. Also, native Florida plants should be considered for landscaping. They are adapted to Florida s climate and tolerate droughts and heavy rain better than non-native species. Yilin: Are there any rebate or incentive programs for landscape irrigation? Flip: Marion County Utilities offers irrigation audits to help improve the irrigation efficiency for those who use more than 20,000 gallons of water on a monthly average. A certified irrigation auditor will visit your home to evaluate your irrigation system, install a free rain sensor, and provide a detailed report with suggestions that could improve your irrigation efficiency and information on Florida-friendly landscape principles Yilin: How about the water quality? What is the water quality of our tap water? Contact Yilin Zhuang 2232 NE Jacksonville Rd Ocala, FL Phone: yilinz@ufl.edu Blog: blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/ marionco/ To receive future electronic copies of WET, please sign up here, or contact Yilin Zhuang. Flip: We are very blessed with good quality water. Our water is withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer and chlorinated for disinfection purpose. You can find the annual drinking water quality report on our website. This report indicates and interprets the water quality test results and explain the likely sources of contamination. Vertical Turbine Well 5
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