Pool Ozone Generator Size Chart
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1 Pool Ozone Generator Size Chart Swimming pools chemical make up, bather load, dirt mildew mold wind contaminates, location, pump run time, temperatures, size, determine ozone generator model. Heated swimming pools require percent more ozone. Calculate Total Gallons Or Liters Based On Pool Size: Length x Width x Depth x = Total Gallons Meters (L) x Meters (W) x Meters (D) = cubic meters x 1000 = Total Liters Cubic Meters to Liters: Cubic Meters x 1000 = Total Liters Commercial Swimming Pool 10 Percent Chlorine Dosage Commercial Swimming Pool 10 Percent Chlorine Dosage mg 1,056-2,112 4,000-8, mg 2,641-3,961 10,000-15,000 1gr 5,282-7,923 20,000-30,000 2gr 10,564-15,846 40,000-60,000 4gr 18,487-25,089 70,000-95,000 6gr 26,410-33, , ,000 8gr 34,333-42, , ,000 10G 43,576-63, , ,000 15G 64,705-83, , ,000 20G 82, , , ,000 30G 132, , , ,000 40G 171, , , ,000 50G 211, , , ,000 60G 264, ,510 1,000,000-1,100,000 70G 303, ,125 1,150,000-1,250,000 80G 343, ,740 1,300,000-1,400,000 90G 396, ,560 1,500,000-1,600, G Notes: Maximum gallons or Liters based on 24 hour pump run time. Use Sodium Bromide if additional chemicals are required. Dosage is 1kg (32 ounces) per 60,000 liters each 6 month period. Domestic Home Swimming Pool 12 Hour Pump Run Time , mg 924-2,112 3,500-8, mg 2,244-3,961 8,500-15,000 1gr 4,225-7,923 16,000-30,000 2gr 9,243-15,846 35,000-60,000 4gr 18,487-25,089 70,000-95,000 6gr 26,410-33, , ,000 8gr 34,333-42, , ,000 10G 43,576-63, , ,000 15G 64,705-83, , ,000 20G 82, , , ,000 30G 132, , , ,000 40G 169, , , ,000 50G 212, , , ,000 60G 264, ,510 1,000,000-1,100,000 70G 303, ,125 1,150,000-1,250,000 80G 343, ,342 1,300,000-1,425,000 90G 382, ,560 1,450,000-1,600, G
2 Notes: Ideal pump run time is 12 hours, water circulating rate should be once each 3 to 4 hour period. The pump should re-circulate the total volume of pool water through the injector at least once each 4 hr period for maximum gallons. If the pool volume is say 10,000 gallons then the pump should be capable of re-circulating the water at a rate of at least 2500 gallon per hour. This way, the total volume of water through the pool will be pass through the injector at least once each 4 hour period. Less pump run time for the minimum gallons. Use Sodium Bromide if additional chemicals are required. Dosage is 1kg (32 ounces) per 60,000 liters each 6 month period. Domestic Home Swimming Pool 24 Hour Pump Run Time 264-1, , mg 1,716-4,225 6,500-16, mg 4,489-7,923 17,000-30,000 1gr 9,243-16,374 35,000-62,000 2gr 17,166-33,012 65, ,000 4gr 34,333-50, , ,000 6gr 52,820-66, , ,000 8gr 72,627-84, , ,000 10G 89, , , ,000 15G 132, , , ,000 20G 171, , , ,000 30G 257, , ,000-1,275,000 40G 343, ,150 1,300,000-1,500,000 50G 422, ,790 1,600,000-1,900,000 60G 528, ,020 2,000,000-2,200,000 70G 594, ,455 2,250,000-2,550,000 80G 686, ,685 2,600,000-2,850,000 90G 765, ,915 2,900,000-3,150, G Less pump run time would be required for the minimum gallons. Use Sodium Bromide if additional chemicals are required. Dosage is 1kg (32 ounces) per 60,000 liters each 6 month period. No Chlorine 12 Hour Pump Run Time , mg 660-1,584 2,500-6, mg 1,848-2,905 7,000-11,000 1gr 3,433-6,074 13,000-23,000 2gr 6,602-12,412 25,000-47,000 4gr 13,205-18,487 50,000-70,000 6gr 19,015-25,089 72,000-95,000 8gr 25,353-31,692 96, ,000 10G 34,333-46, , ,000 15G 47,538-59, , ,000 20G 63,384-92, , ,000 30G 95, , , ,000 40G 126, , , ,000 50G 158, , , ,000 60G 192, , , ,000 70G 224, , , ,000 80G 256, , ,000-1,050,000 90G 290, ,920 1,100,000-1,200, G
3 Important Additional Notes 1. Pump re-circulation rate of 1 x times the pool volume each 2 hours (maximum 3 hour) period is required hour minimum run time is needed up to 80,000 liters thereafter 18 hours/day with increased run time for increased bather load. 3. For ozone only pools, keep ph above 8.2 and add flocculent monthly. Refer to your distributor for the recommended ozone compatible flocculent. 4. Larger pools may need proper ozone off gas venting and destruct system. No Chlorine 24 Hour Pump Run Time 264-1, , mg 1,320-3,169 5,000-12, mg 3,433-6,338 13,000-24,000 1gr 6,602-11,884 25,000-45,000 2gr 13,205-25,089 50,000-95,000 4gr 26,410-36, , ,000 6gr 38,294-50, , ,000 8gr 51,499-62, , ,000 10G 63,384-92, , ,000 15G 95, , , ,000 20G 126, , , ,000 30G 190, , , ,000 40G 256, , ,000-1,200,000 50G 330, ,740 1,250,000-1,400,000 60G 382, ,765 1,450,000-1,650,000 70G 448, ,790 1,700,000-1,900,000 80G 528, ,610 2,000,000-2,100,000 90G 581, ,840 2,200,000-2,400, G
4 Exam. Installation ozone-ready swimming pool SURGE TANK LINE MAINDRAIN LINE VACUUM LINE POOL LINE SOLENOID VALVE LINE WATER SUPPLY LINE Swimming Pool Pump Ozone Generator P#1 Stainless Steel booster pump Check Valve Ozone gas Ozone Gas Injector Check Valve F#1 Swimming Pool filter tank DRAIN LINE
5 Venturi Injectors (Injectors) work by forcing water through a conical body which initiates a pressure differential between the inlet and outlet ports. This creates a vacuum inside the injector body, which initiates ozone suction through the suction port. Characteristics: - very high ozone mass transfer rate (up to 90%) - requires water pump to initiate suction - efficiency rarely decreases over time - no moving parts Air being sucked into a venturi/injector - notice the thousands of small bubbles present after the suction port. Injectors produce thousands of bubbles greatly increasing the surface area of oxygen, or ozone, in contact with the water. (Two small bubbles have greater surface are than one large bubble of the same volume.) This results in a very high mass transfer rate. The Injectors are commonly installed on a bypass using a flow control valve to create a pressure differential. Unions allow for removal of the Injector when necessary.
6 What is ORP? ORP is a term used frequently in the water treatment & food processing industry. ORP stands for Oxidation-Reduction Potential. So what is that? The best definition I can give is that ORP is a measure of the cleanliness of the water & its ability to break down contaminants. It has a range of 2,000 to + 2,000 and units are in mv (millivolts). Since ozone is an oxidizer, we are only concerned with positive ORP levels (above 0 mv). ORP Level (mv) Application No practical use Aquaculture Cooling Towers Swimming pools Hot Tubs 600 Water Disinfection * 800 Water Sterilization ** ORP sensors work by measuring the dissolved oxygen. More contaminants in the water result in less dissolved oxygen because the organics are consuming the oxygen and therefore, the lower the ORP level. The higher the ORP level, the more ability the water has to destroy foreign contaminants such as microbes, or carbon based contaminants. The chart on the left identifies ORP levels for various applications. ORP level can also be viewed as the level of bacterial activity of the water because a direct link occurs between ORP level and Coliform count in water. The chart to the right lists ORP levels and relative Coliform counts. ORP Level Coliform count in 100 ml of water How does an ORP meter work? An ORP meter measures very small voltages generated with a probe placed in ozonated water. The electrode is made of platinum or gold, which reversibly looses its electrons to the oxidizer. A voltage is generated which is compared to a silver (reference) electrode in a silver salt solution, similar to a ph probe. The more oxidizer available, the greater the voltage difference between the solutions. Disadvantages ORP cannot be used as a direct indicator of dissolved ozone residual, except in very clean water applications. Advantages ORP is a convenient measure of ozone s ability to perform a chemical task. ORP is valid over a wide ph range, and ORP probes are rugged enough to be place into processes for in-line measurement. The probes can withstand process pressures in excess of 30 PSI. ORP and Ozone In a clean water system, using ORP to measure the dissolved ozone status works well. In our experience, however, even the strong oxidizing power of ozone in moderate turbidity (cloudiness) systems can result in ORP values far below expected and even negative (reducing) values. In general, monitoring ozone with ORP at the generator source works well but measuring dirty water becomes unreliable. * Disinfection is destruction of specific pathogenic microorganisms ** Sterilization is the destruction of all microbial life
7 Ozone Conversions: Ozone Generator for Swimming Pool Physical Properties, Standard conditions P = MB, T = K - Density of ozone, 2.14 kg/m3 - Density of oxygen, 1.43 kg/m3 - Density of air, 1.29 kg/m3 - Density of water, 1000 kg/m3 USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS (for water) liters = 1 m3 = 264 US gallons - 1 gal = liters = 3785 ml OZONE CONCENTRATION IN WATER - 1 mg/l = 1 PPM O3 = 1 g O3/m3 water {By weight} OZONE CONCENTRATION IN AIR BY VOLUME - 1 g O3 / m3 = 467 PPM O3-1 PPM O3 = 2.14 mg O3/m3 OZONE CONCENTRATION IN AIR BY WEIGHT g O3 / m3 = 7.8% O3-1% O3 = 12.8 g O3/m3 OZONE CONCENTRATION IN OXYGEN BY WEIGHT g O3/m3 = 6.99% O3-1% O3 = 14.3 g O3/m3 Convert gaseous O3 concentration from g/m3 to ppm by volume --- [PPM O3 = C? 467] (Example: 2.14 g/m3 at standard conditions = 1,000 ppm) Also: If we know concentration in g/m3 and flowrate in LPM, we can calculate output in g/hr (Example: 28.7 g/m3 at 2.9 lpm flowrate) 28.7 g/m3 x 2.9 lpm x (1 m3/1,000 l) = g/minute g/minute x 60 minutes = 4.9 g/hr
8 Ozone and Color Removal Many wastewater and textile processors are gradually substituting chlorine with ozone. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing mean and safer in use in comparison with other oxidizing means. Wastewater & Dye color removal Water is shown colored when visible radiation is absorbed from dissolved materials, or when light is reflected on suspended solids. These two sources of color are the base for the distinction between the pseudo and true color. The pseudo color is due to absorption as well as light reflection. The true color depends exclusively from the kind and quantity of the dissolved substances. Particles with a size of nm, that means within the wavelength of visible light, are responsible for light reflection. It is possible with filtering (membrane 0.45?m) the phenomenon of reflection to be eliminated. It must also be noted that the difference between the pseudo and true color is related to water s turbidity. The units Pt Co (USA), or mg Pt-Co / l (Europe) are defined as color measurement units. These units are considered equivalent. The acceptable limits of color values for the disposal of treated wastewater ranges from units Pt-Co, depending on the nature of the receiver (river, sea, lake etc). True color is created by the presence of compounds that absorb visible light in wavelengths of nm, or from compounds that fluoresce in the nm spectrum. These are compounds of poly-aromatic structure, substituted aromatic structure, polyenia, concentrated heterocircular molecules or perplex ions. It should be noted that? bonds absorb into the UV (?200nm ) spectrum and the existence of conjugate bonds (polyenia) is necessary for the absorption in visible light spectrum. Most compounds responsible for color creation contain one or more aromatic rings and start absorbing color at 250 nm. The synthetic color carriers come mainly from industrial plants as dye-houses, clothing industries with washing-machines, food and beverage industries, slaughterhouses etc. Wastewater is processed with ozone after its exit from the chemical or/and biological treatment plant and the usual dosage varies from mg/l, according to the wastewater origin, its temperature, and the degree of its previous process. Ozone-wastewater contact system: The contact system consists of a three-chamber tank, height of meters with inside splits that guide the wastewater to a vertical labyrinthine flow. Ozone is supplied to the tanks through diffusers made of a special porous material of high resistance. These diffusers have the ability to create multi-numbered and very thin ozone bubbles, with a diameter of 220?m. With their appropriate geometric installation in the bottom of the contact tank, better distribution but also increase in the liquid-gas contact surface to its maximum, is achieved. The diffuser is used due to the high rate of transport (70%) and its trivial energy consumption. In a tank of three-chambers, diffusers are installed in depth of 5 meters and succeed a transport rate more than 75%. The wastewater must have a hydraulic retention time greater than 45 minutes. Color Removal Quality: The quality of the ozone treatment effluent in terms of color removal, depends on: - the color values of the feed - the ozone dosage - the wastewater type (Typically color values do not decrease below 200 Pt-Co units even if an especially high ozone dosage is applied) - the wastewater temperature (better results with effluent from the existing treatment whose temperature is much lower than the temperature of wastewater from the equalization tank) - the values of the other wastewater characteristics that ozone also affects (better results if BOD, COD and SS have already been decreased in a previous treatment level)
9 The best results concerning color removal are achieved if the wastewater has been previously treated in order to lower the values of the other characteristics so that the ozone oxidizing effect is consumed only or at least at a maximum proportion in color removal. Additionally the temperature must be below 30-deg C in order to achieve the best physical conditions for its solubility. The above remark certainly concerns the practical usage of ozone technology in wastewater treatment, as it indicates that the increase of the ozone dosage could give good results even in unprocessed wastewater as long as it has been efficiently cooled. Wastewater color removal requires an ozone dosage which in most cases fluctuates from 50 to 100 mg/l, for color reduction of 85-92%. This dosage succeeds simultaneously a COD reduction about 40%, while small increases of BOD in the area of 3-7% have been noticed. The ozone treatment installation represent a significant construction and purchase cost. On the other hand a conventional treatment scheme using chemical coagulants for color removal, has high operational costs (cost of the coagulants themselves and cost for the produced sludge management requirements). In general and for the same effluent quality, the investment of an ozone installation can be paid off in 3-5 years, depending on the size and other specific details of each case. Written by: Konstantinos J. Delimpasis - Chemical Engineer
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