Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs): INDIA. Salient features K.K.CHAKARVARTI EXPERT CONULTANT

Transcription

1 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs): INDIA Salient features K.K.CHAKARVARTI EXPERT CONULTANT

2 INTRODUCTION Two proclamations have been made in INDC: to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP [gross domestic product] by 33% to 35% by 2030 from 2005 levels, and to generate about 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 (equivalent to 26 30% of generation in 2030). India will create by 2030 an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of Co2-equivalent. INDC touches upon existing and planned policies in the areas of urbanization/smart cities, transport, agriculture, water, public health and coastal regions. 2

3 INTRODUCTION It sets a target of 63 Gigawatts (GW) by 2032 through non-fossil fuels, a huge expansion from the current and under-construction installed capacity of 10 GW. Of India s 46 GW of currently installed hydro electric capacity, an overwhelming 42 GW comprises large hydro. INDC clearly implies a further expansion of large hydroelectric projects Coal will dominate power generation in future. India needs $2.5 trillion to meet its stated climate change obligations between now and

4 INTRODUCTION India s per capita emissions are only 1.56 metric tonnes. The average annual energy consumption in India in 2011 was only 0.6 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita as compared to global average of 1.88 toe per capita The per capita electricity consumption stands low at 1010 kwh ( ), which is barely one third of the world s average consumption. Emission intensity of India s GDP has decreased by 12% between 2005 and

5 MITIGATION STRATEGIES 5

6 CLEAN AND EFFICIENT ENERGY SYSTEM On the generation side, the Government is promoting greater use of renewable in the energy mix mainly through solar and wind power and shifting towards supercritical technologies for coal based power plants. On the demand side, efforts are being made to efficiently use energy through various innovative policy measures under the overall ambit of Energy Conservation Act. 6

7 Promotion of Clean Energy Between 2002 and 2015, the share of renewable grid capacity has increased over 6 times, from 2% (3.9 GW) to around 13% (36 GW). This momentum of a tenfold increase in the previous decade is to be significantly scaled up with the aim to achieve 175 GW renewable energy capacities in the next few years. 1) Wind energy GW to 60 GW of wind power installed capacity by ) Solar power- 3.7 MW in 2005 to about 4060 MW in 2015 and further to 100 GW by ) Biomass energy- 18% of total primary energy use. Increase biomass installed capacity to 10 GW by 2022 from current capacity of 4.4 GW. 7

8 Promotion of Clean Energy 4) Hydropower GW 5) Nuclear Power- 2.2% (5780 MW) Six reactors with an installed capacity of 4300 MW are at different stages of commissioning and construction. Efforts are being made to achieve 63 GW installed capacity by the year ) Clean Coal policies. 60.8% (167.2 GW) of India s installed capacity, 144 old thermal stations have been assigned mandatory targets for improving energy efficiency, Introduction of ultra-supercritical technology 7) National Smart Grid Mission: bring efficiency in power supply network and facilitate reduction in losses and outages. Green Energy Corridor projects worth INR (Indian National Rupee) 380 billion (USD 6 billion) are also being rolled out to ensure evacuation of renewable energy. 8

9 Enhancing Energy Efficiency NMEEE will unlock the market for energy efficiency and help achieve total avoided capacity addition of 19,598 MW and fuel savings of around 23 million toe per year Avoided generation capacity addition of about 10,000 MW between 2005 and Replace all incandescent lamps with Light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs in the next few years leading to energy savings of upto 100 billion kilowatt hours (kwh) annually, Standards and Labeling Programme-21 equipment and appliances are labeled. Corporate Average Fuel Consumption standards notified, with one coming into force in 2017 and the second set in

10 ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIES Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme, ZED, a policy initiative to rate Medium & Small Industries on quality control and certification for energy efficiency, enhanced resources efficiency, pollution control, use of renewable energy, waste management etc. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Program, Government of India in 2014 finalized country's first passenger vehicle fuel-efficiency standards. The standards will keep 50 million tons of CO2 out of the atmosphere Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) Cluster Programs for Energy Efficiency covers more than 150 clusters all over the country and has resulted in substantial energy saving, quality improvement and improved competitiveness. 10

11 Concluding Remarks India s INDC is as good as China s, considering that China has higher emissions than India and is economically more capable of reducing its emissions and mitigating climate change. India offers to save carbon emissions to the tune of 3.4 million tonnes India in its INDC seems to recognize for the first time the role private finance must play in reaching its clean energy goals. India has placed a price tag of $2.5 trillion on its needs for clean energy capital between 2015 and 2030 Majority of the industrial units covered under India s Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme are from private sector. This sector contribution in meeting energy savings targets far exceeds the contribution made by the public sector. Therefore role of private sector in meeting energy efficiency targets, and hence GHG mitigation, in India s INDC is quite significant and 11 laudable.

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