A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC. Introducing Hardware

Transcription

1 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware

2 You Will Learn That a computer requires both hardware and software to work About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer 2

3 Hardware Needs Software to Work Hardware Physical components of a computer Visible part of a system Software Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task The intelligence 3

4 Functions of a Computer 4

5 Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software 5

6 Binary Number System 6

7 PC Hardware Components Outside computer case: input/output devices Inside the case: processing and storage CPU most important component Requirements of a hardware device Method for CPU to communicate with it Software to instruct and control it Electricity to power it 7

8 Hardware Used for Input and Output Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices: Keyboard Mouse Popular output devices: Monitor Printer 8

9 Ports 9

10 Input Devices 10

11 Output Devices 11

12 Hardware Inside the Case 12

13 Motherboard Components Processing CPU (most important) Chip set Temporary storage RAM Cache memory Electrical system Power supply connections Communication with other devices Traces Expansion slots System clock Programming/setup data Flash ROM CMOS setup chip 13

14 The Motherboard 14

15 The Motherboard (continued) 15

16 The CPU 16

17 The Chip Set Controls most activities on the motherboard Includes several device controllers USB controller Memory controller IDE controller 17

18 The Chip Set (continued) 18

19 Storage Devices Temporary (primary storage, or memory) Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them Faster to access than permanent storage Permanent (secondary storage) Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing 19

20 Primary and Secondary Storage 20

21 Primary Storage Devices Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory Types of boards that hold memory chips SIMMs DIMMs RIMMs 21

22 RAM Chips 22

23 Types of RAM Modules 23

24 Secondary Storage Devices Hard drives CD-ROM drives DVD drives Zip drives Floppy drives 24

25 Hard Drive 25

26 EIDE Technology Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system 26

27 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard 27

28 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued) 28

29 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard 29

30 Hard Drive s Power Supply 30

31 Floppy Drive Connection 31

32 Floppy Drive Connection (continued) 32

33 CD-ROM Drive Connection 33

34 Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices The data bus System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission 34

35 The Bus and Bus Lines 35

36 Data Bus 36

37 System Clock 37

38 Clock Speed Of motherboard Measured in megahertz (MHz) Of CPU Measured in gigahertz (GHz) 38

39 Expansion Slots 39

40 Types of Expansion Slots 40

41 Interface (Expansion) Cards 41

42 Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued) 42

43 The Electrical System Power supply Most important component of computer s electrical system Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case 43

44 The Electrical System (continued) 44

45 The Electrical System (continued) 45

46 Instructions Stored on the Motherboard ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM) System BIOS Startup BIOS CMOS setup Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies 46

47 ROM BIOS Chip 47

48 Motherboard Configuration Settings CMOS chip Stores setup (configuration) information Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches 48

49 CMOS Configuration Chip 49

50 Setting Jumpers 50

51 Using DIP Switches 51

52 Summary Introduction to hardware components of a computer system Initial insight into how hardware works 52