Domestic Hot Water MECHANICAL SYSTEMS - MULTIFAMILY DOMESTIC HOT WATER
|
|
- Scott Black
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS - MULTIFAMILY Domestic Hot Water 1 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
2 Learning Objectives By attending this session, participants will: Be exposed to the various models of domestic hot water (DHW) heaters. Learn the importance of water temperature for safety and energy savings. Understand the pros and cons of recirculating and nonrecirculating systems. Be introduced to various types of mixing valves. Learn to measure apartment water usage, including leaks, and how to reduce usage to save energy. 2 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
3 Domestic Hot Water A Big Piece of the Energy Pie Energy Usage 3 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
4 Domestic Hot Water Heater Types Stand-alone water heaters Indirect water heaters Boiler and storage water heaters Heat exchangers Tankless coil water heaters Instantaneous water heaters 4 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
5 Stand-alone DHW Heater Separate combustion appliance from the heating system; has its own burner. Technologies are as varied as they are for boilers: Atmospheric combustion Sealed combustion Natural draft Forced draft Condensing Can also be electric Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 5 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
6 Stand-alone DHW Heater Natural Draft #1 Most common type. Draft diverter is open to the room. Poor draft regulation over the fire. Draft diverter A burner zone in an atmospheric DHW heater Photos source: Steven Winter Associates Typical natural-gas-fired atmospheric water heater 6 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
7 Stand-alone DHW Heater Natural Draft #2 Advantages Cheap. Cheap. Cheap. Disadvantages Very inefficient. High standby losses when off due to open combustion chamber. Poor draft control. Many models have open pilot light. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 7 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
8 Stand-alone DHW Forced Draft #1 Have a power burner on bottom or fan-assist on top. Better control of combustion conditions. Higher efficiency than atmospheric combustion, natural draft models. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 8 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
9 Stand-alone DHW Forced Draft #2 Advantages More efficient than natural draft models. Better-controlled draft. Lower standby losses. Better insulated. Disadvantages Higher initial cost. Not capable of condensing. Often can t be retrofit into existing chimneys used for natural draft boilers. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 9 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
10 Stand-alone DHW Condensing #1 Very high efficiency. Takes advantage of low temperature of entering water to create condensing conditions in burner. Has highly tuned burner. Highly insulated tank. Can t be vented in the same chimney as natural draft equipment. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 10 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
11 Stand-alone DHW Condensing #2 Advantages Most efficient. Precision combustion. Lowest standby losses. Less expensive venting. Disadvantages Highest initial cost. More complex venting. Can t share venting with natural draft appliances. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 11 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
12 Indirect Water Heaters #1 Also called integrated tank or indirect-fired tank. Combustion takes place elsewhere. Heat exchanger coil within uses boiler water to warm tank s contents. Boiler and tank water never mix. Water supplied to coil needs to be ~20 F hotter than tank. Heat exchanger They re only as efficient as the boilers that supply them. Indirect water heater Photo source: Heat Transfer Products 12 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
13 Indirect Water Heaters #2 Advantages vs. stand-alone water heaters With a good boiler, more efficient than stand-alone tanks (except condensing models). Only one combustion appliance (boiler) lower maintenance. Last longer than stand-alone units, stainless steel more durable than glass-lined tank. Disadvantages More expensive initially. Boiler must be kept at a higher temperature (such as 150 F) to create DHW at 130 F. May not promote condensing in condensing boilers. Indirect water heaters Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 13 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
14 Boiler and Storage Tank #1 Similar to indirect-fired tanks, except no heat exchanger. Common for large buildings. Better option than most stand-alone tanks. How do you tell the difference between this and an indirect-fired tank? 3 pipes instead of 4 Boiler and storage tank Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 14 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
15 Boiler and Storage Tank #2 Advantages Boiler water can be kept at lower temperature (~130 F), which is adequate for storage tank. Low maintenance, especially stainless steel tanks. Single combustion appliance. Can be efficient with an efficient boiler if piped correctly. Disadvantages More expensive initially in heating climates must have a separate dedicated DHW boiler. Boiler and storage tank Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 15 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
16 Boiler and Heat Exchanger #1 One of the most efficient water heating methods available for large buildings with condensing boilers. Water from boiler and fresh water pass through alternating grooved plates two streams of water never cross. Very quickly warms the water to close to boiler water temperature (within 1 3 F). Two views of the metal plates A plate and frame heat exchanger Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 16 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
17 Boiler and Heat Exchanger #2 Temperature difference between inlet and outlet is small, ~1 F 3 F. Boilers can run at a low temperature (132 F supply) to make DHW (130 F) from this system. This can help condensing boilers condense. Requires a few more pumps. Very high capacity system excellent application for larger buildings with condensing boilers and constant recirculation. 17 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
18 Steam-to-DHW Heat Exchanger Similar to boiler heat exchanger. Present in district steam buildings and some steam boiler systems. Photos source: Steven Winter Associates Tube and shell heat exchanger graphic by SEC heat exchangers 18 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
19 Tankless Coil Water Heater #1 Other common names: Quick coil. Lindy coil. Heat exchanger coil. submerged in boiler water. DHW never contacts boiler water. Many forms depending on boiler type. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates Tankless coil on Scotch marine boiler Graphic source: 19 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
20 Tankless Coil Coil mounted on front of Scotch marine boiler The coil could be mounted on the side of a cast iron boiler. A single boiler produces hot water or steam for heat and hot water for potable use. Boiler water must be kept warm at all times, which is inefficient. Tankless coil on Scotch marine boiler Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 20 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
21 Tankless Coil Water Heater #2 Advantages No separate combustion appliance needed for DHW. Disadvantages Boiler must be kept on all summer at 160 F or hotter. Very large and inefficient boilers are often run year-round. Not needed for many higher-efficiency boilers (indirectfire, storage, or heat exchanger), which use other methods to heat water. Only as efficient as the boiler it s mounted in. As a replacement, consider recommending a separate stand-alone condensing water heater to handle summer DHW load. 21 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
22 Instantaneous Water Heater #1 Sometimes called tankless water heater (not same as tankless coil). Independent combustion appliance with no storage capacity. Usually used in single-family homes or individual apartments in multifamily buildings, but can be used for small multifamily. Provides a continuous flow of hot water that is made on demand. Gas-fired and electric models available. Two models of instantaneous water heaters Photo source: Noritz Water Heaters 22 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
23 Instantaneous Water Heater #2 Advantages Several highly efficient models available, including condensing. Provides continuous, endless stream of hot water. For larger multifamily buildings, can be banked for larger capacity. Disadvantages Limited capacity requires multiple unit installations for larger buildings, which are more expensive to vent and maintain. May be cheaper to buy a single efficient boiler with larger capacity. 23 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
24 Electric Instantaneous Water Heater Advantages Requires no separate hot water distribution. Small units can be installed under sink at point of use. Disadvantages Electricity is fairly expensive. Draw can strain older wiring. Photo source: Marey Heater Corp 24 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
25 Rating Water Heater Efficiency Common terms: Energy factor (EF) Thermal efficiency The EnergyGuide sticker shows how this model compares to other units in the same class of water heaters. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 25 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
26 Energy Factor Total useful energy output divided by total energy input, expressed as a decimal. Indicates how efficient a technology is. Rating used for smaller-capacity units generally residential size, but can be used for gas units up to 100 gallons. Limited applicability to multifamily. EF for inefficient atmospheric water heaters is very low around (Less than 50% of the energy input is actually useable.) EF for higher-efficiency gas heaters can be in the 0.80s. EF for electric units can be very high in the 0.90s but electricity can be very expensive. 26 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
27 Thermal Efficiency #1 Measure most common to larger water heaters and boilers in multifamily buildings. Measure of how much energy actually goes into heating the water. Does not take into account energy lost when heater is off, which can be significant. For indirect-fired, storage, and heat exchanger heaters, thermal efficiency of the boiler supplying the hot water is what matters. 27 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
28 Thermal Efficiency #2 Find the thermal efficiency on the nameplate of this forced draft boiler. Thermal efficiency = output input (expressed as a percentage) Output input = 3,415,000 BTUH 4,287,000 BTUH Thermal efficiency = 79.7% Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 28 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
29 Thermal Efficiency #3 Thermal efficiency does not tell the whole story. Thermal efficiency does not measure standby loss or cycling losses. Both of these losses are greater for natural draft than forced draft boilers. What s the thermal efficiency for this natural draft boiler? Output input = 680,400 BTUH 840,000 BTUH Thermal efficiency = 80.9% Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 29 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
30 Water temperatures matter. #1 Making 130 F hot water in a boiler requires one of the following: Plate-and-frame heat exchanger at 132 F. Storage tank at 140 F. Indirect-fired tank at 150 F. Tankless coil in boiler at 180 F. Other boilers must be kept hotter to avoid condensation, which they aren t built to withstand. With higher temperatures, condensing boilers will not condense all the time. 30 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
31 Water temperatures matter. #2 Temperature monitoring is important. Too cold Legionella (less than 115 F) Too hot Scalding A liquid-filled temperature gauge with large dial, after mixing valve, is important. Temperature of Hot Water Time to Produce 2 nd and 3 rd Degree Burns 160 F About ½ second 150 F About 1½ seconds 140 F Less than 5 seconds 130 F About 30 seconds 120 F More than 5 minutes Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 31 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
32 How does water ever get that hot? #1 Old distribution systems often leave people cold. A long pipe run means long waits for hot water. Complaints of no hot water or long waits make the building super crank up the temperature on the water heater. Furthest tenant complains Graphic source: Steven Winter Associates 32 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
33 How does water ever get that hot? #2 Uneven temperatures some are just right and some are too hot. Much water is wasted getting hot water to the last fixture. Just hot enough 120 F 160 o F Burns in about ½ second! Way too hot! 160 F Photo and Graphic source: Steven Winter Associates 33 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
34 The False DHW Loop #1 Retrofit: Add a bit of piping and a small recirculating pump to make a false loop in the basement. Reduces wait times. Saves water. Saves fuel heater doesn t need to produce very hot water. Safer water leaving boiler room can be a much lower temperature. Best applied to buildings with 8 or more units. Graphic source: Steven Winter Associates 34 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
35 The False DHW Loop #2 The recirculation pump: Is small (1/40 1/16 HP) and uses minimal electricity. Needs a flow rate of only a few GPM. Should be a one-piece wet-rotor circulator pump, which is maintenance-free. Must be made of bronze to protect water quality and to protect the pump from corrosion by constant fresh water.. Photo source: Taco 35 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
36 Whole-building Hot Water Recirculation Common in newer buildings. Most systems run constantly. Opportunities to save energy in these systems: Pumps use electricity. Recirculating hot water increases heat loss. Place aquastat here. Control pump by aquastat. Graphic source: Steven Winter Associates 36 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
37 DHW Recirculating Pump and Sensor Aquastat senses temperature. Pump set to turn on when temp dips below 110 F and turn off when temp goes above 115 F. Pump will only run when temp in loop drops. Saves electricity and hot water. Cannot be used with most types of mixing valves. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 37 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
38 Thermostatic Mixing Valves Sometimes generically called a Holby valve, though there are several manufacturers. Work best with constant recirculation. Fail in the HOT position = dangerous. All-metal design. Adjustment by screw on unit. Inexact control. Graphic source: Holby Valves Photos source: Steven Winter Associates 38 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
39 Electronic Mixing valves Accurate, can use lower temperatures, safer. Fail in closed (cold) position. Help reduce scald problems. Good ones operate across various pressure settings. Require constant recirculation to work. Graphic source: Heat-Timer Photos source: Steven Winter Associates 39 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
40 DHW Electronic Mixing Valve Retrofit Existing thermostatic mixing valve replaced with new electronic mixing valve for finer control and lower temperatures. New temperature sensor and control for valve Combined with recirculation, allows lower and more consistent water temperatures to be delivered. Photos source: Steven Winter Associates 40 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
41 Water Booster Pumps Many on 24/7, running blind. Excess pressure is handled by bypass in piping; pumps always run at full power. VFD can help regulate to minimum pressure required. Motors must be compatible with VFD, insulation class F or H. Recommend upgrading systems older than 20 years and larger than 7.5 HP. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 41 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
42 Apartment Water Usage Methods of measurement Flow bag Digital thermometer Pressure gauge Quantify leaks ( One drip/second equals: 8.6 gallons/day 259 gallons/month 3,154 gallons/year 42 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
43 Methods of Measurement #1 Flow bag flow metering device Use with a stopwatch to determine flow rate. 1. Turn fixture on. 2. Put bag under for exactly 5 seconds. 3. Remove bag and turn off water. 4. Hold bag upright to read flow. Federal maximum flow rates for new aerators: Kitchen 2.2 GPM Bathroom 2.2 GPM Shower 2.5 GPM Faucets with flows greater than these should get new aerators/showerheads. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 43 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
44 Methods of Measurement #2 Digital temperature gauge Use throughout the building to diagnose recirculation and temperature problems: Long wait times for hot water. Unsatisfactory delivery temperatures. Temperature at the tap should be no greater than 120 F. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 44 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
45 Methods of Measurement #3 Check water pressure at top floor: Used to check on water booster systems. Water pressure should be about psi at highest floor. If greater, booster pump settings may be reduced. Most aerators are rated at 60 or 80 psi and decrease pressure proportionally with flow. Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 45 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
46 Hot Water Use is Different in Every Building by "[CLICK HERE AND TYPE YOUR NAME]" to "[CLICK HERE AND TYPE SCHOOL NAME]" in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in "[CLICK HERE AND TYPE DEGREE NAME]" This dissertation has been accepted for the faculty of "[Click here and type school name]" by: Name of Chair 46 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
47 Aerators Aerators are: Inexpensive. Effective. Subject to tampering. Relatively short lived (~7 years average). Tamperproof models are available. 47 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
48 Low-flow Showerhead and Aerators As a rule, recommend low-flow aerators and showerheads with the following flow rates: Showerheads GPM Kitchens 1.5 GPM Bathrooms 1.0 GPM Niagara Earth 1.5 GPM showerhead 1.0 GPM aerator Photo source: Steven Winter Associates 48 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
49 Summary DHW is the second-largest component of a multifamily building s energy cost. Water heaters may be stand-alone units or be integrated into the building s heating system. The goal is to provide everyone with water that is at least 110 F. Recirculating systems can save water and heating energy, but constantly running pumps use energy. Thermostatic mixing valves fail in the HOT position; electronic mixing valves fail in the COLD position. Measure flow, leaks, temperature, and pressure to accurately diagnose and address DHW issues. Tremendous energy savings can be had by adding low-flow fixtures and aerators, repairing leaks, adding pipe insulation, improving DHW makers, and changing recirculation systems. 49 WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM January 2011 eere.energy.gov
CHAPTER 9: WATER HEATING
Chapter 9: Water Heating 145 CHAPTER 9: WATER HEATING Energy costs for water heating can be as great as the costs for heating, for an energy efficient house, in a mild climate. Estimating hot water usage
More informationTANKLESS WATER HEATER INSTALLATION DIAGRAMS
TANKLESS WATER HEATER INSTALLATION DIAGRAMS Installation Diagrams Tankless Installation / Optional Return Small 10-15 Gallon Point-of-Use Water Single and Optional Return : One single, small capacity water
More informationASPE Seminar Water Heater Piping Strategies. Presented by Joe Kalarickal, EIT Regional Sales Manager AERCO International
ASPE Seminar Water Heater Piping Strategies Presented by Joe Kalarickal, EIT Regional Sales Manager AERCO International Presentation Overview Water Heater Piping Strategies How to size a water heater?
More informationTankless Water Heater A Primer for Contractors, Installers, Builders and Homeowners
Tankless Water Heater A Primer for Contractors, Installers, Builders and Homeowners Your Questions Answered Common applications Benefits of performance How to select, size and install Efficient water heating
More informationWATER HEATERS. If your water heater tank is leaking, then your course is clear: buy a new unit. But if it isn t, your answer is less obvious.
HOME ENERGY GUIDE TECHNIQUES TACTICS & TIPS WATER HEATERS Minnesota Department of Commerce Energy Information Center Water heating is often the second largest energy expense in the Minnesota home, and
More informationIn the average American home, water heating accounts
WATER HEATING In the average American home, water heating accounts for about 20% of total household energy consumption. In Virginia, the average household spends between $200 and $500 per year for heating
More informationGet more from your hot water
Get more from your hot water 3 action sheet Whether you re choosing a new hot water system or using the one you already have, there are some easy ways to reduce your energy use without compromising on
More informationWATER. Water Management Protect your building from water damage. Intent. Information & Tips
Water Management Protect your building from water damage If not managed properly, rain can drain into unwanted areas damaging your roof, windows, walls and facade. Eliminate water damage to your property
More informationCONDENSING TANKLESS WATER HEATERS
Ty Tipton, Tipton Company Brian Fenske, Navien America CONDENSING TANKLESS WATER HEATERS THE BASICS OF TANKLESS WATER HEATERS Tankless water heaters are available in Electric Natural gas Propane fired
More informationSelecting a New Water Heater
U ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CLEARINGHOUSE Selecting a New Water Heater Many homeowners wait until their heater fails before shopping for a replacement. Because they are in a hurry to regain
More informationDomestic Hot Water Systems and Plumbing Products
Domestic Hot Systems and Plumbing Products Taco Catalog #100-117 Effective Date: 09/02/15 Supersedes: 06/22/15 Printed in USA Domestic Hot Recirculation Taco Domestic Hot Plumbing Products Since 1920 Taco
More informationDomestic Hot Water Recirculation Systems Application, Selection & Installation Guide
Water Circulation Pumps & Circulators Domestic Hot Water Recirculation Systems Application, Selection & Installation Guide Taco Catalog # 100-41 Supersedes: 08/07/15 Effective Date: 09/01/15 Printed in
More informationHot Water Boilers and Controls Why Condensing Boilers are Different. Presented Oct. 14, 2008 Long Island Chapter, ASHRAE
Hot Water Boilers and Controls Why Condensing Boilers are Different Presented Oct. 14, 2008 Long Island Chapter, ASHRAE H.W. Boilers and Controls Major types of boilers Advantages and disadvantages Resistance
More informationTHERM Tankless Water Heaters. Applications Manual
THERM Tankless Water Heaters Applications Manual 2 THERM Tankless Water Heater Applications Manual THERM Tankless Water Heater Applications Manual 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Bosch THERM Model
More informationRESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL SERVICE CONTRACT ANNUAL COST $276.00
RESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL SERVICE CONTRACT This service contract covers all routine service and maintenance of your residential oil fired furnace or boiler. In addition this contract covers all service calls
More informationCase Studies in Existing Building Audits
Case Studies in Existing Building Audits Erica Brabon Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 307 7 th Ave., NY, NY ebrabon@swinter.com Who we are Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) is a 37 yearold architecture
More informationSOLI TANKLESS PRODUCT GUIDE
SOLI TANKLESS PRODUCT GUIDE SAVE ENERGY. Energy-efficient, plentiful, and endless supply of hot water. SAVE SPACE. Compact size and wall-mounted to free up valuable floor space. SAVE MONEY. The smart
More informationIndirect-Fired Storage Water Heater Models WH-30 through WH-80 INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Indirect-Fired Storage Water Heater Models WH-30 through WH-80 INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Contents Page Ratings and Specifications..................... 2 Installation Requirements......................
More informationCodes and High Performance Hot Water Systems. Gary Klein Affiliated International Management, LLC 916 549 7080 gary@aim4sustainability.
Codes and High Performance Hot Water Systems Gary Klein Affiliated International Management, LLC 916 549 7080 gary@aim4sustainability.com Annual Energy Use for Heating Water Natural Gas Gallons Per Day
More informationSECTION 22000. Hot Water Heaters (Hot Water Recirculation Systems and Point-of-Use Water Heaters)
SECTION 22000 Hot Water Heaters (Hot Water Recirculation Systems and Point-of-Use Water Heaters) PART I - GENERAL A. Description This section includes requirements for materials for installation of Hot
More informationSynergy of demand water heaters with solar and radiant floor heating
Synergy of demand water heaters with solar and radiant floor heating... butter with a chain saw Heating water with electricity is like cutting -Amory Lovins Everybody likes a hot shower, but that doesn
More informationAMX300 DirectConnect Mixing Valve Kits
AMX300 DirectConnect Mixing Valve Kits INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Tools needed (not supplied) 1. Wrench 2. Pliers Safety Definitions These safety terms identify information you must read. CAUTION Indicates
More informationHeating Water by Direct Steam Injection
Heating Water by Direct Steam Injection Producing hot water by direct steam injection provides a solution where large volumes of hot water at precise temperatures are required, and where energy and space
More informationHigh efficiency, cast-iron gas boiler
SENTRY High efficiency, cast-iron gas boiler LOWER PROFILE MAKES PROBLEM INSTALLATIONS EASY SENTRY High efficiency, cast-iron gas boiler A smarter choice for informed The boiler you choose for your home
More informationSeries GM. Peerless Boilers. Residential/Commercial Gas Boilers
Peerless Boilers Series GM Residential/Commercial Gas Boilers The Series GM cast iron, hot water boiler is ideal for use in large residences or commercial applications. This gas-fired, atmospheric boiler
More informationTANKLESS DURABILITY Tankless Product Guide
TANKLESS DURABILITY Tankless Product Guide Energy-efficient, plentiful, and endless supply of hot water. Compact size and wall-mounted to free up valuable floor space. SAVE ENERGY. SAVE SPACE. PAGE [ 2
More informationMega-Stor INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ENGINEERING MANUAL MAINTENANCE PARTS
D E S I G N E D T O L E A D Mega-Stor TM Stainless Steel, Indirect Water Heaters INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ENGINEERING MANUAL MAINTENANCE PARTS CAUTION 1. having a toxicity rating or Class
More informationSubpart 1. Installation. All plumbing systems must be. installed and tested according to this chapter and chapter 4715,
4658.4500 PLUMBING SYSTEMS; NEW CONSTRUCTION. Subpart 1. Installation. All plumbing systems must be installed and tested according to this chapter and chapter 4715, the Minnesota Plumbing Code. Subp. 2.
More informationApplications manual. For tankless and point-of-use water heaters
Applications manual For tankless and point-of-use water heaters 2 Bosch applications manual Bosch applications manual 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Bosch Water Heating Model Certifications 4 3
More informationHome comfort: water heating
Home comfort: water heating Water heating usage Hot water. It s one of those luxuries we give little thought to until we run out. This information is provided to help you get the most value and comfort
More informationUNDERSTANDING CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS
UNDERSTANDING CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS This advice guide is part of a series of free guides produced by the Association of Plumbing & Heating Contractors Ltd. which provide consumers with essential basic
More informationEnergy Saving Fact Sheet Boilers
Energy Saving Fact Sheet Boilers Turn a burning issue into real energy savings You need a boiler to heat your premises and provide hot water or to generate steam for use in industrial processes. Unfortunately,
More informationSAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL
SAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL Check the roof insulation level and add insulation to maintain minimum R-38 (6 of blown cellulose or equal). Use R-19 between frame or R-10 rigid insulation for
More informationCommercial Gas Water Heaters
POWERED BURNER MODELS LARGE-VOLUME POWERED BURNER FEATURES The large-volume powered burner line includes the largest, most powerful A. O. Smith tanktype gas water heaters. With tank capacities up to 600
More informationFactory owners must ensure the boiler is:
Factory owners must ensure the boiler is: * Registered with the Boilers and Pressure Vessels Division, Labour Department * Examined by an appointed examiner and has a valid certificate of fitness * Supervised
More informationCost Estimation for Materials and Installation of Hot Water Piping Insulation
Cost Estimation for Materials and Installation of Hot Water Piping Insulation Prepared for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Under Contract Number: 18O9O2 By Gary Klein, Managing Partner Affiliated
More informationINNOVATIVE SOLUTION OF DOMESTIC HEATING SPLIT TYPE SPLIT DHW INTEGRATED TYPE MONOBLOC TYPE
INNOVATIVE SOLUTION OF DOMESTIC HEATING SPLIT TYPE SPLIT DHW INTEGRATED TYPE MONOBLOC TYPE Fujitsu General realizes considerable energy saving operations by the Heat pump heating system using the ambient
More informationCondensing Boilers. High Efficiency. Proven Reliability, American-Made Home Heating Comfort. ANYWHERE UNMATCHED
High Efficiency Condensing Boilers Proven Reliability, American-Made Home Heating Comfort. Look for this logo throughout this literature to see the unique features that set U.S. Boiler Company apart from
More informationHot Water Heating: Technologies and Use
Hot Water Heating: Technologies and Use Skip Hayden Integrated Energy Systems CanmetENERGY Better Buildings by Design 2010 Burlington Vermont February 2010 Natural Resources Canada Ressources naturelles
More informationFYI > California Title 24
FYI > California Title 24 Rinnai America Corporation ("RAC") prepared the below summary of California Title 24, primarily based on the California Energy Commission s 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards.
More informationLAKE COUNTY ANIMAL SERVICES EXPANSION SECTION 15459
SECTION 15459 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS: A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division-1 Specification sections, apply to work
More informationUsing Water Heaters for Radiant Heat
Using Water Heaters for Radiant Heat Gas-fired water heaters can provide reliable, efficient space heating as well as domestic hot water by Bill Clinton, Jurnal of Light Construction, Web Page from 1999
More informationGas-Fired, Residential Storage Type Water Heaters
Consulting, Resource, Education, Training, and Support Services for Home Inspectors A candle loses no light when it lights another candle. Gas-Fired, Residential Storage Type Water Heaters Most inspectors
More informationASME Packaged Indirect Fired Water Heater
Utilizes Or HTHW To Heat Domestic Water, Semi-Instantaneous or Storage Type Model BW Features Reliable Only high grade materials used in construction to ensure long operating life Hydrastone cement lining
More informationWinter heating This winter heating guide includes ways to reduce heating costs and provides advice on choosing the right heater to suit your needs.
Winter heating This winter heating guide includes ways to reduce heating costs and provides advice on choosing the right heater to suit your needs. Fuel for thought Choosing the right heating system for
More informationHot Water Answers E N E R I N F O A D V I S O R S E R I E S
Hot Water Answers E N E R I N F O A D V I S O R S E R I E S Hot Water Conservation Checklist Can you reduce your hot water temperature? Do your showers have low-flow showerheads? Do you fix water leaks
More informationSteam System Best Practices Condensate System Piping
Steam System Best Practices Condensate System Piping Summary The best method for improving steam system energy efficiency, reducing chemical costs, and reducing make-up water costs is to return the maximum
More informationWater Heaters by David Grubb
Installing On-Demand Water Heaters by David Grubb In recent years, about half of my remodeling customers have chosen to replace their conventional water heaters with on-demand or tankless models. Long
More informationWater Heaters. Condensing Storage. In my 30-plus years as a plumbing contractor,
Condensing Storage Water Heaters These heaters are up to 96 percent efficient and typically easier to retrofit than tankless models by Jim Lunt In my 30-plus years as a plumbing contractor, I ve replaced
More informationPreventing Overheated Boiler Incidents
Preventing Overheated Boiler Incidents PSE&G Appliance Service October 2012 Runaway Boiler Explosion Review Items Hazard Background Past Incidents PSE&G Emergency Response Future Process Improvements What
More informationWhy worry about your hot water system?
Why worry about your hot water system? Water heating probably accounts for 45 % of your annual household energy use. Most of us have electric storage hot water systems, which are often inefficient and
More informationSolar Hot Water. What systems are available?
Solar Hot Water Using the sun s energy to heat water will save you energy, lower your hot water bills, and reduce greenhouse pollution. Solar hot water systems work effectively in Victoria using mature
More informationPrinting and Publishing Energy Savings Guide
Printing and Publishing Energy Savings Guide Oregon printing and publishing plants face challenges of rising operating costs, environmental and other regulations, outdated equipment and customer demand
More informationFor installation guide see reverse of book
USERS GUIDE LOGIC Combi 24, 30, 35 For installation guide see reverse of book When replacing any part on this appliance, use only spare parts that you can be assured conform to the safety and performance
More informationIn Part 1 of this article (see January/February 2005
Hot-Water Distribution Systems Part II By Gary Klein This article was first published in P l u m b i n g Systems & Design magazine by the American Society of Plumbing Engineers. It is reprinted with updated
More informationOTF Oil Fired Pool Heater
OTF Oil Fired Pool Heater Installation Operation Maintenance Manual Service Policy 722010 Congratulations on the purchase of your new pool heater. In order to maintain peak performance of your pool heater
More informationKey energy-efficient features of your new home
Key energy-efficient features of your new home Your thermal envelope The thermal envelope, or shell, of your home (walls, roof and floor) is designed to keep you dry and comfortable. It protects you from
More informationFLASH TANK ECONOMIZER PRODUCT GUIDE
FLASH TANK ECONOMIZER PRODUCT GUIDE Overview A flash tank is used to recover blowdown energy in the form of flash steam and blowdown. This can only be used with a deaerator or some other pressurized device.
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 288,817,200,000. Thank you for attending the session on Hot Water Re-Circulation.
Slide 1 Thank you for attending the session on Hot Water Re-Circulation. Hot Water Re-Circulation National Conference Center Lansdowne, VA March 25 th & 26 th, 2010 Slide 2 AGENDA Water Waste Statistics
More informationEnergy Efficiency HOSPITALITY. www.energia.ie
Energy Efficiency HOSPITALITY www.energia.ie Your chance to reduce your business energy usage by as much as 20%! 20% is a significant figure and reducing your energy bill by this amount could make a real
More informationWINTERIZING YOUR HOME PLUMBING AT BLUE RIDGE SHORES
WINTERIZING YOUR HOME PLUMBING AT BLUE RIDGE SHORES The following are suggestions to help you winterize your home plumbing. They are for homes where the heat is not left on during the winter months. There
More information1. What percent of a commercial business s energy usage comes from their HVAC system? A. 13% B. 23% C. 33% D. 43% E. 53%
1 1. What percent of a commercial business s energy usage comes from their HVAC system? A. 13% B. 23% C. 33% D. 43% E. 53% 2. How much money do commercial facilities spend per square foot on energy costs
More informationBaxi Combi 80e & 105e
Baxi Combi 8e & 15e Please keep these instructions safe. Should you move house, please hand them over to the next occupier. Gas Fired Wall Mounted Combination Boiler User s Operating Instructions Natural
More informationEnergy-Saving Tips. Energy Saving Tips
Energy-Saving Tips Energy Saving Tips TABLE OF CONTENTS How Do You Spend Your Energy Dollars?.. 1 Easy Ways to Save... 2 Investing in Energy Savings... 6 EarthCents... 7 How Do You Spend Your Energy Dollars?
More informationCommercial Semi-Instantaneous Water Heaters
FEATURES HWI Models A. O. Smith s HWI models are available for operation with steam or boiler water as the energy source. They are factory assembled with components sized, piped and checked at the factory
More informationRange Tribune HE Solar Unvented Direct and Indirect Cylinders
Range Tribune HE Solar Unvented Direct and Indirect Cylinders Range Tribune HE Solar cylinders have been designed specifically with Solar applications in mind and are based on the highly successful Range
More informationCondensing Boiler Efficiency
Condensing Boiler Efficiency Date: July 17, 2012 PRES E NT ED BY DO N L E O NA RDI LE O N A RD I I NC. HV AC T RAI N I N G & C ON SU LT IN G Concepts 1 The current state of evolution in boiler design 2
More informationOperators manual Basic water heater
Operators manual Basic water heater Isotemp Basic water heater has been designed and produced to ensure that your water heater will give long and trouble free operation for many years. It is important,
More informationBoiler & Pressure Vessel Inspection discrepancies and failures
Boiler & Pressure Vessel Inspection discrepancies and failures Water Heaters / Pressure Vessels Pressure Vessels are inspected once every three years. This requires a test of A: safety relief devices B:
More informationINSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL
SINGLE-WALL INDIRECT WATER HEATER To avoid damage or injury, there must be no materials stored against the indirect water heater and proper care shall be taken to avoid unnecessary contact (especially
More informationSession 2: Hot Water Supply
MEBS6000 Utility Services http://www.hku.hk/mech/msc-courses/mebs6000/index.html Session 2: Hot Water Supply Dr. Benjamin P.L. Ho Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong E-mail:
More informationA Do-It-Yourself Home Water Audit
A Do-It-Yourself Home Water Audit This page is left blank intentionally. Please use the double-sided printer setting when printing. Your new Home Water Savings Kit can help you conduct a do-it-yourself
More informationVaillant s plain English guide to. simple, concise and precise
Vaillant s plain English guide to simple, concise and precise Introduction Contents Installing a new boiler 05 Servicing and repairing 13 What s a diverter valve? Why do you need a TRV? And happens when
More informationGOLD Plus 30/40/60/80
PLUS Line Indirect-Fired Water Heaters Series 3 Manual Installation Startup Maintenance Parts PLUS 100/110/119 GOLD Plus 30/40/60/80 Plus 40/60/80 This manual must only be used by a qualified heating installer/service
More informationIndirect-fired Steam & Boiler Water Heaters
Indirect-fired Steam & Boiler Water Heaters High Recovery ASME Constructed & Stamped Factory Packaged Applications Thermomaster water heating systems provide high recovery, tight temperature control and
More informationresearch highlight Monitoring Performance of Retrofitting from Tank to Tankless Water Heaters
research highlight December 2011 Technical Series - 11-101 Monitoring Performance of Retrofitting from Tank to Tankless Water Heaters Background Domestic hot water energy consumption represents the second
More informationHigh Performance Hot Water Systems Denver July 2010
High Performance Hot Water Systems Denver July 2010 Gary Klein Affiliated International Management, LLC 916-549-7080 gary@aim4sustainability.com Gary Klein, 2010 Gaps Hot water is a system We need systemic
More informationIndirect Fired Water Heaters
Indirect Fired Water Heaters Installation and Operating Manual C US Models: SST150-40 SST250-65 SST300-80 SST450-119 CAUTION The heat transfer medium must be water or other nontoxic fluid having a toxicity
More informationOn-Demand Water Heater System Design Manual
System Design Manual Design information for single and multiple unit installations for residential, commercial, recirculation and storage tank systems. PRINTED 0209 186965-001 Table of Contents Certifications...3
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS & HOME OWNERS MANUAL ECO 18 ECO 24 ECO 27 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS & HOME OWNERS MANUAL ECO 18 ECO 24 ECO 27 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION As when installing or using any high voltage electrical appliance, basic safety precautions should always
More informationINSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL EPJ SERIES INDIRECT WATER HEATERS
INSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL EPJ SERIES INDIRECT WATER HEATERS FOR MODELS EPJ-40 AND EPJ-56 SEE REAR COVER FOR INDEX Read this instruction manual before installation, operation, or service. Failure
More informationecomax Instructions for use Wall hung room sealed fan assisted condensing boilers For the user
For the user Instructions for use ecomax Wall hung room sealed fan assisted condensing boilers ecomax 63/ E ecomax 68/ E ecomax 6/ E ecomax 635 E ecomax 84/ E ecomax 88/ E ecomax 835 E GB Table of contents
More informationThermo Siphon Solar Systems
Thermo Siphon Solar Systems Thermo Siphon Solar Systems are a very cost effective way of producing hot water due to their simplicity in design and installation requirements. Usually more common in hotter
More informationOWNER S MANUAL FORCE 10 MARINE COMPANY 23080 HAMILTON ROAD RICHMOND, BC CANADA V6V 1C9 TEL: (604) 522-0233 FAX: (604) 522-9608
Electric Water Heater OWNER S MANUAL FORCE 10 MARINE COMPANY 23080 HAMILTON ROAD RICHMOND, BC CANADA V6V 1C9 TEL: (604) 522-0233 FAX: (604) 522-9608 If your water Heater is Damaged or you have questions
More informationThis report presents the findings and recommendations of the assessment of energy use and
This report presents the findings and recommendations of the assessment of energy use and environmental stewardship of Arlington Street Church, Boston, MA. As stewards of the earth it is important that
More informationTECHNICAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT Technical Service Bulletin 1-800-432-8373. Tankless Electric (RTE) Troubleshooting
Sequence of Operations 1 Power supply and field wiring block 2 Energy Cut Off (ECO) 3 Water flow plunger and cold inlet 4 Magnetic flow switch 5 Water temperature thermistor 6 Control panel and circuit
More informationPlumbing Identification and Damage Assessment Guide
Plumbing Identification and Damage Assessment Guide *Please note that not all systems will be represented exactly by these diagrams and photos. As a vendor, it is required that you familiar yourself with
More informationI N S T ALLATION INSTRUCTIONS & HOME OWNERS MANUAL IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
I N S T ALLATION INSTRUCTIONS & HOME OWNERS MANUAL MODELS: HA018240 HA024240 HA027240 HA036240 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION As when installing or using any high voltage electrical appliance, basic safety
More informationMechanical, Plumbing, and Fire Protection Conditions
Mechanical, Plumbing, and Fire Protection Conditions Mechanical Conditions The mechanical systems within the building consist of a combination of the original 1926 systems and renovations that occurred
More informationNavien Condensing 98% Tankless Water Heaters. Tankless Water Heaters. Navien Condensing. The Ultimate in Energy Efficiency with Hi-Tech Comfort
Navien Condensing 98% Tankless Water Heaters The Ultimate in Energy Efficiency with Hi-Tech Comfort Navien America Inc. Navien Condensing Tankless Water Heaters Navien America is an official energy star
More information8 716 473 216-00.3O. Gas boiler. Gaz 6000 W WBN 6000-30-H-E-N/L-S2400. Operating instructions for the end customer. 8 716 473 217 (2014/07) en
8 716 473 216-00.3O Gas boiler WBN 6000-30-H-E-N/L-S2400 Operating instructions for the end customer en 2 Contents Contents 1 Key to symbols and safety instructions................... 2 1.1 Key to symbols..................................
More informationSizing and Selection of Hot Water Generating Plant. Presentation by: Rob Larner & David Dutch
Sizing and Selection of Hot Water Generating Plant Presentation by: Rob Larner & David Dutch SIZING HOT WATER PLANT - agenda Consider different sizing methods. Arrive at a design example for a 200 bed
More informationBuilding Energy Systems. - HVAC: Heating, Distribution -
* Some of the images used in these slides are taken from the internet for instructional purposes only Building Energy Systems - HVAC: Heating, Distribution - Bryan Eisenhower Associate Director Center
More informationDelivering exceptional performance and Ecovalue. Ecocent
1 Delivering exceptional performance and Ecovalue. Ecocent 2 The Ecocent Hot Water System As the cost of providing heating and hot water continues to increase, homes and businesses are seeking out more
More informationREGULATORS 175/153 Series
175/153 Series 175 HEATING 153 COOLING Watson McDaniel reserves the right to change the designs and/or materials of its products without notice. 2002 Watson McDaniel Company Revised 7/2002 175 / 153 Screwed
More informationThe main steam enters the building in the basement mechanical room; this is where the condensate line also leaves the building.
MSV: Square Footage: 24,844 No. of Floors: 1 Year Built: 1963 Type of Use: Lounge and dining area open all night for snacks Steam Water-cooled condenser, 50-Ton York unit with a 6 cylinder-reciprocating
More informationPLP - TERMS AND CONDITIONS
PLP - TERMS AND CONDITIONS 2014-2015 Philadelphia Gas Works Residential Parts & Labor Plan Contract This Residential Parts & Labor Plan Contract (this Plan ) is available to customers of the Philadelphia
More informationSolar Water Heaters. Three types of solar collectors are used for residential applications:
Solar Water Heaters Solar water heaters also called solar domestic hot water systems can be a cost-effective way to generate hot water for your home. They can be used in any climate, and the fuel they
More informationLink-Up. Solid Fuel Association Guide to Central Heating. www.solidfuel.co.uk
Solid Fuel Association Guide to Central Heating Link-Up Combining solid fuel with other central heating technologies using various methods ranging from a simple link-up to a fully integrated thermal store
More informationHot water supply, distribution and use
Guidance Leaflet Reducing use Hot supply, distribution and use All businesses use hot in some way, whether for domestic use, in the manufacturing process or for ancillary activities. As there are considerable
More information