Monthly Safety Meeting

Transcription

1 Monthly Safety Meeting 11 June 2015 Please sign roster

2 Before we begin Please sign the safety meeting roster Used to log safety currency in eservices Safety Officer logs currency Only other means (not through safety officer) is through on-line safety education course Safety currency necessary for participation in CAP activities Can view most current briefing on squadron website. Current only after sent to safety officer and logged. 2

3 Dehydration Topics Lyme disease Effects of density altitude 3

4 Dehydration Water is a critical element of the body, and keeping the body adequately hydrated is a must to allow the body to function. Up to 75% of the body's weight is made up of water. Body needs at least 8 glasses or 64 ounces of water per day. Dehydration occurs when the amount of water leaving the body is greater than the amount being taken in. We lose water routinely when we: breathe and humidified air leaves the body (this can be seen on a cold day when you can see your breath in the air, which is just water that has been exhaled); sweat to cool the body; and eliminate waste by urinating or having a bowel movement. 4

5 Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration Body's initial responses to dehydration are thirst to increase water intake, and decreased urine output to try to conserve water loss. The urine will become concentrated and more yellow in color. As the level of water loss increases, more symptoms can become apparent - Dry mouth Sweating may stop Nausea and vomiting Eyes stop making tears Muscle cramps Heart palpitations Lightheadedness (especially when standing) Weakness Decreased urine output 5

6 Complications of Dehydration Kidney failure is a common occurrence and often is reversible, if it is due to dehydration and is treated early. Muscles may go into spasm (heat cramps). Heat exhaustion can occur and include weakness, lightheadedness, nausea, and vomiting. If the person isn't moved from the heat and rehydrated, the situation may progress to heat stroke. The patient will stop sweating, have a change in mental status that includes confusion and coma, and the body temperature may spike to 106 F (41 C) or higher. When the fluid loss overwhelms the body's ability to compensate, blood flow and oxygen delivery to the body's vital organs become inadequate and cell and organ function can begin to fail. If enough organs begin to malfunction, the body itself may fail and death can occur. 6

7 Lyme Disease Transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged (Deer) ticks Caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system. Diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., bulls-eye rash), and the possibility of exposure to infected ticks Most cases can be successfully treated with a few weeks of antibiotics Steps to prevent Lyme disease include using insect repellent, removing ticks promptly, applying pesticides, and reducing tick habitat. 7

8 Lyme Disease Early localized stage (3-30 days post tick-bite) Red, expanding rash. Fatigue, chills, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes Erythema migrans (EM) or bull s-eye rash Rash occurs in 70-80% of people. Begins after 3-30 days (avg is 7 days) Rash gradually expands over several days, can reach 12 across. Rash usually feels warm to the touch but is rarely itchy or painful Untreated, infection may spread to other parts of body Facial or Bell s palsy (loss of muscle tone on one or both sides of face) Severe headaches, neck stiffness due to meningitis Pain and swelling in large joints; shooting pains interfering with sleep 8

9 Preventing Tick Bites Avoid direct contact with ticks (woods and bushy areas with high grass); walk in center of trails Repel ticks with 20% or more of DEET or Permethrin Find and remove ticks from your body Bathe or shower as soon as possible (preferably within 2 hours) Conduct a full-body check (e.g., under arms, behind knees, hair) Examine gear and pets (no free rides!) Tumble clothes in dryer on high heat for an hour to kill remaining ticks 9

10 Reported Cases of Lyme Disease True / False Lyme disease occurs throughout US? Lyme disease is transmitted from person to person? Best way to remove a tick is to grasp tick close to skin with tweezers and pull straight away from skin Tick must be attached to skin for >24 hrs before it can transmit Lyme disease 10

11 Terms Effects of Density Altitude Indicated Altitude: altitude shown on altimeter True Altitude: height above mean sea level (MSL) Absolute Altitude: height above ground level (AGL) Pressure Altitude: indicated altitude when altimeter is set to Hg; used in acft performance calculations and in high-altitude flight Density Altitude: pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature variations 11

12 Why Does Density Altitude Matter? High density altitude = decreased performance High altitude = less dense air High temperatures = less dense air High humidity related to engine power vice aerodynamic efficiency At 96 o F, water vapor content can be 8X as great as at 42 o F If high humidity, add 10% to computed takeoff distance Increased density altitude Increased takeoff distance Reduce rate of climb Increased TAS (but same IAS) on approach / landing Increased landing roll distance 12

13 Density Altitude Charts 13

14 Flight Planning - Density Altitude Runway temperature over a hot, paved surface can be as much as 40 o F greater than temperature reported by sensors Consider running a 2 nd set of T/O data at +40 o F/20 o C More doubtful the weather, the more information you need to obtain If using cell phone, the WX-BRIEF number connects you with your cell phone s area code (might not be the one at your location) 14

15 Review (4 questions on 2 slides) answers to 4 questions: pricer.t@natcapwg.cap.gov 1. (Select the best answer) Dehydration can be prevented by: a. Drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day b. Not over exerting yourself during prolonged periods in high temperatures c. Schedule outside activities during the cooler part of the day d. All of the above 2. What percentage of the body is made up of water? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 90% 15

16 Review (4 questions on 2 slides) answers to 4 questions: pricer.t@natcapwg.cap.gov 3. Select the wrong answer regarding Lyme disease: a. Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks b. The rash looks like a spider web c. The rash usually feels warm to the touch but is rarely itchy or painful d. Find and remove ticks from your body 4. (Select the best answer) Increased density altitude causes the following: a. Increased takeoff distance b. Reduced rate of climb c. Increased True Air Speed (TAS) on approach and landing d. All of the above 16