Cell Transport. Honors Biology Arizona College Prep Mrs. Glassmeyer Textbook Reference: , The Living World 7 th edition

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1 Cell Transport Honors Biology Arizona College Prep Mrs. Glassmeyer Textbook Reference: , The Living World 7 th edition

2 Learning Goals Unit Learning Goal: Student will be able to compare structure & analyze transport of materials into and out of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells by accurately explaining the role of proteins & ATP. Presentation Learning Goal(s): 1. How are the two types of cell transport associated with energy requirements & concentration gradients? 2. Why is cell transport essential to the maintenance and survival of cells?

3 Review: plasma membrane Composed of phospholipid bilayer and a mosaic of proteins Non-polar molecules pass through the lipid part Water soluble molecules must move through proteins Selectively permeable (semi-permeable) Allows some substances in, excludes others

4

5 What s a Gradient?

6 Active vs. Passive Visual Passive Active

7 What is Passive Transport? No Energy required! Moves down a concentration gradient (Particles move from high to low concentration) Three Types of Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Osmosis

8 What is Diffusion? Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration as a result of random molecular motion. End result Equilibrium

9 Example of Diffusion

10 What Variables Affect Diffusion? Degree of concentration gradient Area of membrane for diffusion Lipid soluble: oxygen Membrane required: Na+, sugar molecules, amino acids Physical characteristics of cell environment Temperature Pressure Electrical Field

11 What is Facilitated Diffusion? Diffusion of a particle (ions & polar molecules) naturally down a concentration gradient using a carrier protein

12 What are the Types of Protein Open Channel Channels? Size determines whether molecule moves through Carrier Proteins Surface carrier protein carries the molecule across the membrane carrier protein is specific to molecule

13 Example of Facilitated Diffusion Receptor Mediated Facilitated Diffusion a protein binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane causing conformational changes of the associated carrier protein which allows the transport to the molecule to the other side of the membrane.

14 What is Osmosis? Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (down a concentration gradient). The difference in concentration is caused by the amount of solutes present on either side of a semi-permeable membrane! Can result in changing volumes on either side of the membrane

15 Osmosis (water moves to balance solution concentrations)

16 What is Active Transport? Energy IS required Particles are being moved AGAINST a concentration gradient (Particles move from low concentration to high concentration) Three Types of Active Transport: 1. Protein Pumps 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis

17 What are Protein Pumps? Proteins that carry materials across a membrane against the concentration gradient

18 What is the Sodium-Potassium Pump? uses energy, in the form of ATP, to pump three Na + out of the cell and to pump two K + into the cell nearly 1/3 of the energy expended by the body s cells is given over to driving these pumps 18

19 Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the Normal or Slide Sorter views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at 19

20 Why are Sodium-Potassium Pumps Important? The result of the Na + -K + pump is to generate a concentration gradient with more Na + outside of the cell than inside Cells exploit this gradient in key ways for the conduction of signals along nerve cells for the transportation of important molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient 20

21 What is Endocytosis? The inward movement of molecules through a membrane by infolding and pinching off vesicles

22 Examples of Endocytosis

23 What are the Forms of Phagocytosis is endocytosis of particulate (solid) matter Endocytosis? Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 4.22(a) Endocytosis Plasma membrane Pinocytosis is endocytosis of liquid matter (a) Phagocytosis Cytoplasm Figure 4.22(b) Endocytosis Plasma membrane Cytoplasm (b) Pinocytosis 23

24 What is Exocytosis? Release of material to the external environment

25 Learning Goals Unit Learning Goal: Student will be able to compare structure & analyze transport of materials into and out of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells by accurately explaining the role of proteins & ATP. Presentation Learning Goal(s): 1. How are the two types of cell transport associated with energy requirements & concentration gradients? 2. Why is cell transport essential to the maintenance and survival of cells?

26 Study Recommendations Make sure to write a summary for the cornell notes highlighting key concepts and applications Review key questions and highlight key words in the notes Make sure to label anything emphasized in class as a potential T.Q. Create flashcards for key concepts/vocab

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