GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease mrna System

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease mrna System"

Transcription

1 PRODUCT BULLETIN GeneArt CRISPR System GeneArt CRISPR System High-efficiency, multiplex-compatible genome editing tool for a broad range of cell types Introduction Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have revolutionized the field of cell engineering. Derived from components of a simple bacterial immune system, the CRISPR-Cas system can be manipulated and redirected for highly flexible but specific genome editing in eukaryotes. The CRISPR-Cas system is composed of a short noncoding guide RNA (grna) that has two molecular components: a target-specific CRISPR RNA (crrna) and an auxiliary trans-activating crrna (tracrrna). The grna unit guides the Cas protein to a specific genomic locus via base pairing between the crrna sequence and the target sequence (Figure ). Upon binding to the target sequence, the Cas protein induces a specific double-strand break. Following CRISPR-Cas induced DNA cleavage, the break can be repaired by the cellular repair machinery using either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or a homologydirected repair mechanism. With target specificity defined by a very short RNA-coding region, the CRISPR-Cas system greatly simplifies genome editing and has great promise in broad applications such as stem cell engineering, gene therapy, tissue and animal disease models, and engineering disease-resistant transgenic plants. Target genomic locus Figure. A CRISPR-Cas targeted double-strand break. Cleavage occurs on both strands, bp upstream of the NGG proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence on the end of the target sequence. In the GeneArt CRISPR System, crrna and tracrrna are expressed together as a single grna that mimics the natural crrna-tracrrna hybrid in bacterial systems. The grna is encoded by a custom-synthesized DNA fragment containing either a U or T promoter. GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA is synthesized with a U promoter and can be directly introduced into mammalian cells for expression of the grna. GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA is synthesized with a T promoter and is used as a template for in vitro transcription of the grna. This target-specific grna is cotransfected into cells with GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease mrna, which encodes the Cas endonuclease. The

2 system is versatile and simple to use, and changing target specificity only requires a change in the design of the GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA. This product bulletin provides detailed information about our GeneArt CRISPR System along with recommendations for using the products. Product details GeneArt CRISPR is wild type Cas mrna for genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas system. The mrna is ready to transfect and circumvents the need for time-consuming cloning steps that are required with CRISPR vector systems. Cas mrna can be co-transfected with in vitro transcribed guide RNA (IVT grna) (Figure ) or a synthetic grna expression cassette containing the U promoter (Figure ). The grna expression cassette and IVT grna template can be ordered as GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA, a bp DNA fragment. Both options allow multiplexed genome editing where multiple target gene sequences are edited simultaneously in a single transfection. Following screening for the most efficient grna, the respective GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA can be used to generate a target-specific grna expression plasmid. A custom service option is available when a ready-to-use, complete RNA format is desired. Submit your gene of interest to GeneArtSupport@lifetech.com and receive your target-specific IVT grna that is ready for use in your downstream applications. Workflow outline Step. Identify your gene of interest and submit information for the design of your target-specific grna sequence. Step. Choose the relevant CRISPR-Cas system (Table ). Proceed to Step for GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA. Proceed to Step for GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA. Table. GeneArt CRISPR System selection guide. Requirements GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease mrna + U Strings DNA GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease mrna + IVT grna Ready to transfect * High efficiency with broad cell type application Avoid random integration associated with DNA Suitable for microinjections** * In vitro transcribed (IVT) grna can be prepared from a synthetic DNA template such as GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA, or a user-defined template. Ready-to-use IVT grna can also be ordered through custom services by contacting customservices@lifetech.com. ** Potential applications of Cas mrna include generation of transgenic model systems, but microinjection and other in vivo delivery methods have not been tested using the GeneArt CRISPR. However, a significant number of articles have described Cas mrna use for in vivo applications in a wide variety of organisms including mouse, rat, zebrafish, and Drosophila (Haoyi et.al., ; Ma et.al., ; Ota et.al., ; Andrew et.al., ). GeneArt CRISPR Measure cleavage efficiency with GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection KIt TRANSFECT with Lipofectamine MessengerMAX reagent ANALYZE Confirm edits by sequencing In vitro transcribe grnas Use MEGAshortscript T Transcription Kit for grna synthesis IVT grnas GeneArt CRISPR Measure cleavage efficiency with GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection KIt TRANSFECT ANALYZE GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA U U U Confirm edits by sequencing Step. Use MEGAshortscript T Transcription Kit and MEGAclear Transcription Clean-Up Kit to generate IVT grna. Step. Cotransfect Cas mrna with GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA or purified IVT grna. Please note: The delivery method is critical for high-efficiency genome editing. When performing transfection using GeneArt CRISPR we recommend using Lipofectamine MessengerMax reagent. Lipofectamine MessengerMax reagent can be used with broad cell types, including difficult-to-transfect cell lines, and results in high genome editing efficiency when used in conjuction with the complete RNA format. For more information on delivery methods, please refer to our transfection reagent selection guide at Step. Analyze sample or hours posttransfection for percent gene modification using: Figure. Workflow for complete RNA format. This workflow combines GeneArt CRISPR and GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA. In this schematic, Cas mrna is cotransfected with three different in vitro transcribed (IVT) grnas, which allows for multiple gene edits within one reaction. GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA are synthetic bp DNA expression cassettes that contain a T promoter and can be converted into grna using our MEGAshortscript T Transcription Kit (Cat. No. AM) prior to transfection. IVT grna together with Cas mrna eliminates promoter constraints and allows high genome-editing efficiencies across a broader range of cell types. This system is suitable for in vivo applications such as microinjections and developing model systems. For high editing efficiency we recommend Lipofectamine MessengerMAX Reagent (Cat. No. LMRNA), an RNA-specific transfection reagent for a broad range of cell types. Figure. Workflow for ready-to-transfect format. This workflow combines GeneArt CRISPR and GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA. In this schematic, Cas mrna is cotransfected with GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA, which allows for multiple gene edits within one transfection. GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA are synthetic bp DNA expression cassettes that contain a U promoter and can be directly transfected into cells with Cas mrna. The U promoter drives expression of target-specific grna that forms a complex with the Cas protein generated from GeneArt CRISPR. The use of the U promoter (a human Pol III promoter) helps ensure high expression of grna. The GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit, an essential tool for monitoring the efficiency of your genome editing experiments. When using genome editing tools such as the CRISPR-Cas system, GeneArt Precision TALs, or zinc finger nucleases to obtain targeted mutations, it is necessary to determine the cleavage efficiency at the target sequence prior to continuing with labor-intensive and expensive experiments. The GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit provides a simple, reliable, and rapid method to determine the nuclease cleavage efficiency at a given locus. Sequencing to identify and confirm the edited genomic locus.

3 Analysis: data and applications High cleavage efficiency in a variety of cell types Cas mrna, along with GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA or IVT grna, provide a smaller payload than plasmidbased CRISPR-Cas systems for improved cell delivery and better genome editing efficiency as demonstrated using our GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit (Figure ). This method enables efficient gene editing across a broad range of cell types. Broad host applications, including stem cells The complete RNA format with Lipofectamine MessengerMax Transfection Reagent enables high genome editing efficiency in a broad range of hosts, including stem cells and difficult-to-transfect cell lines (Figures and ). bp bp A. FT cells, locus Cleavage efficiency: % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Control (Cas mrna only) bp bp B. HCT cells, and loci Control (Cas mrna only) C. UOS cells, locus Control (Cas mrna only) bp bp ROSA NANOG Cleavage efficiency: % % % % % % ROSA NANOG Control (Cas mrna only) bp bp Cas mrna only Cas mrna + IVT grna % % % Cleavage efficiency Figure. The GeneArt CRISPR System with in vitro transcribed grna produces high genome-editing efficiency in ipscs. Cells were transfected in a -well format and harvested hours posttransfection. Genome-editing efficiency was quantified using the GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit. The cleavage products are indicated with arrowheads. Transfection was performed using Lipofectamine MessengerMAX reagent. Figure. The GeneArt CRISPR System demonstrates efficient genome editing in a broad range of cell types. (A) FT, (B) HCT, and (C) UOS human cell lines were transfected in -well plates using the indicated targeting the or locus. The CRISPR-Cas formats and corresponding sample lane numbers are listed in the tables. The GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector with OFP reporter (all-in-one plasmid) was transfected using Lipofectamine Transfection Reagent, the Strings DNA format was transfected with Lipofectamine Transfection Reagent, and the IVT grna format was delivered using Lipofectamine MessengerMAX Reagent. At hours posttransfection, cells were harvested and genome-editing efficiency was quantified using the GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit (Cat. No. A). The cleavage products are indicated with arrowheads. Figure. The GeneArt CRISPR System can be used in a broad range of hosts. Gene editing results are shown for the ROSA and NANOG loci in mouse Neuro A cells. Cells were transfected in a -well plate format. Cells were harvested hours posttransfection, and genome editing efficiency was assessed using the GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit. The cleavage products are indicated with arrowheads.

4 Generation of transgenic model systems Cas mrna can be used with more than one GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA for multiplexed genome editing approaches, which allows for reduced hands-on time and a simplified workflow (Figure ). Up to fragments can be simultaneously transfected in a single well and the cleavage efficiency of multiple genes can be assessed (Figure ). Use this approach to determine which grna sequence works best for a particular target or edit multiple genomic loci with one transfection. GeneArt CRISPR GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA targeting different genes + Other potential applications of Cas mrna and IVT grna include generation of transgenic model systems (Figure ). Without promoter constraints, gene editing can be performed in a broader range of cell types. Figure demonstrates highly efficient genome editing using a complete RNA format. While we haven t tested GeneArt CRISPR in microinjections or other types of in vivo delivery for generation of transgenic model systems, a significant number of articles show this approach is feasible in a wide variety of organisms including mouse, zebrafish, and Drosophila. Figure. Multiplex-capable system minimizes hands-on time and simplifies the workflow. Simultaneously transfect up to GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA fragments in a single well and assess the cleavage efficiency of multiple genes simultaneously. Cas mrna can be used in multiplexing approaches with more than one GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA. Use this approach to determine which grna sequence works best for a particular target or edit multiple genomic loci with one transfection. GeneArt CRISPR Cotransfect Triple-targeted clone Blastocyst Figure Mutant mouse Figure. Multiplexed genome editing using Cas mrna and in vitro transcribed grna for microinjection. Other potential applications of FigureCas mrna include generation of transgenic model systems. Here is a workflow for using GeneArt CRISPR in microinjection or other in vivo mediated delivery into hosts for transgenic model system generation. This system reduces the protocol time significantly; traditional methods take months or more, whereas using this CRISPRCas system takes only weeks. Cleavage efficiency: % % % % % % % % % % Target Target Control (IVT grna only) Control (IVT grna only) bp bp Embryo transfer Zygote Genotype Pick clone Microinjection + IVT grnas targeting different genes Multiplexing with reduced hands-on time and a simplified workflow Figure. Highly efficient multiplexed genome editing using GeneArt CRISPR mrna System. Genome-editing efficiency is shown for FigureNuclease cells transfected with the GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector (all-in-one plasmid) or GeneArt CRISPR (Cas mrna) and IVT grna generated from GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA. We also observed -specific cleavage in all the samples cotransfected with Cas mrna and IVT grna targeting in either single or multiplex format (data not shown). Cells were harvested hours posttransfection and genome editing efficiency was assessed using the GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit. The cleavage products are indicated with arrowheads. A Control (Cas mrna only) Control (Cas mrna only) Control (Cas mrna only) Figure. Multiplexed genome editing using GeneArt CRISPR and GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA. Genome-editing efficiency is shown for FT cells transfected with the GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector (all-in-one plasmid) or GeneArt CRISPR (Cas mrna) and GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA. The genes targeted in this experiment are,, and. Cells were transfected with fragments Figure one gene or multiple genes simultaneously. targeting either

5 For microinjection experiments and mouse model generation, we recommend testing at least grnas and validating the grnas in the cell line of choice. Using GeneArt CRISPR Strings DNA allows you to simultaneously screen multiple grnas in a single transfection. Following validation, you can clone the sequence encoding your grna into an expression plasmid and make IVT grna from sequence-verified plasmids. See the user manual for detailed instructions on generating synthetic PCR templates from grna expression plasmids. Conclusions With the GeneArt CRISPR System, you can efficiently and conveniently modify your target genomic sequence of interest. To circumvent promoter-associated constraints and avoid random DNA integration, choose our complete RNA format with Cas mrna and in vitro transcribed grna. High transfection efficiency and highly efficient genome editing across a broad range of cell types can be achieved when the GeneArt CRISPR System is combined with our optimized transfection reagents. The solutions described here address both small- and large-scale cell engineering needs in a variety of cell lines and in other potential model systems. Ordering information Product Quantity Cat. No. GeneArt CRISPR System GeneArt CRISPR μg A GeneArt CRISPR U Strings DNA ng Contact GeneArtSupport@lifetech.com GeneArt CRISPR T Strings DNA ng Contact GeneArtSupport@lifetech.com Custom in vitro transcribed grna Contact customservices@lifetech.com GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vectors GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector with OFP Reporter Kit reactions A GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector with CD Enrichment Kit reactions A GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector with CD Enrichment Kit (with competent cells) GeneArt CRISPR Nuclease Vector with OFP Reporter Kit (with competent cells) Related products reactions A reactions A GeneArt Genomic Cleavage Detection Kit reactions A Lipofectamine MessengerMax Transfection Reagent. ml LMRNA Lipofectamine Transfection Reagent. ml Lipofectamine Transfection Reagent. ml L MEGAshortscript T Transcription Kit reactions AM MEGAclear Transcription Clean-Up Kit reactions AM Find out more at lifetechnologies.com/crisprmrna For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified. CO

Design high specificity CRISPR-Cas9 grnas: principles and tools. Heidi Huang, PhD

Design high specificity CRISPR-Cas9 grnas: principles and tools. Heidi Huang, PhD Design high specificity CRISPR-Cas9 grnas: principles and tools Heidi Huang, PhD Webinar Agenda 1 2 3 4 Introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 grna Design Resources and Services Q&A 2 What is CRISPR? CRISPR Clustered

More information

Genome Editing TOOLS TO SUPPORT CRISPR/CAS9 APPLICATIONS

Genome Editing TOOLS TO SUPPORT CRISPR/CAS9 APPLICATIONS Genome Editing TOOLS TO SUPPORT CRISPR/CAS9 APPLICATIONS Genome Editing: Tools to Support CRISPR/Cas9 Applications Genome editing is enabled by the development of tools to make precise, targeted changes

More information

GeneCopoeia Genome Editing Tools for Safe Harbor Integration in. Mice and Humans. Ed Davis, Liuqing Qian, Ruiqing li, Junsheng Zhou, and Jinkuo Zhang

GeneCopoeia Genome Editing Tools for Safe Harbor Integration in. Mice and Humans. Ed Davis, Liuqing Qian, Ruiqing li, Junsheng Zhou, and Jinkuo Zhang G e n e C o p o eia TM Expressway to Discovery APPLICATION NOTE Introduction GeneCopoeia Genome Editing Tools for Safe Harbor Integration in Mice and Humans Ed Davis, Liuqing Qian, Ruiqing li, Junsheng

More information

Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis Kit User Manual

Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis Kit User Manual User Manual Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis Kit User Manual United States/Canada 800.662.2566 Asia Pacific +1.650.919.7300 Europe +33.(0)1.3904.6880 Japan +81.(0)77.543.6116 Clontech Laboratories, Inc.

More information

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Chapter 18 Lecture Objectives What Is Recombinant DNA? How Are New Genes Inserted into Cells? What Sources of DNA Are Used in Cloning? What Other Tools Are Used to Study

More information

Transfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells.

Transfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells. Transfection Key words: Transient transfection, Stable transfection, transfection methods, vector, plasmid, origin of replication, reporter gene/ protein, cloning site, promoter and enhancer, signal peptide,

More information

pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing

pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing Tagging HSP60 with HA tag genome editing The latest tool in genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 allows for specific genome disruption and replacement in a flexible

More information

CHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY YEAR III PHARM.D DR. V. CHITRA

CHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY YEAR III PHARM.D DR. V. CHITRA CHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY YEAR III PHARM.D DR. V. CHITRA INTRODUCTION DNA : DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid. It is made up of a base consisting of sugar, phosphate and one nitrogen base.the

More information

restriction enzymes 350 Home R. Ward: Spring 2001

restriction enzymes 350 Home R. Ward: Spring 2001 restriction enzymes 350 Home Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases): molecular scissors that cut DNA Properties of widely used Type II restriction enzymes: recognize a single sequence of bases in dsdna, usually

More information

Site-Directed Nucleases and Cisgenesis Maria Fedorova, Ph.D.

Site-Directed Nucleases and Cisgenesis Maria Fedorova, Ph.D. Site-Directed Nucleases and Cisgenesis Maria Fedorova, Ph.D. Regulatory Strategy Lead Enabling Technologies DuPont-Pioneer, USA 1 New Plant Breeding Techniques 2007 New Techniques Working Group established

More information

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE Q5B

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE Q5B INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE ICH HARMONISED TRIPARTITE GUIDELINE QUALITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS

More information

Recombinant DNA & Genetic Engineering. Tools for Genetic Manipulation

Recombinant DNA & Genetic Engineering. Tools for Genetic Manipulation Recombinant DNA & Genetic Engineering g Genetic Manipulation: Tools Kathleen Hill Associate Professor Department of Biology The University of Western Ontario Tools for Genetic Manipulation DNA, RNA, cdna

More information

European Medicines Agency

European Medicines Agency European Medicines Agency July 1996 CPMP/ICH/139/95 ICH Topic Q 5 B Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the Expression Construct in Cell Lines Used for Production of r-dna Derived Protein

More information

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA (Chapter 9) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA (Chapter 9) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA (Chapter 9) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Source for figures and content: Eastern Campus Tortora, G.J. Microbiology

More information

HiPer RT-PCR Teaching Kit

HiPer RT-PCR Teaching Kit HiPer RT-PCR Teaching Kit Product Code: HTBM024 Number of experiments that can be performed: 5 Duration of Experiment: Protocol: 4 hours Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: 45 minutes Storage Instructions: The

More information

Gene Expression Assays

Gene Expression Assays APPLICATION NOTE TaqMan Gene Expression Assays A mpl i fic ationef ficienc yof TaqMan Gene Expression Assays Assays tested extensively for qpcr efficiency Key factors that affect efficiency Efficiency

More information

Innate Immunity. Insects rely solely on an innate immune system for defense against infection

Innate Immunity. Insects rely solely on an innate immune system for defense against infection Innate Immunity Insects rely solely on an innate immune system for defense against infection The importance of mammalian innate immunity has only recently become appreciated The innate immune response

More information

STOP. Before using this product, please read the Limited Use License statement below:

STOP. Before using this product, please read the Limited Use License statement below: STOP Before using this product, please read the Limited Use License statement below: Important Limited Use License information for pdrive5lucia-rgfap The purchase of the pdrive5lucia-rgfap vector conveys

More information

Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis and SYBR qrt-pcr

Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis and SYBR qrt-pcr User Manual Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis and SYBR qrt-pcr User Manual United States/Canada 800.662.2566 Asia Pacific +1.650.919.7300 Europe +33.(0)1.3904.6880 Japan +81.(0)77.543.6116 Clontech Laboratories,

More information

HCS604.03 Exercise 1 Dr. Jones Spring 2005. Recombinant DNA (Molecular Cloning) exercise:

HCS604.03 Exercise 1 Dr. Jones Spring 2005. Recombinant DNA (Molecular Cloning) exercise: HCS604.03 Exercise 1 Dr. Jones Spring 2005 Recombinant DNA (Molecular Cloning) exercise: The purpose of this exercise is to learn techniques used to create recombinant DNA or clone genes. You will clone

More information

Protein Expression. A Practical Approach J. HIGGIN S

Protein Expression. A Practical Approach J. HIGGIN S Protein Expression A Practical Approach S. J. HIGGIN S B. D. HAMES List of contributors Abbreviations xv Xvi i 1. Protein expression in mammalian cell s Marlies Otter-Nilsson and Tommy Nilsso n 1. Introduction

More information

Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach

Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach Recombineering protocol #4 Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach Søren Warming, Ph.D. The purpose of this protocol is to help you in the gene targeting vector design

More information

Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Technology Dates in the Development of Gene Cloning: 1965 - plasmids 1967 - ligase 1970 - restriction endonucleases 1972 - first experiments in gene splicing 1974 - worldwide moratorium

More information

DNA Fingerprinting. Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA

DNA Fingerprinting. Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA Fingerprinting Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA fingerprinting The name used for the unambiguous identifying technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequence

More information

Translation Study Guide

Translation Study Guide Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mrna to

More information

2. True or False? The sequence of nucleotides in the human genome is 90.9% identical from one person to the next. False (it s 99.

2. True or False? The sequence of nucleotides in the human genome is 90.9% identical from one person to the next. False (it s 99. 1. True or False? A typical chromosome can contain several hundred to several thousand genes, arranged in linear order along the DNA molecule present in the chromosome. True 2. True or False? The sequence

More information

The world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly

The world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly The world of non-coding RNA Espen Enerly ncrna in general Different groups Small RNAs Outline mirnas and sirnas Speculations Common for all ncrna Per def.: never translated Not spurious transcripts Always/often

More information

CCR Biology - Chapter 9 Practice Test - Summer 2012

CCR Biology - Chapter 9 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Name: Class: Date: CCR Biology - Chapter 9 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Genetic engineering is possible

More information

OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation

OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation -Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research project Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research

More information

mirnaselect pep-mir Cloning and Expression Vector

mirnaselect pep-mir Cloning and Expression Vector Product Data Sheet mirnaselect pep-mir Cloning and Expression Vector CATALOG NUMBER: MIR-EXP-C STORAGE: -80ºC QUANTITY: 2 vectors; each contains 100 µl of bacterial glycerol stock Components 1. mirnaselect

More information

Transcription in prokaryotes. Elongation and termination

Transcription in prokaryotes. Elongation and termination Transcription in prokaryotes Elongation and termination After initiation the σ factor leaves the scene. Core polymerase is conducting the elongation of the chain. The core polymerase contains main nucleotide

More information

PreciseTM Whitepaper

PreciseTM Whitepaper Precise TM Whitepaper Introduction LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING RNA-SEQ METHODS Correctly designed gene expression studies require large numbers of samples, accurate results and low analysis costs. Analysis

More information

First Strand cdna Synthesis

First Strand cdna Synthesis 380PR 01 G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name First Strand cdna Synthesis (Cat. # 786 812) think proteins! think G-Biosciences

More information

Thermo Scientific DyNAmo cdna Synthesis Kit for qrt-pcr Technical Manual

Thermo Scientific DyNAmo cdna Synthesis Kit for qrt-pcr Technical Manual Thermo Scientific DyNAmo cdna Synthesis Kit for qrt-pcr Technical Manual F- 470S 20 cdna synthesis reactions (20 µl each) F- 470L 100 cdna synthesis reactions (20 µl each) Table of contents 1. Description...

More information

HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies

HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies in just 8 Weeks PROVEN, HIGHLY SPECIFIC, HIGH AFFINITY ANTIBODIES IN 8 WEEKS WITHOUT HuCAL PLATINUM IMMUNIZATION (Human Combinatorial

More information

Lezioni Dipartimento di Oncologia Farmacologia Molecolare. RNA interference. Giovanna Damia 29 maggio 2006

Lezioni Dipartimento di Oncologia Farmacologia Molecolare. RNA interference. Giovanna Damia 29 maggio 2006 Lezioni Dipartimento di Oncologia Farmacologia Molecolare RNA interference Giovanna Damia 29 maggio 2006 RNA INTERFERENCE Sequence-specific gene suppression by dsrnas Gene silencing by dsrna: C. elegans

More information

BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System Free your hands with the BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System

BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System Free your hands with the BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System Free your hands with the BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System The BaculoDirect Baculovirus Expression System gives you: Unique speed and simplicity High-throughput

More information

Essentials of Real Time PCR. About Sequence Detection Chemistries

Essentials of Real Time PCR. About Sequence Detection Chemistries Essentials of Real Time PCR About Real-Time PCR Assays Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the ability to monitor the progress of the PCR as it occurs (i.e., in real time). Data is therefore collected

More information

Reverse Transcription System

Reverse Transcription System TECHNICAL BULLETIN Reverse Transcription System Instruc ons for use of Product A3500 Revised 1/14 TB099 Reverse Transcription System All technical literature is available on the Internet at: www.promega.com/protocols/

More information

Structure and Function of DNA

Structure and Function of DNA Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four

More information

Forensic DNA Testing Terminology

Forensic DNA Testing Terminology Forensic DNA Testing Terminology ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer a capillary electrophoresis instrument used by forensic DNA laboratories to separate short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the basis of their size.

More information

Description: Molecular Biology Services and DNA Sequencing

Description: Molecular Biology Services and DNA Sequencing Description: Molecular Biology s and DNA Sequencing DNA Sequencing s Single Pass Sequencing Sequence data only, for plasmids or PCR products Plasmid DNA or PCR products Plasmid DNA: 20 100 ng/μl PCR Product:

More information

RNA & Protein Synthesis

RNA & Protein Synthesis RNA & Protein Synthesis Genes send messages to cellular machinery RNA Plays a major role in process Process has three phases (Genetic) Transcription (Genetic) Translation Protein Synthesis RNA Synthesis

More information

Current Motif Discovery Tools and their Limitations

Current Motif Discovery Tools and their Limitations Current Motif Discovery Tools and their Limitations Philipp Bucher SIB / CIG Workshop 3 October 2006 Trendy Concepts and Hypotheses Transcription regulatory elements act in a context-dependent manner.

More information

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW. Our business segments. (ii) Global drug development service market Preclinical drug development services

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW. Our business segments. (ii) Global drug development service market Preclinical drug development services The information and statistics set out in this section and other sections of this document were extracted from different official government publications, available sources from public market research

More information

Table of Contents. I. Description... 2. II. Kit Components... 2. III. Storage... 2. IV. 1st Strand cdna Synthesis Reaction... 3

Table of Contents. I. Description... 2. II. Kit Components... 2. III. Storage... 2. IV. 1st Strand cdna Synthesis Reaction... 3 Table of Contents I. Description... 2 II. Kit Components... 2 III. Storage... 2 IV. 1st Strand cdna Synthesis Reaction... 3 V. RT-PCR, Real-time RT-PCR... 4 VI. Application... 5 VII. Preparation of RNA

More information

Improved methods for site-directed mutagenesis using Gibson Assembly TM Master Mix

Improved methods for site-directed mutagenesis using Gibson Assembly TM Master Mix CLONING & MAPPING DNA CLONING DNA AMPLIFICATION & PCR EPIGENETICS RNA ANALYSIS Improved methods for site-directed mutagenesis using Gibson Assembly TM Master Mix LIBRARY PREP FOR NET GEN SEQUENCING PROTEIN

More information

Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 30 UTRs by comparison of several mammals

Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 30 UTRs by comparison of several mammals Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 30 UTRs by comparison of several mammals Xiaohui Xie 1, Jun Lu 1, E. J. Kulbokas 1, Todd R. Golub 1, Vamsi Mootha 1, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh

More information

TransIT -2020 Transfection Reagent

TransIT -2020 Transfection Reagent Quick Reference Protocol, MSDS and Certificate of Analysis available at mirusbio.com/5400 INTRODUCTION TransIT -2020 Transfection Reagent is a high-performance, animal-origin free, broad spectrum reagent

More information

ab185916 Hi-Fi cdna Synthesis Kit

ab185916 Hi-Fi cdna Synthesis Kit ab185916 Hi-Fi cdna Synthesis Kit Instructions for Use For cdna synthesis from various RNA samples This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. Version 1 Last Updated 1

More information

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1 So, what is biotechnology?? The use of living organisms to carry out defined chemical processes for industrial or commercial application. The office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress defines

More information

KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service

KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service 1. Polyclonal Antibody Development Service KMS offering a variety of Polyclonal Antibody Services to fit your research and production needs. we develop polyclonal

More information

CompleteⅡ 1st strand cdna Synthesis Kit

CompleteⅡ 1st strand cdna Synthesis Kit Instruction Manual CompleteⅡ 1st strand cdna Synthesis Kit Catalog # GM30401, GM30402 Green Mountain Biosystems. LLC Web: www.greenmountainbio.com Tel: 800-942-1160 Sales: Sales@ greenmountainbio.com Support:

More information

Creating Standard Curves with Genomic DNA or Plasmid DNA Templates for Use in Quantitative PCR

Creating Standard Curves with Genomic DNA or Plasmid DNA Templates for Use in Quantitative PCR Creating Standard Curves with Genomic DNA or Plasmid DNA Templates for Use in Quantitative PCR Overview Genomic DNA (gdna) and plasmids containing cloned target sequences are commonly used as standards

More information

2.1.2 Characterization of antiviral effect of cytokine expression on HBV replication in transduced mouse hepatocytes line

2.1.2 Characterization of antiviral effect of cytokine expression on HBV replication in transduced mouse hepatocytes line i 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 1 1.1.1 Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B 1 1.1.2 Genome organization of HBV 3 1.1.3 Structure of HBV virion 5 1.1.4 HBV life cycle 5 1.1.5 Experimental models

More information

Introduction To Real Time Quantitative PCR (qpcr)

Introduction To Real Time Quantitative PCR (qpcr) Introduction To Real Time Quantitative PCR (qpcr) SABiosciences, A QIAGEN Company www.sabiosciences.com The Seminar Topics The advantages of qpcr versus conventional PCR Work flow & applications Factors

More information

Just the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources

Just the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources 1 of 8 11/7/2004 11:00 AM National Center for Biotechnology Information About NCBI NCBI at a Glance A Science Primer Human Genome Resources Model Organisms Guide Outreach and Education Databases and Tools

More information

Application Guide... 2

Application Guide... 2 Protocol for GenomePlex Whole Genome Amplification from Formalin-Fixed Parrafin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue Application Guide... 2 I. Description... 2 II. Product Components... 2 III. Materials to be Supplied

More information

BacReady TM Multiplex PCR System

BacReady TM Multiplex PCR System BacReady TM Multiplex PCR System Technical Manual No. 0191 Version 10112010 I Description.. 1 II Applications 2 III Key Features.. 2 IV Shipping and Storage. 2 V Simplified Procedures. 2 VI Detailed Experimental

More information

Genomic DNA Clean & Concentrator Catalog Nos. D4010 & D4011

Genomic DNA Clean & Concentrator Catalog Nos. D4010 & D4011 Page 0 INSTRUCTION MANUAL Catalog Nos. D4010 & D4011 Highlights Quick (5 minute) spin column recovery of large-sized DNA (e.g., genomic, mitochondrial, plasmid (BAC/PAC), viral, phage, (wga)dna, etc.)

More information

Central Dogma. Lecture 10. Discussing DNA replication. DNA Replication. DNA mutation and repair. Transcription

Central Dogma. Lecture 10. Discussing DNA replication. DNA Replication. DNA mutation and repair. Transcription Central Dogma transcription translation DNA RNA Protein replication Discussing DNA replication (Nucleus of eukaryote, cytoplasm of prokaryote) Recall Replication is semi-conservative and bidirectional

More information

LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System

LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System Constructs, Assays & Services Assay System Promoter GoClones Synthetic Response Elements Pathway Cell Lines 3 UTR GoClones mirna Mimics & Inhibitors Synthetic mirna Targets Transfection Reagents Assay

More information

A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang

A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang Gung University, Kwei San, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan

More information

TruSeq Custom Amplicon v1.5

TruSeq Custom Amplicon v1.5 Data Sheet: Targeted Resequencing TruSeq Custom Amplicon v1.5 A new and improved amplicon sequencing solution for interrogating custom regions of interest. Highlights Figure 1: TruSeq Custom Amplicon Workflow

More information

Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005. Lectures 1 2

Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005. Lectures 1 2 Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005 Lectures 1 2 Lecture 1 We will begin this course with the question: What is a gene? This question will take us four lectures to answer because there are actually several

More information

Chapter 5: Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes

Chapter 5: Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes Chapter 5: Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes I. Genetic Model Compatible with Ig Structure A. Two models for Ab structure diversity 1. Germ-line theory: maintained that the genome contributed

More information

Biotechnology: DNA Technology & Genomics

Biotechnology: DNA Technology & Genomics Chapter 20. Biotechnology: DNA Technology & Genomics 2003-2004 The BIG Questions How can we use our knowledge of DNA to: diagnose disease or defect? cure disease or defect? change/improve organisms? What

More information

Transcription and Translation of DNA

Transcription and Translation of DNA Transcription and Translation of DNA Genotype our genetic constitution ( makeup) is determined (controlled) by the sequence of bases in its genes Phenotype determined by the proteins synthesised when genes

More information

Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum. Websites and Other Resources

Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum. Websites and Other Resources Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum Websites and Other Resources Chapter 1 - The Molecular Basis of Cancer 1. Inside Cancer http://www.insidecancer.org/ From the Dolan DNA Learning Center Cold

More information

Real-Time PCR Vs. Traditional PCR

Real-Time PCR Vs. Traditional PCR Real-Time PCR Vs. Traditional PCR Description This tutorial will discuss the evolution of traditional PCR methods towards the use of Real-Time chemistry and instrumentation for accurate quantitation. Objectives

More information

Genomics Services @ GENterprise

Genomics Services @ GENterprise Genomics Services @ GENterprise since 1998 Mainz University spin-off privately financed 6-10 employees since 2006 Genomics Services @ GENterprise Sequencing Service (Sanger/3730, 454) Genome Projects (Bacteria,

More information

HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies

HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies HuCAL Custom Monoclonal HuCAL Custom Monoclonal Antibodies Highly Specific, Recombinant Antibodies in 8 Weeks Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies in Just 8 Weeks HuCAL PLATINUM (Human Combinatorial Antibody

More information

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - An individual s characteristics are determines by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. - During gamete formation, the alleles for

More information

The Thermo Scientific KingFisher Family

The Thermo Scientific KingFisher Family The Thermo Scientific KingFisher Family Accelerate your genomics and proteomics throughput with the Thermo Scientific KingFisher purification systems Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific The Thermo Scientific

More information

Lecture 13: DNA Technology. DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing Genetic Markers - RFLPs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of biotechnology

Lecture 13: DNA Technology. DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing Genetic Markers - RFLPs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of biotechnology Lecture 13: DNA Technology DNA Sequencing Genetic Markers - RFLPs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of biotechnology DNA Sequencing determine order of nucleotides in a strand of DNA > bases = A,

More information

Control of Gene Expression

Control of Gene Expression Control of Gene Expression What is Gene Expression? Gene expression is the process by which informa9on from a gene is used in the synthesis of a func9onal gene product. What is Gene Expression? Figure

More information

岑 祥 股 份 有 限 公 司 技 術 專 員 費 軫 尹 20100803

岑 祥 股 份 有 限 公 司 技 術 專 員 費 軫 尹 20100803 技 術 專 員 費 軫 尹 20100803 Overview of presentation Basic Biology of RNA interference Application of sirna for gene function? How to study mirna? How to deliver sirna and mirna? New prospects on RNAi research

More information

Genetics Test Biology I

Genetics Test Biology I Genetics Test Biology I Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Avery s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by a. RNA. c. proteins.

More information

MAB Solut. MABSolys Génopole Campus 1 5 rue Henri Desbruères 91030 Evry Cedex. www.mabsolut.com. is involved at each stage of your project

MAB Solut. MABSolys Génopole Campus 1 5 rue Henri Desbruères 91030 Evry Cedex. www.mabsolut.com. is involved at each stage of your project Mabsolus-2015-UK:Mise en page 1 03/07/15 14:13 Page1 Services provider Department of MABSolys from conception to validation MAB Solut is involved at each stage of your project Creation of antibodies Production

More information

FAQs: Gene drives - - What is a gene drive?

FAQs: Gene drives - - What is a gene drive? FAQs: Gene drives - - What is a gene drive? During normal sexual reproduction, each of the two versions of a given gene has a 50 percent chance of being inherited by a particular offspring (Fig 1A). Gene

More information

Answer Key Problem Set 5

Answer Key Problem Set 5 7.03 Fall 2003 1 of 6 1. a) Genetic properties of gln2- and gln 3-: Answer Key Problem Set 5 Both are uninducible, as they give decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Both are recessive, as mating

More information

4. DNA replication Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true?

4. DNA replication Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true? Chapter 25 DNA Metabolism Multiple Choice Questions 1. DNA replication Page: 977 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C The Meselson-Stahl experiment established that: A) DNA polymerase has a crucial role in DNA synthesis.

More information

Trasposable elements: P elements

Trasposable elements: P elements Trasposable elements: P elements In 1938 Marcus Rhodes provided the first genetic description of an unstable mutation, an allele of a gene required for the production of pigment in maize. This instability

More information

Thermo Scientific Dharmacon sirna Libraries

Thermo Scientific Dharmacon sirna Libraries Thermo Scientific Dharmacon sirna Libraries Scientific innovation in sirna potency, specificity and delivery Superior sirna in comprehensive collections for reliable screens Market leading products for

More information

Accelerated genome engineering through multiplexing

Accelerated genome engineering through multiplexing Accelerated genome engineering through multiplexing Zehua Bao, 1 Ryan E. Cobb 2 and Huimin Zhao 1,2,3,4,5 * Throughout the biological sciences, the past 15 years have seen a push toward the analysis and

More information

TOOLS sirna and mirna. User guide

TOOLS sirna and mirna. User guide TOOLS sirna and mirna User guide Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for suppression gene expression by causing the destruction of specific mrna molecules. Small Interfering RNAs (sirnas)

More information

Gene Models & Bed format: What they represent.

Gene Models & Bed format: What they represent. GeneModels&Bedformat:Whattheyrepresent. Gene models are hypotheses about the structure of transcripts produced by a gene. Like all models, they may be correct, partly correct, or entirely wrong. Typically,

More information

博 士 論 文 ( 要 約 ) A study on enzymatic synthesis of. stable cyclized peptides which. inhibit protein-protein interactions

博 士 論 文 ( 要 約 ) A study on enzymatic synthesis of. stable cyclized peptides which. inhibit protein-protein interactions 博 士 論 文 ( 要 約 ) 論 文 題 目 A study on enzymatic synthesis of stable cyclized peptides which inhibit protein-protein interactions ( 蛋 白 質 間 相 互 作 用 を 阻 害 する 安 定 な 環 状 化 ペプチドの 酵 素 合 成 に 関 する 研 究 ) 氏 名 張 静 1

More information

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Lineage Markers Lineage markers are passed down from generation to generation without changing Except for rare mutation events They can help determine the lineage (family tree)

More information

Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.

Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu. Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.au What is Gene Expression & Gene Regulation? 1. Gene Expression

More information

CUSTOM ANTIBODIES. Fully customised services: rat and murine monoclonals, rat and rabbit polyclonals, antibody characterisation, antigen preparation

CUSTOM ANTIBODIES. Fully customised services: rat and murine monoclonals, rat and rabbit polyclonals, antibody characterisation, antigen preparation CUSTOM ANTIBODIES Highly competitive pricing without compromising quality. Rat monoclonal antibodies for the study of gene expression and proteomics in mice and in mouse models of human diseases available.

More information

Module 3 Questions. 7. Chemotaxis is an example of signal transduction. Explain, with the use of diagrams.

Module 3 Questions. 7. Chemotaxis is an example of signal transduction. Explain, with the use of diagrams. Module 3 Questions Section 1. Essay and Short Answers. Use diagrams wherever possible 1. With the use of a diagram, provide an overview of the general regulation strategies available to a bacterial cell.

More information

MicroRNA formation. 4th International Symposium on Non-Surgical Contraceptive Methods of Pet Population Control

MicroRNA formation. 4th International Symposium on Non-Surgical Contraceptive Methods of Pet Population Control MicroRNA formation mirna s are processed from several precursor stages Mammalian genomes seem to have 100 s of mirna s Nucleotides in positions 2-8 of an mirna are considered the mirna seed 5 Methyl-G

More information

Protocol. Introduction to TaqMan and SYBR Green Chemistries for Real-Time PCR

Protocol. Introduction to TaqMan and SYBR Green Chemistries for Real-Time PCR Protocol Introduction to TaqMan and SYBR Green Chemistries for Real-Time PCR Copyright 2008, 2010 Applied Biosystems. All rights reserved. Ambion and Applied Biosystems products are for Research Use Only.

More information

G E N OM I C S S E RV I C ES

G E N OM I C S S E RV I C ES GENOMICS SERVICES THE NEW YORK GENOME CENTER NYGC is an independent non-profit implementing advanced genomic research to improve diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases. capabilities. N E X T- G E

More information

Next Generation Sequencing

Next Generation Sequencing Next Generation Sequencing Technology and applications 10/1/2015 Jeroen Van Houdt - Genomics Core - KU Leuven - UZ Leuven 1 Landmarks in DNA sequencing 1953 Discovery of DNA double helix structure 1977

More information

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Mendel and The Idea of Gene What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a molecule of DNA 50% 50% 1. True 2. False True False Protein

More information

How To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated

How To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated What makes cells different from each other? How do cells respond to information from environment? Regulation of: - Transcription - prokaryotes - eukaryotes - mrna splicing - mrna localisation and translation

More information

RNA: Transcription and Processing

RNA: Transcription and Processing 8 RNA: Transcription and Processing WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions? The arrows for genes 1 and 2 indicate the direction

More information

IMBB 2013. Genomic DNA purifica8on

IMBB 2013. Genomic DNA purifica8on IMBB 2013 Genomic DNA purifica8on Why purify DNA? The purpose of DNA purifica8on from the cell/8ssue is to ensure it performs well in subsequent downstream applica8ons, e.g. Polymerase Chain Reac8on (PCR),

More information