TEACHING SPEAKING USING LIMERICK AT THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP BUDI LUHUR CIMAHI

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1 TEACHING SPEAKING USING LIMERICK AT THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP BUDI LUHUR CIMAHI Agri Alfani English Education Study Program Language and Arts Department Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Siliwangi Bandung ABSTRACT The objective of this research entitled Teaching Speaking Using Limerick at the First Grade Students of SMP Budi Luhur Cimahi was to find out the effectiveness of using limerick in teaching speaking This research used one group pre test post test design and quantitative method The instrument was oral test The population of this research was 25 of the first grade student of SMP Budi Luhur Cimahi, and the sample was entire population The results of the data analysis showed that: the mean score of pre test was 61, the mean score of post test was 7128, t obs was 1631, and t table with degrees of freedom (df) 24 and level of significance at 5 % (005) was 171 Based on data analysis the alternative hypothesis was accepted because t obs was higher than t table (1631>171) It also meant that Teaching Speaking Using Limerick at the First Grade Students of SMP Budi Luhur Cimahi was effective to improve students speaking ability Keyword: Teaching, Speaking, Limerick A BACKGROUND English as an international language which plays the important role in human civilization, because the most important transfer among people from different nation delivered in English language So if a person cannot speak English he would find difficulty to convey or accept information In order to solve these kinds of problems people should learn English English is the first foreign language in Indonesia, which is considered very important to develop and absorb science, technology, art, and culture, and also to create relationship among countries in the world, it is taught formally from elementary school to universities Studying English is very important for students because the curriculum encourages the students to learn English as early as possible Without English, students cannot learn anything, and the students must be taught how to speak and write in English Then, by studying English, the students can communicate with other people in the international world The problem of students when studying English are: 1 The students are difficult to remember new vocabularies in English 2 It is difficult for student to pronounce the words well 3 The students are less interested in English Why the writer is interested in limerick used for helping students to improve their speaking ability As we know limerick is children poem which is humorous or funny It is a short poem, and students can learn vocabulary and then they can answer the question in English based on this reason, the writer proposes the research paper entitled the effectiveness of limerick for improving student speaking ability at the first grade student of SMP Budi Luhur Cimahi Based on the problem, the writer would like to apply limerick for improving students speaking ability B THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 1 Teaching Teaching is process of communicating a subject or a lesson The teaching problem is actual problem that is always followed by any teacher The main factor that influences the student s achievement is the way of the teacher to teach the subject or lesson to their students According to Brown (2001:7) Teaching maybe defined as showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving acknowledge causing to know understand In another part, Gage in Brown (1994:7) also says that the teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn setting the conditions for learning 1

2 2 2 Speaking According to Fulcher, (2003:23 Speaking is verbal use of language to communicate with others and According to Mulgrave in Tarigan (1990:15) speaking is one instrument to communicate the ideas which formed and develop in appropriate to speaker and listener Based on the statement above, the writer can see that the function of speaking is an instrument of communication around the world Another expert, McArthur (1992:571) language refers to a human system of communication which uses structured vocal sounds and can be embodied in other media such as writing, print and physical signs a Components of Speaking Speaking is making use words in an ordinary voice, uttering words, knowing and being able to use language; expressing one in words; making speech Generally, there are four components of speaking skill concerned They are: comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency (Hornby, 2000:826) In this reseach paper the writer focusses on some components of speaking, they are: pronunciation, fluency and vocabulary b The Nature of Teaching Speaking Many of Indonesian learners find difficulties in acquiring the oral English language since most problems are caused by differently elements found between the two languages, (Ramealan 1992:5) 1) The Characteristic of Spoken Language Brown (2001:271) stated that The Characteristic of Spoken Language is summarized as follows: - Clustering - Redundancy - Reduced form - Performance variable - Colloquial language - Rate of delivery - Stress, rhythm, and intonation - Interaction 2) Categories of Oral Production Brown (2001:273) Also commended six categories of oral production that students are expected to carry out in the classroom, ie: imitative, intensive, responsive, transactional (dialogue), interpersonal (dialogue), extensive (monologue) 3 The Importance of studying literature Literature promotes good values According to Purves et al (1990) in Yuliana (2011) the functions of language and literature teaching at school are: - to bring students into a broader culture - to enable students to read, to write, to speak and to love writing the literary appreciation - to improve development of individuality, and - to promote loyalty, acceptance, and valuing of those works and literature generally a Literature According to the writer s classroom experience when attending the lecture in the class, literature is defined as literature in the broad sense and literature in a narrow sense Literature in a broad sense, it is kind of information that can be read for example advertisement, pamphlet, brochure, and many others Literature in the narrow sense is a piece of writing valued as work of art compared to technical language Baldick (2001:142) stated that: Literature, a body of written works related by subject-matter (eg the literature of computing), by language or place of origin (eg Russian literature), or by prevailing cultural standards of merit In this last sense, 'literature' is taken to include oral, dramatic, and broadcast compositions that may not have been published in written form but which have been (or deserve to be) preserved b The Division of Literary Works Peck and Coyle (1989:1) stated that genre means a type or class of literature The main generic division of literary work is into poetry, drama and prose All works of a certain kinds have a great deal in common and are therefore grouped together under board heading Literary works consist of three parts; they are poetry, prose and play or drama Based on explanation above, The writer focuses on limerick as part of poetry 4 The Importance of Studying Poetry a Poetry Poetry is a part of literature It is a literary work which has its special rule, both in written and spoken Peck and Coyle (1989:11) poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling relocated in tranquility Peck and Coyle (1989:11) stated that a poem is a piece of writing in any form which manifests throughout and its unity, the quality of poetry

3 3 b The Nature of Poetry According to the writer s experience when attending the lecture in the class, the nature of poem is invisible elements that are necessary in building poem, encompassing sense, tone, feeling and intention c Kind of Poetry 1) Acrostic Poetry 2) Cinquain 3) Concrete Poetry 4) Couplets 5) Diamond 6) Limericks ( 5 Limerick According to Wikipedia limerick is a funny little poem containing five lines The last words of the first, second and fifth lines rhyme with each other (A) and the last words of the third and fourth lines rhyme with each other so the pattern is AABBA ( Here is an Example of a Limerick There was a young girl a sweat lamb Who smiles as she entered a tram After she has embarked The conductor remarked your fare And she said yes I am From the definitions above, the writer can conclude that limerick is children poem which is humorous or funny and it is a short poem And in this research paper the writer would like to know how effective limerick is used for improving students speaking ability 6 Literature and Teaching of Language Skills According to Hismanoglu (2005:57) these are some main reasons which lead a language teacher to use litereture in the clasroom These are valuable authentic material, culture encriclument and personal involvement Literature plays an important role in teaching four basic language skills like: reading, writing, listening, and speaking However when using literature in language classroom skills should never be taught in isolation but in an integrated way Teacher should try to teach basic language skills as an integral part of oral and written language use, as part of the means for creating both referential and interactional meaning, not merely as an aspect of the oral and written production of words, phrases and sentences C RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1 Research Design This research was conducted by using a preexperimental design McMillan, H and Schumacher (2001:331) explained that: There are three designs included to preexperimental: (a) one-group posttest only; (b) onegroup pretest-posttest; (c) non-equivalent groups posttest only The writer used one group pretestposttest design In this design, a single of subjects was given a pretest (O), then the treatment (X), and then the posttest (O) The pretest and posttest were the same but in the different times And the result was examined the change from the pretest to posttest The design of the research is as follows: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Group Pretest Treatment Posttest A 0 X 0 Time 2 Research Method In this research the writer used the quantitative research where the study designed to test hypotheses through the use of objective instruments and statistical analysis Quantitative research methods are used to examine question that can base the answered by collecting statistically analyzing data that are in numerical form (Crowl, 1996:10) 3 Research Instrument To gain the data the writer used some instruments those were: a Pre-test Pretest was given in the beginning before the treatment to measure students initial speaking knowledge Pretest is in a form written test b Pos -test Post test was given after receiving the treatment to measure students progress in speaking The posttest was carried out to compare whether there was difference between students speaking knowledge before and after they receive treatment The items and procedures of posttest was the same as what was given

4 4 in the pre test The aim was to measure the improvement between the pre test and post test after receiving treatment 4 Population and sample a Population Crowl (1996:8) defines populations as groups consisting of all people to whom researches wish to apply their findings From that definition, this research took the students of SMP Budi Luhur as the population It consists of 25 students of the first grade of SMP Budi Luhur Cimahi b Sample Crowl (1996:8) defines samples as subsets of people used to represant populations The sample of this research was entire population 5 Research Data Collection In collecting data, the writer administrated pretest and posttest Pretest was administrated before students were given treatment And posttest was administrated after students were given treatment to measure students progress in speaking ability 6 Research Data Analysis After collecting the data, the writer analyzed the data In analyzing the data the t-test formula was used for comparing the difference means between pretest and posttest Hatch and Farhady (1982:108) stated that t-test is probably the most widely used Statistical test for the comparison of two means The comparison of them is a proof whether the hypothesis stated by the writer is rejected or accepted In analyzing to collect the data, the writer used t- test formula with significant level at 5 % (Crowl, 1996:179) The following is the formula of the t-test: a) to find out the mean of the score from the test, the writer used the formula as follow: mean the score of the students the totals of the students c) degree of freedom is needed when we want to compare between the obtained t (t obs ) with the table entry for relevant df and level of significance The formula degree of freedom is: Computation was used to test hypothesis of the research The next step was to compare t obs and t critical value at the degree of freedom and the level of significance (0,05) There were two alternatives, alternative hypothesis and null hypothesis If t obs was higher than t critical value, alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected 7 Research Procedure df n-1 The research procedure includes administrating pretest, conducting treatments, and administrating posttest Those procedures were managed into some steps namely administrating pretest, conducting treatment, and administrating posttest a) Administrating Pretest The writer administrated pretest to experimental group Pretest was intended to see the students initially speaking knowledge before treatment b) Conducting Treatment The treatments were conducted by applying what is limerick during learning Particular treatment was given to the experimental group for three meetings The material and activities were set to follow the material schedule of the school c) Administrating Posttest Posttest was conducting after whole treatments had been conducted, on June 2012 It was aimed to find out how effective limerick is used for improving students speaking ability after treatments And it was aimed to measure the influence of the treatment The form numbers of posttest items were similar with pretest b) t-test ( ) ( ) (Crowl, 1996:179)

5 5 D RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION 1 Data of this Research Table 1 Preparation for Finding the Standard Deviation NO NAME PRE TEST X1 POST TEST X2 D D2 1 AU AC DD DR DK EY FS IC IF IM MF NA NA NF RP RI RK RN RI RR SD SD TN TI VM SUM MEA N The last calculation is t-test:, ( ) ( ) ( ) (Crowl, 1996:179) 1631 The degree of freedom is: df N-1 N the number of the students df 25-1 df 24 The critical value of t-table at the 0, 05 level of the significance for this degree of freedom 5 % from 24 was 1, 71 2 Discussion The data analysis shows that: T obs 1631 The t critical value degree of freedom (df) And the level of significance of 24 5 % 171 Based on the data analysis above, the writer concluded that the alternative hypothesis was accepted because the t obs was higher than t-table (1631>17)1 The hypothesis of this research is limerick was effective to be used for improving students speaking ability It showed that the students understanding about limerick influenced the students speaking ability E CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 1 Conclusions Limerick is important for future teacher for improving student speaking ability There are some aspects which are used for giving score in students

6 6 speaking ability; they are pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension Based on the data analysis above, the writer concluded that the alternative hypothesis was accepted because the t - observe was higher (1631) than the t- table (171) It also means that limerick in this research was effective because the students look happy, enthusiastic, and enjoyable when they taught English trough limerick The atmosphere of the class is enjoyable; students have self confidence to speak They are motivated to learn better In order word, limerick is effective used for teach English to improve students speaking ability 2 Suggestions It can be suggested that limerick is the fruitful way for improving student speaking ability which consist of pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension It can help to increase the student s motivation to read literary work especially limerick In addition, the writer would suggest that the other researcher to find out whether or not, limerick can be fruitful used as teaching material to students of first grade of junior high school BIBLIOGRAPHY Baldick, Chris 2001 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms Oxford University Press Brown, H Douglas 2001 Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Prentice Hall Crowl, Thomas K (1996) Fundamentals of Educational Research second edition New York Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc Kimtafsirah, Hand out Foundation of Literature, Poetry, Prose and Play Unpublished STKIP Siliwangi Bandung McArthur, Tom 1992 The Oxford Companion to The English Language Oxford: Oxford University Press McMillan, JH, Schumacher, S2001Research in EducationNew York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc Peck, John And Coyle, Martin1989 Literature terms and Criticism Macmillan Educational LTD Ramelan 1992 Introduction to Linguistic Analysis Semarang IKIP Semarang Tarigan, Henry Guntur 1987 Berbagai Sebagai suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa Bandung : Angkasa Thomas K Crowl (1996) Fundamentals of Educational Research second edition New York Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc Yuliana, Yanti (2011) An Analysis of 18 th Century Poems and 19 th Century Poems Based on Their Figure of Speech Bandung: STKIP Siliwangi Bandung INTERNET SOURCE: Fulcher, G 2003 Testing Second Language Speaking New York: Pearson Hatch and Farhadi, 1982 Reseach Design and Statistic Los Angles : New Burry House Publisher, INC Hismanoglu, Murat 2005 Teaching English through Literature Journal of language and linguistic studies Hornby, A S2000Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary Oxford: Oxford University Press