Tools Hand and Power & Machine Safeguarding. OSHA Office of Training and Education 1

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1 Tools Hand and Power & Machine Safeguarding 1

2 Hazards Power & hand tool hazards: Falling, flying objects Abrasive, splash harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding 2

3 Basic Tool Safety Rules Maintain regularly Use right tool for the job Inspect before use Operate according to manufacturers instructions Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) Use guards 3

4 Hand Tool Hazards Hazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenance Do not use: wrenches when jaws are sprung impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles a screwdriver as a chisel tools with taped handles they may be hiding cracks Crack 4

5 Hand Tools - Protection Use PPE, such as safety goggles and gloves Keep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or slipping hazards Keep cutting tools sharp 5

6 Power Tools Must be fitted with guards and safety switches Extremely hazardous when used improperly Different types, determined by their power source: Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder-actuated 6

7 Switches Hand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following: Constant pressure switch shuts off power upon release Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held power drill On-Off Switch Examples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws, nibblers, scroll saws 7

8 Power Tools - Precautions Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and cleaning, and when changing accessories Keep clear of people not involved with the work Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool Don t hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool Keep tools sharp and clean Consider what you wear loose clothing and jewelry can get caught in moving parts Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: Do Not Use 8

9 Power Tools Precautions Electric Cords Don t carry portable tools by the cord Don t use electric cords to hoist or lower tools Don t yank cord or hose to disconnect it Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges 9

10 Electric Power Tools To protect a worker from shock, these tools must: have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer Double insulated markings Plug with a grounding pin 10

11 Electric Tools Good Practices Operate within design limits Use gloves and safety shoes Store in a dry place Don t use in wet locations unless approved for that Keep work areas well lit Ensure cords don t present a tripping hazard 11

12 Abrasive Wheels and Tools May throw off flying fragments Equip with guards that: Cover the spindle end, nut, & flange projections Maintain proper alignment with the wheel Don t exceed the strength of the fastenings Guard so that a minimal amount of the wheel is exposed 12

13 Guarding Guard exposed moving parts of power tools Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving parts Never remove a guard when a tool is in use 13

14 14 OSHA Office of Training and Requirements for Safeguards Prevent contact - prevent worker s body or clothing from contacting hazardous moving parts Secure - firmly secured to machine and not easily removed Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts Create no new hazards - must not have shear points, jagged edges or unfinished surfaces Create no interference - must not prevent worker from performing the job quickly and comfortably Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate the machine without removing the safeguards

15 Methods of Machine Safeguarding Guards fixed interlocked adjustable self-adjusting Devices presence sensing pullback restraint safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control, etc.) gates 15

16 Guarding - Point of Operation This shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guards The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials It must be guarded 16

17 Guarding Protection Nip Point Machine guards must protect the operator and others from: Point of operation In-running nip points Rotating parts Flying chips and sparks 17

18 Radial Saw Guarding Radial arm saw equipped with an upper and lower blade guard Guard to prevent the operator from coming in contact the rotating blade 18

19 Fixed Guard Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards. 19

20 Interlocked Guard When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place. Interlocked guard on revolving drum 20

21 Adjustable Guard Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to facilitate a variety of production operations. Bandsaw blade adjustable guard 21

22 Self-Adjusting Guard Provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area. Circular table saw self-adjusting guard 22

23 Safeguarding by Location/Distance Locate the machine or its dangerous moving parts so that they are not accessible or do not present a hazard to a worker during normal operation Maintain a safe distance from the danger area 23

24 Some Examples of OSHA Machine Guarding Requirements

25 Guarding Fan Blades When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than 7 feet above the floor or working level, the blades must be guarded with a guard having openings no larger than 1/2 inch. 25

26 Abrasive Wheel Machinery To prevent the work from being jammed between the wheel and the rest, which may result in wheel breakage Work rests must be 1/8-inch from the wheel 26

27 Abrasive Wheel Machinery The distance between the wheel periphery and the adjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch. 27

28 Power-Transmission Apparatus Power-transmission apparatus (shafting, flywheels, pulleys, belts, chain drives, etc.) less than 7 feet from the floor or working platform must be guarded. Unguarded belt and pulley 28

29 Guarding Portable Circular Saws Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth. 29

30 Table Saw Guarding Hood guard Use a hood for guarding 30

31 Pneumatic Tools Powered by compressed air Includes nailers, staplers, chippers, drills & sanders Main hazard - getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener the worker is using with the tool Take the same precautions with an air hose that you take with electric cords Nail Gun - Cut-Away View 31

32 Compressed Air Cleaning Don t use compressed air for cleaning Exception - where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. with effective chip guarding and PPE 32

33 Liquid Fuel Tools Usually gas powered Main hazard fuel vapors Use only approved flammable liquid containers Before refilling a fuelpowered tool tank, shut down the engine and allow it to cool 33

34 Powder-Actuated Tools User must be trained and licensed to operate Test tool each day before loading to ensure the safety devices are working properly Wear suitable ear, eye, and face protection Select a powder level that will do the work without excessive force 34

35 Fatal Fact Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall 35

36 Jacks To set up a jack, ensure: The base is on a firm, level surface It s centered The jack head is placed against a level surface You apply the lift force evenly Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly 36

37 Jacks - Capacity The manufacturer's rated capacity must be marked on all jacks and must not be exceeded All jacks must have a stop indicator that is not exceeded 37

38 Immediately block the load after it is lifted. Put a block under the base of the jack when the foundation is not firm, and place a block between the jack cap and load if the cap might slip. Jacks - Blocking Photo - handyman jack is provided a firm base by using the railroad tie. The load is cribbed to prevent it from falling. 38

39 Chain Saw Safety Operating a chain saw is inherently hazardous. Potential injuries can be minimized by using proper personal protective equipment and safe operating procedures.

40 Before Starting a Chain Saw Make sure that the chain is always sharp and the lubrication reservoir is full. Start the saw on the ground or on another firm support. Drop starting is never allowed. Start the saw at least 10 feet from the fueling area, with the chain s brake engaged.

41 Fueling a Chain Saw Use approved containers for transporting fuel to the saw. Dispense fuel at least 10 feet away from any sources of ignition when performing construction activities. No smoking during fueling. Never attempt to fuel a running or HOT saw.

42 Chain Saw Safety Clear away dirt, debris, small tree limbs and rocks from the saw s chain path. Look for nails, spikes or other metal in the tree before cutting. Shut off the saw or engage its chain brake when carrying the saw on rough or uneven terrain. Keep your hands on the saw s handles, and maintain secure footing while operating the saw. Proper PPE must be worn when operating the saw, which includes hand, foot, eye, face, hearing and head protection.

43 Chain Saw Safety Do not wear loose-fitting clothing. Be careful that the trunk or tree limbs will not bind against the saw. Watch for branches under tension, they may spring out when cut. Gasoline-powered chain saws must be equipped with a protective device that minimizes chain saw kickback. Be cautious of saw kick-back. To avoid kick-back, do not saw with the tip. If equipped, keep tip guard in place.

44 Please wear a when you work outdoor

45 Summary Hazards are usually the result of improper tool use or not following one or more of these protection techniques: Inspecting the tool before use Using PPE Using guards Properly storing the tool Using safe handling techniques 45

46 QUIZ Click on the following link to take the online quiz. Call Ext for questions. You must pass with 100% correct. Good luck!