Flow of Matter and Energy

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1 Flow of Matter and Energy Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The equation below shows how ATP is produced. Which of these processes produces the most ATP? ADP + P + Energy ATP a. glycolysis c. lactic acid fermentation b. Krebs cycle d. electron transport chain 2. Plants and animals exchange materials through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Which of these statements is true about the way these two processes are related? a. The products of photosynthesis inhibit respiration. b. The products of photosynthesis are also the products of respiration. c. The reactants of photosynthesis are also the reactants of respiration. d. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration. 3. The diagram below shows a simplified energy pyramid for an ecosystem. Which of these statements is true about the flow of energy through the energy pyramid? a. Energy moves from Levels 3 and 4 to Levels 1 and 2. b. The amount of energy increases as it moves from Level 1 to Level 4. c. There is little loss of energy as it moves from one trophic level to another. d. The amount of energy decreases as it moves from one trophic level to another. 4. What cellular process uses oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP? a. mitosis c. anaerobic respiration b. photosynthesis d. aerobic respiration 1

2 5. Which organelle makes food? a. the choloroplast c. the vacuole b. the ribosome d. the nucleus 6. Which of these charts accurately shows the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? a. c. b. d. 7. Two cellular processes are shown below. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 2

3 One of the equations represents respiration. During respiration, the reactants are converted into a. Energy and O 2 c. C 6 H 12 O 6 and H 2 O b. C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 d. H 2 O, CO 2 and Energy 8. The diagram below shows the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide in an ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is used by a. animals during respiration b. animals, plants, and fungi during respiration c. plants during photosynthesis d. plants and fungi during photosynthesis 9. The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. What are the products of photosynthesis? 3

4 a. energy and oxygen c. carbon dioxide and water b. glucose and oxygen d. glucose and carbon dioxide 10. The diagram below shows products of cellular processes flowing to organisms that can use them. According to the diagram, Product 2 is a. oxygen produced by photosynthesis b. oxygen produced by respiration c. carbon dioxide produced by photosynthesis d. carbon dioxide produced by respiration 11. The equation below shows how ATP is produced. How is ATP used? a. as the building block of lipids b. as the building block of proteins c. as an energy source for most of diffusion d. as an energy source for most cellular processes 12. A plant cell is shown below ADP + P + energy ATP Which of these organelles uses light energy to produce sugar? a. the chloroplast c. the nucleus b. the vacuole d. the mitochondrion 13. The two main processes by which cells absorb, release, and use energy are 4

5 a. fermentation and respiration b. digestion and photosynthesis c. photosynthesis and respiration d. aerobic and anaerobic respiration 14. Study the equations below. According to these equations, which of the following is a reactant during respiration? a. water c. energy b. sugar d. carbon dioxide 15. Which process do cells use to release energy without using oxygen? a. mitosis c. aerobic respiration b. photosynthesis d. anaerobic respiration 16. The arrows in the diagram below represent the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in an ecosystem. What is the main source of oxygen in an ecosystem? a. combustion by cars c. respiration by animals b. respiration by plants d. photosynthesis by plants 17. Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds enter bodies of water, such as ponds, lakes, and rivers 5

6 a. from the decomposition of rocks found on the bottom of bodies of water. b. as by-products of photosynthesis carried out by aquatic plants. c. as run-off containing fertilizers and detergents. d. as a by-product of algal blooms. 18. Both aerobic cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation produce ATP, though in different amounts. These two ATP-producing processes have some major differences as well as some similarities. 19. What do aerobic respiration and lactic acid fermentation have IN COMMON, besides the production of ATP? a. They produce a sour taste. b. ATP production begins with glucose. c. They require an electron transport system. d. Pyruvate serves as the final electron acceptor. A food pyramid is sometimes used to show both the flow of matter and energy in an ecosystem. The pyramid narrows as matter and energy flow from the bottom to the top. What does this pyramid tell you about the energy in this ecosystem? a. Energy stays the same. Only the number of living things change. b. Energy decreases from bottom to top because 90% of the energy is lost. c. Energy increases from bottom to top because the organisms get larger in size. d. Energy decreases from bottom to top because some is used at each level for life processes. 20. Which of these chemicals is needed in order for the metabolic reactions of photosynthesis to occur? a. fructose c. oxygen b. glucose d. water 6

7 21. For the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle to function properly, which organisms must always be present? a. decomposers c. parasites b. herbivores d. predators 22. Plants need both sulfur and phosphorus in order to grow and reproduce. How do plants obtain sulfur and phosphorus? a. Plants take in compounds of sulfur and phosphorus through the stomata. b. Plants absorb sulfates and phosphates present in the soil through their roots. c. Plants get sulfur and phosphorus through the insecticides sprayed on the leaves. d. Plants absorb sulfur and phosphorus from rain droplets that accumulate on leaves The image shows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged between a leaf of a plant, and the environment. Which statement is supported by the image? a. Water enters leaf tissue from the atmosphere. b. Stoma in the epidermal tissue absorbs oxygen. c. Carbon dioxide enters leaf tissue from the atmosphere. d. Guard cells prevent carbon dioxide from entering leaf tissue. Algae fish seal bear bacteria A certain kind of fish in the ocean eats only algae. A seal eats this fish, and a bear eats the seal. When the bear dies, it is recycled by bacteria. The second consumer in this scenario is the a. bear c. seal b. fish d. algae 7

8 25. A group of hikers find a fallen tree in a forest. The dead tree trunk is covered by mushrooms and other fungi. Later, they find a wild apple tree with many apples lying on the forest floor beneath the tree. The apples are all rotten and decayed by bacteria. Which statement BEST summarizes how the fungi and bacteria are obtaining their food energy? a. The fungi and bacteria are both parasitic organisms that obtain food from other living organisms. b. The fungi and bacteria are both obtaining their energy by manufacturing food from minerals and sunlight. c. Both fungi and bacteria require well-fertilized soil in which to obtain nutrients needed for chemosynthesis. d. The fungi and bacteria are obtaining the energy they need by decomposing organic matter like dead trees and old apples. 26. What would occur if an area of land were to receive significantly less rainfall than usual for an extended time? a. hail c. tsunami b. drought d. landslide 27. Plant cells use specific organelles for photosynthesis in order to produce glucose. Plant cells contain another organelle that functions as a storage tank for excess glucose or starch. That is the a. centriole c. leukoplast b. chloroplast d. nucleolus 28. The Honeydough Bread factory produces 2,000 loaves of bread per day. During bread making, by yeast produces which makes the bread rise. a. water respiration, oxygen b. lactic acid fermentation, sugar c. reconstitution, carbon monoxide d. alcoholic fermentation, carbon dioxide 29. In algae, cyanobacteria, and plants, chlorophyll a absorbs all colors of light except for a. red c. blue 8

9 b. green d. yellow 30. Which organism is an autotroph? a. bear c. mushroom b. rabbit d. dandelion 31. On average, how many molecules of ATP are gained through the process of aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule? a. 2 c b d On a small swampy island off of the coast of Maine, mosquito larvae, which feed on algae,are eaten by Atlantic salmon. In turn, the salmon are eaten by black bears. The black bears are a. producers c. promary consumers b. herbivores d. tertiary consumers 33. Some bacteria are facultative anaerobes, which usually produce ATP by aerobic respiration but are also capable of switching to fermentation when there is a lack of in their environment. a. water c. glucose b. oxygen d. carbon dioxide 34. When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle? a. More water is returned to the atmosphere. b. There is less runoff water, but more transpiration. c. More precipitation is formed, because there is more evaporation. d. More runoff water is created, and less is returned to the atmosphere. 35. In yeast cells, the process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration is called a. fermentation c. phagocytosis b. mastication d. transcription 9

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