NOVAC A global network for volcano gas monitoring. Bo Galle Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden

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1 NOVAC A global network for volcano gas monitoring Bo Galle Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden

2 Outline The Scanning mini-doas instrument The NOVAC project Examples of results global SO 2 emissions risk assessment

3 The Scanning Mini-DOAS instrument

4 Scanning mini-doas SO 2 [mg/m²] Angle to Zenith [deg]

5 SO2 emission (kgs -1 ) Scanning mini-doas measurement, San Cristobal 23 Nov wind measurement 0 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 Time

6 NOVAC instrument, San Cristobal Volcano, Nicaragua

7 NOVAC Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change Idea: To establish a network based on Dual-Beam Scanning mini- DOAS instruments on volcanoes. To use the data for local geophysical research and risk assessment To improve global gas assessments, validate satellites and study correlation of gas emission in time and space In addition spectra will be used for atmospheric change research

8 Chalmers University Heidelberg University Institut Aerospatiale de Belgique (IASB), Belgium Cambridge University, UK IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA University of Maryland, USA Project Partners Instrument, Networking and global data exploitation Volcano Observatories B. Galle U. Platt M. Van Roozendael C. Oppenheimer T. Hansteen L. Molina S. Carn INGV-CT, Italy M. Burton Etna IPGP, France G. Boudon Reunion INETER, Nicaragua A. Muños San Cristobal, Masaya, Conception OVSICORI, Costa Rica E. Duarte Arenal, Turrialba INGEOMINAS, Colombia G. Garzon Galeras, Nevado del Ruiz, N. de Huila SNET, El Salvador D. Escobar San Miguel, Santa Ana OVG, D.R. Congo M. Kasereka Nyiaragongo UNAM, Mexico H. Delgado Popocatepetl, Colima IGEPN, Ecuador S. Hidalgo Tungurahua, Cotopaxi INSIVUMEH, Guatemala E. Sanchez Fuego, Santiaguito INGV-PA, Italy S. Inguaggiato Vulcano OVDAS, Chile T. Hansteen Villarrica, Llama IMO, Iceland K. Vogfjord Eyjafjallajokul, Hekla Phivolcs, Philippines (EOS, Singapore) Mayon

9 Installations made until July 2011 Volcano Country Installed Date San Cristobal Nicaragua 3 instruments Nov Tungurahua Ecuador 3+1 instruments March 2007 Masaya Nicaragua 2 instruments April 2007 Popocatepetl Mexico 3+1 instruments May 2007 Nyiragongo D. R. Congo 4 instruments June 2007 Piton de Fournaise Reunion Island 3+1 instruments August 2007 Cotopaxi Ecuador 2 instruments Oct 2007 and 2010 Galeras Colombia 3 instruments Nov 2007 Colima Mexico 4 instruments Dec 2007 and Feb 2011 Santa Ana El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008 San Miguel El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008 Fuego Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008 Santiaguito Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008 Turrialba Costa Rica 4 instruments April 2008 Volcano Italy 1 instrument May 2008 Etna Italy 2+2 instruments July 2008 Villarrica Chile 2 instruments March 2009 Nevado de Huila Colombia 2 instruments March 2009 Nevado de Ruiz Colombia 2 instruments Nov 2009 Llama Chile 3 instruments Jan 2009 Ejyafjallajokul Iceland 2 instrument May 2010 Conception Nicaragua 2 instruments Feb 2011 Mayon Philippines 2 instruments April 2011 Hekla Iceland 2 instruments July instruments installed on 24 volcanoes,

10 Harestua Popocatépetl Colima Santiaguito Fuego Telica Concepción San Cristóbal Masaya Hekla Eyjafjallajökul l Santa Ana San Miguel Arenal Turrialba Vulcano Stromboli Mount Etna Mayon Nevado del Ruiz Nevado del Huila Galeras Cotopaxi Tungurahua Llaima Villarica Nyiragongo Piton de la Fournaise

11 Total number of scans in the NOVAC database About 2.2 million scans April 2012

12 Average SO 2 emission from NOVAC volcanoes (preliminary data, work in progress)

13 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05 Jul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 RSAM (daily average) SO 2 emission (ton/day) Eruption of Santa Ana Volcano, El Salvador 1 October Eruption Olmos et al, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, 64 (2007),

14 SO 2 gas emission, Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia

15 Future DORSIVA Instrument development

16 Future DORSIVA NOVAC Instrument development Instrument implementation

17 Future DORSIVA NOVAC Risk assessment Geophysical research Environmental impact Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation

18 Future DORSIVA NOVAC Risk assessment Geophysical research Environmental impact Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation Networking Research Data exploitation Support existing network Maintain archive, GEO Supply instruments Provide platform Volcanology Atmospheric chemistry Environmental impact Instrument development Volcano risk assessment Climate change modelling Satellite validation Volcanic ash advisory

19 Thank you for your attention!

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