Use of Anti-Reflective Glass in Lighting Products. David P. Maikowski Guardian Industries, Corp. Kevin L. Willmorth Lumenique, LLC

Transcription

1 Use of Anti-Reflective Glass in Lighting Products David P. Maikowski Guardian Industries, Corp. Kevin L. Willmorth Lumenique, LLC

2 The Challenge of Using Glass in Lighting The historical challenge of using a glass lens in lighting applications has been with efficiency losses due to light reflection and absorption (shown in red below). Light Source Glass 4% Loss 4% Loss Reflected: 1 st and 2 nd surface 1-2% Loss Transmitted Absorbed Glass loses 9-10% of total light transmission by its material properties alone Therefore, you must minimize absorption, increase light capture or transmission, and minimize reflection on the glass to overcome this challenge and maximize the light going through the glass lens How? Through the use of Low Iron glass and Anti-Reflective coatings! 2

3 Low-Iron Glass Standard soda lime float glass contains % Fe 2 O 3 which allows 2% of visible light s energy to be absorbed and lost within the bulk material itself Transmission,% Low Iron Glass (3.1 mm) Soda Lime Glass (3.1 mm) nm In contrast, Low Iron glass contains only % Fe 2 O 3 which all but eliminates the absorption losses in the visible spectrum typically seen with glass lenses 3

4 Anti-Reflective (AR) Coatings Anti-Reflective (AR) Coatings minimize the interference of light traveling through a given material s surface by creating a filtering layer with a refractive index (n) as close to air (n= 1) and the lens material itself (glass n= 1.52) Transmission,% DS AR on Low Iron (3.1 mm) 60 SS AR on Low Iron (3.1 mm) Low Iron Glass (3.1 mm) Soda Lime Glass (3.1 mm) nm AR coatings can reduce glass reflection losses to 0.5% per side and, when coupled with low-iron glass to reduce absorption losses, can increase transmission levels of glass lenses from 89% (soda lime float glass) to 99% (Double-Sided AR on Low Iron glass) in the visible range at NADIR 4

5 Potential Benefit Drivers in Commercial Lighting Key enablers to realize significant benefit from increased light transmission in commercial lighting applications: Increase efficiency (light delivered per watt consumed) Reduce light source power level (lamp watts or LED current) Reduce luminaire count Improve lighting system performance and quality 5

6 Lumen Steps Based on Lamp Watts (HID) The lumen reduction from stepping down from a 250W lamp to a 200W lamp requires recovery of the 24% reduction in lamp lumen potential from gains in system efficiency to effectively payback an increased investment 6

7 Savings from Lamp Step Down Annual Energy Cost 1 Yr Value 400W $ W $ $ W $ $ W $ $ W $ $ W $ $ W $ $ W $ $ Based on 3200hrs/year, $0.10/kWh Energy Cost Assuming an optical performance improvement produces a step-down in lamp size, the value available is between $8.00 and $22.00 per luminaire for each year period to full payback. Example: A change from a 320W lamp to a 250W lamp, produces $44 over two years for payback of costs associated with the retrofit 7

8 Lumen Steps Based on Number of LEDs Employed LED luminaires require an increase in lumen efficiency equal to the drop in LED lumens as shown in the chart. Example: The lumen reduction from eliminating 2 LEDs requires recovery of ~6-8% in gains in system efficiency. 8

9 Savings from LED Count Reduction LED Count Annual Energy Cost 1 Yr Value 34 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.84 Based on 3200hrs/year, $0.10/kWh Energy Cost, 66lm/W system efficacy, 400lumen LEDs Improving optical performance to reduce LED count results in a savings of roughly $3.80 for each 12W (800 lm) of LED power per payback year Example: A reduction from 24 to 26 LEDs produces a savings of $8.08 over 2 years to payback any additional costs associated with attaining the higher optical efficiency 9

10 Luminaire Count Reduction First Cost Annual Energy Cost 10 Fixtures $ 6, $ 1, Fixtures $ 5, $ 1, Savings $ $ Based on 250W MH lamps, 3200 annual operating hours, $0.10/kWh energy cost, and an installed per-fixture cost of $640.00, reducing fixtures employed by 10% through improvement in optical performance generates $ of value payback in the first year, with an additional annual value of $ This does not fully consider the maintenance cost reduction from eliminating 10% of the luminaires installed. 10

11 Performance Threshold Enablers With the growing demand for finite performance thresholds, such as the FTE standard suggested by the EPA for outdoor luminaires, a difference of just 1% in luminaire performance can mean a failure to comply. Achieving approval of power company, local, state, or national efficiency approval is returned in increased sales volumes and application opportunities. 11

12 Evaluating Potential Benefits of AR Glass in Lighting To properly understand and evaluate the feasibility of using AR glass, 5 products were tested Standard Uncoated 3.1 mm Soda Lime Glass (BASELINE) Single-Sided Anti-Reflective (SS AR) Coated 3.1 mm Low Iron Glass Double-Sided Anti-Reflective (DS AR) Coated 3.1 mm Low Iron Glass All testing was done to LM 79 at an IES-accredited laboratory All photometric data was subsequently used in the AGI32 and FTE Calculator software tools for evaluation in typical commercial lighting scenarios and applications 12

13 Samples Tested Reference samples included a range of optical designs and light sources to evaluate the impact of the cover glass materials 13

14 Luminaire Total Lumen Output Test Comparison Uncoated SS AR % Gain DS AR % Gain Sample 1 - Significant Incident Angles <30⁰ % % 30-90⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % 0-30⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % Sample 2 - Mixed Incident Angles % % 30-90⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % 0-30⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % Sample 3 - Dominant Incident Angles <30⁰ % % 30-90⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % 0-30⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % Sample 4 - Significant Incident Angles <30⁰ % % 30-90⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % 0-30⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % Sample 5 Mixed Incident Angles % % 30-90⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % 0-30⁰ Incident Angle Zonal lumens % % Results indicate that the greater the dominance of low incident angles (<30 ) between the source and first surface of the glass cover, the greater the gain in total light production (lumens). 14

15 Using AR Glass for Lamp Step Reduction EXAMPLE 1: In a parking lot, DS AR coated glass facilitated stepping down one lamp wattage, from 175W to 150W. Energy cost savings of $8 per year would support a premium of $16 for 2 yr payback with no other product modifications 15

16 Using AR Glass for Fixture Count Reduction EXAMPLE 2: A baseball playing field lighting system comprised of 6 poles utilizing 44 total luminaires is reduced to 40 luminaires by the 10% optical efficiency gains realized from DS AR glass Soda Lime Glass DS AR on Low Iron Fixture Cost $ $ Fixture count Total luminaire cost $ 7, $ 7, Annual Energy Cost* $ 2, $ 2, Annual savings $ Payback period (years) 0.65 The additional cost of coated glass over soda-lime glass produces a payback of less than one year. 16

17 Using AR Glass to Reach Performance Thresholds EXAMPLE 3: The use of DS AR Coating improved luminaire FTE performance from 36 lm/w to 39 lm/w This improvement required no other changes to the luminaire to transform it from a non-compliant (37lm/W requirement) to compliant product 17

18 Using AR Glass to Reach Performance Thresholds (2) The improvement in FTE performance is also evident in foot candle plot comparisons of soda lime glass (left) and DS AR on low iron glass (right) Both plots are based on 20 luminaire mounting height and 60 pole spacing Identical total load of W Average illuminance is greater with coated glass, while values at the perimeter of the lighted area remain unchanged 18

19 Summary/Conclusions Using optimized glass lenses with Anti-Reflective (AR) coatings can help luminaires become more efficient in both increasing targeted light distribution and reducing overall energy consumption by reducing component and/or fixture counts The most-effective and value-driven use of AR-coated glass in commercial lighting is in Solid-State Lighting applications whereby the count of LEDs can be reduced and, in turn, the value of the substituted higher-performing glass lens can be validated within a reasonable payback period There are also significant energy and cost savings (including total cost of ownership including maintenance and total MTBF) when the AR glass is used in lighting applications whereby overall fixture count can be reduced (e.g., sports lighting, roadway lighting, etc.) while still meeting the specified illumination goals. Last, the use of AR glass in lighting allows for better light uniformity spread across the targeted distribution pattern and reduces the light losses at wide incident angles (> 60 degrees) seen with standard uncoated glass and, in turn, increases the light output at low-incident angles (<30 degrees). 19

20 Thank You! David P. Maikowski Product Manager, Lighting Guardian Industries, Corp. (734) Kevin L. Willmorth President Lumenique, LLC (414)