Everything about Microsoft.NET Framework

Transcription

1 Everything about Microsoft.NET Framework by Sandeep Soni

2 .NET Enterprise Vision Users Any device, Any place, Any time Notification Scheduling Authentication XML Web Services Integrate business applications and processes ERP & Billing Customer Service Sales Back Office Heterogeneous application and server infrastructure

3 Category of Programmers System Programmers One who programs directly for a given hardware eg: Device Drivers or extremely low level o/p services. Application Programmers One who programs applications used by people for their requirements eg: Calculator, Calendar, MS- Office like packages, Accounting Packages etc.net is for Application programming and not for System programming.

4 Definitions Platform is an environment for developing and executing application. Framework is ready to use collection of Classes and Interfaces used for developing a particular type of application.

5 What is a Platform? Assembly Code MS.NET Applications MS.NET Framework H/W JRE JAVA Applications Operating System C/ C++ Applications

6 What is.net? MS.Net is a Framework built on open internet protocols & standards with tools and services that meld computing and communication in new ways It s an environment for developing and running software applications featuring ease of development of web based services, rich standard runtime services available to components written in variety of programming languages & provides inter language & inter machine inoperability

7 Framework Components MS.NET Framework Runtime Used for both Development and Production of.net applications MS.NET Framework SDK Mostly used only for Development of.net application Visual Studio.NET IDE and RAD Tool for Developing.NET applications Not needed on Production machine Common environment for multiple languages like VB.NET, C#, VC++ Can be used any type of MS.NET Application Can be used also for non.net based applications like PHP pages. For this we need a plug-in to be installed over Studio.

8 .Net Framework in Context

9 MS.NET Framework Versions Version 1.0 in Year 2002 Version 1.1 in Year 2003 Version 2.0 in Year 2005 Version 3.0 in Year 2006 Version 3.5 in Year 2007 Version 4.0 in Year 2010 Version 4.5 in Year 2012 All versions can be installed side by side on same machine.

10 Versions Dependency 1.0 is a standalone version 1.1 is also a standalone version 2.0 is also a standalone version 3.0 is installed over is installed over is also standalone versions. When.NET 4.5 is installed it effectively replaces.net 4.0 on the machine

11 Version Compatibility Doesn't support Forward or Backward compatibility. The version used on development machine and production machine must be same. If 1.1 has been used for development and on the production machine even if 2.0 is installed and if 1.1 is not, then the application will not work.

12 The Core of.net Framework Application Services Framework / Base Class Library Provides the core functionality: ASP.NET, Web Services, ADO.NET, Windows Forms, IO, XML, etc. Common Language Runtime Garbage collection Language integration Multiple versioning support (no more DLL hell!) Integrated security

13 MS.NET Framework Stack C++ C# VB Perl J# ASP.NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet Toolkit Windows Forms ADO.NET and XML.NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System

14 TYPES OF MS.NET APPLICATION Console Based Applications (e.g. Compiler) Windows GUI Application using WinForms GUI Rich Windows Application (WPF) Windows Services ASP.NET Web Applications (ASPX / MVC) SOA using WCF Mobile / Smart Device Applications

15 Understanding Base Class Libraries (BCL) or Framework Class Libraries (FCL)

16 Base Class Library? The.NET base class library is a collection of objectoriented types and interfaces that provide object models and services for many of the complex programming tasks we routinely face during application development

17 Base Class Library Advantages Language Independent. Completely Object Oriented. Most of the types presented by the.net base class library are fully extensible, allowing you to build types that incorporate your own functionality Packaged with.net Framework in the form of DLL files. Well optimized for performance

18 Base Class Library includes Data types, conversions, formatting Collections: ArrayList, Hashtable, etc. Globalization: Cultures, sorting, etc. I/O: Binary and text streams, files, etc. Networking: HTTP, TCP/IP sockets, etc. Reflection: Metadata and IL emit Security: Permissions, cryptography Text: Encodings, regular expressions

19 What is Namespace? A namespace is a logical collection of classes and other types with unique name. The structure of the namespace is like a tree where all the related classes are like leaves All BCL begin with the namespace System.

20 Base Class Library Namespaces System Collections Configuration Diagnostics Globalization IO Net Reflection Resources Security ServiceProcess Text Threading Runtime InteropServices Remoting Serialization

21 Understanding MSIL and PE

22 .NET Languages Languages provided by Microsoft C++, C#, J#, VB.NET, Jscript.NET & F# Third-parties languages Perl, Python, Pascal, APL, COBOL, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk

23 Code Compilation and Execution Source Code Compilation Language Compiler Code MSIL Metadata Also called Assembly (.EXE or.dll file) Execution Before installation or the first time each method is called Native Code JIT Compiler

24 PE Portable Executable Is a Microsoft Win32 compatible format file for.net applications which contains the MSIL code and Metadata in binary form. It has the extension.exe or.dll PE is based on all Win32 platforms compatible COFF (Common Object File Format) specification.

25 MSIL It stands for Microsoft Intermediate Language. MSIL instructions are platform independent instructions. MSIL is an intermediate instruction set which is independent of processor and hardware.

26 Example of MSIL Code.assembly MyAssembly {}.class MyApp {.method static void Main() {.entrypoint ldstr Hello, IL!" call void System.Console::WriteLine("Hello") ret } }

27 Metadata Metadata describes every type and member defined in your code in a language-neutral manner Metadata stores the following information: Description of the assembly Name, Version, Culture, Public Key Exported Types Other Assemblies that this assembly is dependent upon Description of types. Name, Visibility, base class and interface implemented Members Fields, Properties, Methods, events and nested types Attributes: Additional descriptive elements that modify types and members

28 Compiler & Assembler Language Source Code Language Compiler Portable Executable (MSIL - Binary Format) Reverse Engineering ILDASM.EXE ILASM.EXE MSIL (Text Format)

29 COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME (CLR)

30 What is the Difference between Street DOG and Pet DOG?

31 Managed Code Code that targets the CLR is referred to as managed code All managed code has the features of the CLR Object-oriented Type-safe Cross-language integration Cross language exception handling Managed code is represented in special Intermediate Language (IL)

32 CLR Advantages High Performance Applications Vastly simplified development. Seamless integration of the code written in various languages. Evidence-based security with code identity. Assembly-based deployment that eliminates DLL Hell. Side-by-side versioning of reusable components. Code reuse through implementation inheritance. Automatic object lifetime management. Self describing objects.

33 Components in CLR Code Execution Common Type System (CTS) Automatic Memory Management JIT Compiler Garbage Collector Security Manager Class Loader Interoperate with COM Components and DLLs

34 Common Type System The common Type System defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration, type safety and high performance applications. Supported Types Classes Structures Enumerations Interfaces Delegates

35 Automatic Memory Management The CLR manages memory for managed code All allocations of objects and buffers made from a Managed Heap Unused objects and buffers are cleaned up automatically through Garbage Collection Some of the worst bugs in software development are not possible with managed code Memory Leakages Dangling Pointers Reading of uninitialized variables Pointerless environment

36 JIT Compiler CLR compiles IL in just-in-time (JIT) manner each function is compiled just before execution. Also the JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls NGen.EXE (Native Generator) is used for compiling all the MSIL code in PE file into Native code. This is done before the code is executed or during the deployment of PE on target machine. This way even the first time execution of code is fast as it doesn t need any more runtime compilation

37 .NET Framework on Linux Mono Project Open Source C# compiler, CLR and Framework Class Library Runs on various platforms and hardware: Linux, Unix, FreeBSD, Windows JIT-compiler for x86 s390, SPARC, PowerPC interpreter for these hardware architectures Supports also: ADO.NET and XML Windows Forms (not fully) ASP.NET Web Services

38 Thank You