Darwin s Theory of Evolution

Transcription

1 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Dec 16 8:19 AM 1

2 I can explain the theory of evolution. I can cite evidence for the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin, 1800s Jan 23 1:27 PM 2

3 Evolution: things change over time Theory: a well supported explanation Theory of evolution: A well supported explanation of how living things could change over time. Jan 23 1:32 PM 3

4 Can you think of something (living or nonliving) that has changed over time? What caused it to change over time? Write down your answers and be prepared to present to the class. Jan 23 1:33 PM 4

5 Jan 23 1:35 PM 5

6 ? Jan 23 1:39 PM 6

7 Toilets change over time. Need to use less water. Plumbing advancements. Need to look nicer. Need to be easier to keep clean. More options. Jan 23 1:46 PM 7

8 Life s Diversity Dec 16 8:21 AM 8

9 Darwin s Voyage Dec 16 8:25 AM 9

10 Visit the hall of losers at the museum. Dead. Dead. Dead. Extinct. Lost at the game of life. Dead. Why did they die? Giant sloth. Dead. Jan 23 2:50 PM 10

11 Tortoises, Tortoises, Tortoises medium neck long neck short neck Why? How? Dec 16 8:25 AM 11

12 Isabela Island Hood Island What differences do you see? What do you think Pinta Island looks like? Jan 23 1:53 PM 12

13 medium wet dry Different climates, despite close proximity. Jan 23 2:39 PM 13

14 What causes things to change? What causes living things to change? chicken then and now Jan 23 1:58 PM 14

15 1929 vs Adaptive radiation? How is each car specialized? Jan 23 2:28 PM 15

16 Jan 23 2:00 PM 16

17 original Did the finches change over time to adapt better to their environments? Were the finches simply made this way? Jan 23 2:33 PM 17

18 Anolis lizard activity Tuesday Thursday: work in class to complete the activity. Monday, be prepared to turn in your work. Jan 26 7:27 AM 18

19 Key questions: 1. Which lizards are most closely related? How can we prove it? 2. Why do different lizards on different islands look similar? Jan 31 7:32 AM 19

20 Anolis lizard Jan 26 7:27 AM 20

21 Florida Jan 26 7:37 AM 21

22 phylogenetic tree: suggests relationships and change over time Jan 26 7:35 AM 22

23 Jan 26 11:44 AM 23

24 1) Where are the Greater Antilles? They are islands located south of Florida. Which Islands make up the Greater Antilles? They are made up of Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. 2) What is the goal of this research? To use data, such as body shape and habitat to make hypotheses about how different species of Anolis lizards are related then to test these hypotheses using a phylogenetic tree. Jan 26 11:48 AM 24

25 3) What type of information does the data table show? Identification number, name of lizard species found, island each lizard was found, its habitat, and body shape. 4) Describe the six different types of body shapes that the lizards have. slender body, very long tail short body, slender legs and tail large toe pads, can change color large body, large toe pads stocky body, long hind limbs long fore limbs, flattened body Jan 26 11:48 AM 25

26 5) What patterns do you see between the type of body shape a lizard has and the habitat it lives in? Lizards with similar body shape live in similar habitats. For example, all slender body, very long tail lizards live in grasses and bushes. There are more lizards on the larger islands. For example, Jamaica only has four species of lizard, where as Cuba has all six species. Students may suggest patterns that relate to how the different body shapes may be adapted for the habitat that it lives in. For example, the lizards that live on twigs have short bodies and slender legs and tails. The smaller, lighter body may be advantageous when living on fragile vegetation. Jan 26 11:49 AM 26

27 6) Does this pattern exist on all islands? Explain. Yes, however not all islands have all of the species of lizards. For example, Jamaica has only four species and Puerto Rico has only five. 7) Which lizards do you think are more closely related; those that live on the same island but in different habitats, or those that live on different islands but have the same body features and live in the same type of habitat? Explain. Answers will vary. 8) Write two alternative hypotheses about how these lizards might have speciated/evolved on and between these islands. Answers will vary. Jan 26 11:50 AM 27

28 Jan 26 12:01 PM 28

29 9) How could you test your hypotheses? Answers will vary. Students may suggest looking at fossils, using DNA, using other observations to determine how they are related to each other. Jan 26 11:50 AM 29

30 10) Explain the different patterns that you see in the phylogenetic tree. Look at their body shape, habitat, and the island on which they are found. Write down as many observations as you can. Answers will vary. 11) Based on the phylogenetic tree, which lizards do you think are more closely related: those that live on the same island but in different habitats, or those that live on different islands but have the same body shape and live in the same type of habitat? Explain using specific examples. Answers may vary, but in general students should recognize that lizards on the same island are more closely related to each other than lizards that have similar body shapes and live in the same type of habitat. 12) Look back at your original hypotheses (question 8). Explain how these new data support or do not support your hypotheses about how these lizards might have speciated/evolved. Answers will vary. Jan 26 11:51 AM 30

31 13) How could you further test your hypotheses? What type of information would you want to have? Answers will vary. It would be possible to use fossil data, or create a new phylogenetic tree based on different features. 14) How could fossil evidence help you test your hypotheses? Fossils could suggest which body type existed the earliest to most recent, suggesting which lizards may have inhabited the islands first. A comparison with fossils from lizards on the mainland may also help us understand how the group evolved and speciated. Jan 26 11:52 AM 31

32 15) How do you think the lizards could have gotten from one island to another? Answers will vary. They may have swam, floated on natural rafts, the islands may have been connected at one point. Jan 26 11:53 AM 32

33 Jan 26 11:53 AM 33

34 Close together. Jan 26 11:59 AM 34

35 Dec 16 8:29 AM 35

36 Jan 25 7:37 AM 36

37 Dec 16 8:29 AM 37

38 Dec 16 8:30 AM 38

39 Dec 16 8:30 AM 39

40 Dec 16 8:31 AM 40

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43 Dec 16 8:32 AM 43

44 "It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change." Charles Darwin Jan 29 1:04 PM 44

45 Feb 2 12:36 PM 45

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47 Feb 2 12:37 PM 47

48 Feb 2 12:39 PM 48

49 Feb 2 12:40 PM 49

50 Feb 3 7:38 AM 50

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53 Apr 1 1:06 PM 53

54 Biochemical Evidence for Evolution worksheet I can explain how biochemical evidence supports evolution Feb 22 7:16 AM 54

55 DNA is a code made from a 4 letter alphabet (A, T, C, G). 3 letters (codon) code for 1 amino acid. example: TAG is methionine Hundreds of amino acids combined together make 1 protein. Feb 22 7:17 AM 55

56 Concept: The more closely related organisms will have similar proteins. This is DNA evidence used for making cladograms. Feb 22 7:20 AM 56

57 salamander grade your work Feb 24 7:43 AM 57

58 salamander identification 1. slimy salamander 2. Jefferson salamander 3. spotted salamander 4. newt 5. 2 lined salamander 6. mud puppy 7. tiger salamander 8. red backed salamander 9. 4 toed salamander 10. siren salamander 11. marbled salamander write down the number you got correct on the front of your paper and make sure your name is on your paper 1. general to specific characteristics 2. Genus and species Feb 24 7:13 AM 58