Overview of the European Research Group on Mobile Emission Sources (ERMES)

Transcription

1 Overview of the European Research Group on Mobile Emission Sources (ERMES) European Commission DG Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy and Transport

2 The ERMES Group European Research group on Mobile Emission Sources European network that brings together transport emission modellers and researchers, funding agencies, industry representatives and other stakeholders Coordinated and partly funded by JRC Primary interface between modellers and EC First focus on road transport, others to follow

3 Aims of ERMES to become a permanent network of mobile emission modellers and model users to coordinate research and measurement programmes for the improvement of transport emission inventories in Europe to become an international reference point for mobile emissions modelling and related topics in Europe

4 ERMES research coordination Research issues list (...) Prioritized Issues 2= High 1= Medium 3= Low (...) ERMES laboratories Adjusted test programmes Do 2 (High priority), then 1 (Medium)... Proposal ERMES exec. board Open discussion (ERMES plenary) ERMES contact group Modellers Emissions data pool Stakeholder needs

5 Structure of ERMES Who does what Relevant DGs of EC, Industry, EEA, others (annual plenary meeting) JRC, Member States, laboratories and national experts (periodic meetings) Reduced number of experts (frequent contacts) Contact Group WG on models and emission factors Executive Board Review of emission factors, demands/funding for future research, reports on special topics Development of models, emission factors update Proposal of work programme, progress monitoring

6 ERMES executive board M. Cristina Galassi - maria-cristina.galassi@ec.europa.eu Stefan Hausberger - Hausberger@ivt.tugraz.at Mario Keller - mario.keller@infras.ch Leon Ntziachristos - leon@auth.gr Ake Sjodin - ake.sjodin@ivl.se) Norbert Ligterink - norbert.ligterink (at) tno.nl Heinz Steven - Heinz.Steven@t-online.de

7 ERMES main focus ERMES coordinates the research work and emissions measurement programmes needed for the update of vehicle emission models Maintenance updates: needed to improve the coverage of newer vehicle technologies (e.g. EURO 5/6 V/VI) Methodological improvements: models are subject to periodic reviews (e.g. evaporative emissions estimation methodology) Long-term technological changes and environmental target monitoring (e.g. alternative fuels, real-world CO 2 emissions)

8 Source: INFRAS ERMES activity example Harmonization and data sharing Passenger car Trucks (Additional) (Real world) driving cycles Roller test bench Engine test bed On-Board measurement s ERMES work aims at harmonizing the measurement procedure across labs and sharing data in a common format NOx Engine power Engine speed Engine maps

9 ERMES activity example Emission factors from LDV

10 ERMES activity example Emission factors from HDV Source: Technical University of Graz

11 ERMES activity example Emission factors from busses Source: Technical University of Graz

12 ERMES activity example ESTO signal tool creates engine emission maps from transient chassis dynamometer test data compares the diluted mass CO 2 signal to instantaneous FC and correction is applied to other pollutants Does not require ad hoc experiments or periodical calibration Does not require a common clock signal, flow measurements or a temperature model It is insensitive to changes in the measurement setup High instantaneous error

13 ERMES activity example ERMES test cycle: a modelling cycle Produces instantaneous engine data useful for engine mapping (better coverage of operating points than NEDC) Allows flexible planning for laboratories thanks to its short duration (~24 mins.)

14 Vehicle emission models ERMES oversees the development of the leading vehicle emission models in Europe such as: COPERT: main road transport emissions model of the EMEP/EEA Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Guidebook, used by several MS in official reporting of national emission inventories HBEFA: Model of choice in DACH-S group of countries. Developed by TU Graz and Infras VERSIT+: Model of choice in NL Developed by TNO

15 Vehicle emission models usage in Europe COPERT HBEFA Own model COPERT-based

16 Model Characteristics COPERT 4 HBEFA 3.1 VERSIT + NEMO PHEM Geographical scale Emission factors Broad From street level up From street level up Based on average speed Pollutants Regulated + Typical applications CO2, FC, CH4, N2O, NH3, SO2, heavy metals, PAHs, POPs, NMVOC speciation Large scale inventories and assessment of measures Based on traffic situations Regulated + CO2, FC, NO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, SO2 and PN Inventories, assessment of measures (large and medium scale) Based on traffic situations (road types, speed limits, degrees of congestion) Regulated, CO 2, NO 2, PM2.5, EC, PAH, PM wear (tyre, brake, road surface) Inventories, assessment of measures (large and medium scale) From street level up Based on calculation of driving resistance for avg. traffic situations Regulated + CO2, FC, NO2, CO2 and PN Inventories, assessment of measures (based on road networks) Single vehicle to street level Based on instantaneous vehicle speed trajectories and engine emission maps Regulated + CO2, FC, NO2, CO2 and PN Calculation of emission factors for various traffic situations, driving styles, and vehicle technologies

17 COPERT Approach Emission factors from interpolation of measurements as a function of average speed Straightforward and easy to obtain at national level Lacks sensitivity as temporal/spatial resolution increase The methodology is describe in the EEA emission guidebook A single free software package is available at Source: LAT

18 HBEFA Approach Emission factors are the weighted average of the PHEM model results PHEM is calibrated on vehicle measurements PHEM runs for 276 individual traffic situations classified by: road type; level of service; speed limit. Engine maps PHEM model Engine map Fuel Traffic situations Emission factors Engine power Engine speed The Software is available at Software database allows selection of emission factors Source: INFRAS

19 VERSIT+ Approach Velocity-and-acceleration based Statistical analyses: sufficient data per vehicle sufficient vehicles per category no reliance on engine maps, etc.: data focussed Shift towards on-road testing (PEMS) is in progress Euro-V HD emission factors based on PEMS since parameters per vehicle category (1 for cold start) 20 parameters for heavy duty (to cover payload) Emission factors published for national usage, changes reported

20 Share your activities Join the ERMES group