Simulated Lunar Phases
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1 Simulated Lunar Phases The Moon s Phase = illuminated portion of the moon as seen from the Earth It takes 29.5 days to go through all the phases = one moooonth
2 Phases of the Moon new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, crescent and back to new phase
3 Phases Depend on Orbital Position Sun
4 When Will the Moon Rise?
5 Moon s Sidereal & Synodic Month Orbital period = 27.3 days = sidereal period From new moon to new moon = 29.5 days = synodic period = month
6 Sidereal and Solar Day Earth rotates once with respect to the stars in one Sidereal Day But Earth orbits the sun (revolves around) So it must rotate a little extra to point to the sun again for one Solar Day 4 minutes or 1 degree each day
7 When will the first quarter a) Sunset moon rise? b) Sunrise c) Noon d) Midnight e) Night time because the moon only comes out at night
8
9 Lunar Eclipse Movie Fred Espenak MrEclipse.com
10 Lunar Eclipse Geometry Umbra is dark part of shadow - no sun Penumbra is light part of shadow part of sun showing
11 Lunar Eclipse Animation Total Lunar Eclipse = Whole Moon in Umbra Partial Lunar Eclipse = Part of Moon in Umbra Penumbral Lunar Eclipse = Moon only in Penumbra
12 Time Lapse Partial Eclipses Time lapse shows moon moves thru Earth s shadow Curved shadow: Aristotle concludes Earth is sphere
13 Total Lunar Eclipse Moon moves its diameter in an hour Through the earth s umbra part of the shadow, ~2.5X moon s diameter =1.5 hours in totality
14 Red Moon in Totality White light from the sun scattered in Earth s atmosphere Blue scattered more so red gets through Color depends on clouds, volcanoes etc.
15 Lunar Eclipse as Seen from Moon
16 Solar Eclipse movie Fred Espenak s MrEclipse.com
17 Umbra=Total & Penumbra=Partial
18 Partial Solar Eclipse Most solar eclipses are partial and are not noticed Except by photographers Proper solar filters very important
19 Partial & Total Eclipses First the moon covers part of the sun = Partial phases When totality occurs it is about as dark as a night lit by a full moon The stars come out Lasts a few minutes Path of totality ~ hundred kilometers in diameter
20 Solar Corona Digital composite of 22 negatives 21Jun01 from Zambia Composite 01Aug07 eclipse, Russia Streamers and holes magnetic fields
21 Prominences Chromosphere is atmosphere of sun Prominences are Earth sized condensations in the Chromosphere
22 Moon at Apogee & Perigee Apogee= Far from Earth Perigee= Close to Earth
23 Annular Eclipse When Moon is at apogee and appears smaller than the sun Moon s shadow doesn t reach Earth
24 Eclipses Happen at Full &New Moons Solar eclipses happen only when the Moon is New Lunar Eclipses happen only when the Moon is Full
25 1 st Eclipse Season
26 2 nd Eclipse Season
27 Only at the Nodes of the Moon s Orbit Lunar orbit is tilted by 5 degrees So not all new/full moons are eclipses Eclipse season twice a year
28 Eclipse Seasons = solar eclipses; = lunar eclipses Eclipses happen when sun is at a node; ~twice a year
29 Precession of Moon s Orbit Line of nodes connects nodes = intersection of moon s orbit and Earth s orbit Moon s orbit precesses 360 in 18.6 years So Eclipse Season starts 19 days earlier each year
30 North American Total Solar Eclipses
31 Solar Eclipse 21Aug17
32 If there is a solar eclipse on 21Aug then: a. There could be a lunar eclipse on 28 Aug b. There could be a lunar eclipse on 07 Aug c. There could be a solar eclipse on 21 Oct d. The moon was passing thru the penumbra of the Earth s shadow e. The sun was at one node and the moon was at the other node
33
34 Columbus Predicts Lunar Eclipse 29 Feb 1504 Columbus was running out of food and the Jamaican natives would not trade for trinkets so He set up a meeting to coincide with the lunar eclipse
35 Saros Cycle Saros cycle (19 eclipse years=223 synodic months) = 18years 11days and 8hours After 3 Saros cycles= 54 yrs 1 month same eclipse occurs
36 The Big Moon Illusion Small Angle Formula Angular Diameter in arc seconds/ = Linear Diameter / Distance
37 Inner Corona & Diamond Ring Tenuous extremely hot outer atmosphere is called corona Occasionally sun shines through lunar valley forming Diamond Ring
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