Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Reduction and Fuel Efficiency Technologies Tires

Transcription

1 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Emissions and Fuel Efficiency in Canada, Conference Winnipeg, MB April 30 May 1, 2012 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Reduction and Fuel Efficiency Technologies Tires Stan Lew Industry Standards & Government Regulations Michelin North America, Inc. April 30,

2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO 2 Transportation Related 2

3 U.S. SmartWay Transport Partnership Voluntary Program Long Haul Vehicles SmartWay Transport Partnership launched 2004* 2,900 participants in 2011 SmartWay technology program LRR tire, aerodynamics, idle reduction, vehicle, retrofits. Results as of M barrels oil saved Emissions saved 16.5 MMT CO 2 (equivalent to 3M cars taken off the road) 235,000 tons NO x 9,000 tons particulate matter prevented SmartWay program benchmark used California and EPA/NHTSA GHG/FE truck regulations Europe, Japan, China, Australia, Canada, Mexico * 3/28/2011 SmartWay Program Highlights 3

4 Regulatory Responses H-D Vehicle GHG (Tractor-Trailer GHG) Emission Reduction* - Over the first 11 years, beginning in 2010 (rule effective). - Reduce statewide ~ 7.8 MMT CO 2 by Truckers/trucking companies savings ~ $8.6B and as much as 750M gallons diesel fuel in California. Based on diesel fuel cost of $3.14 to $3.69 over the 11 year period. GHG/FE standards for M-D and H-D engines and vehicles** M barrels of oil saved over the MY life of vehicles MMT CO 2 - $50 B in fuel cost savings projected * Effective January 1, ** Effective November 14,

5 Regulatory Responses Proposed Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations Environment Canada (Canada Gazette April 14, 2012) Transportation is one of the largest sources of GHG in Canada ~ 28% of total emissions in H-D vehicles ~ 24% of transportation emissions. Reduction of ~ 19.0 MMT CO 2 equivalent over the lifetime of vehicles produced in the model years Over the lifetime of vehicles produced in MY , the net benefit is estimated at present value = $4.2B Cdn. Alignment with US GHG/FE standards for M-D and H-D engines and vehicles Target effective MY

6 Global Regulations Landscape H-D Vehicle CO 2 and/or Fuel Consumption & Tires Canada 2014 (?) GHG/ FE U.S GHG/FE Calif GHG Mexico 2014 (?) FE Russia 2017 Max RR China 2014 Max RR Europe 2012 Max RR/Grading 2018 CO 2 Brazil 2014 Max RR/ Grading ( 6

7 Fuel Used To Move The Vehicle * Impact of Tires At 65 mph, aerodynamic drag consumes ~ 53% of the fuel. Mechanical losses consume ~ 15% of the fuel. Tire rolling resistance accounts for ~ 32% of the fuel consumed. Aerodynamic Drag Mechanical Losses Rolling Resistance Engine efficiency ~ 40% * Technology Roadmap for the 21 st Century Truck Program, Woodrooffe & Associates,

8 Evolution of Tire Rolling Resistance Solid Tyres Cross-Ply Tyres CRR [kg/t] Radial Tyres 10 Silica Tyres 5 0 Slide from Michelin North America, Inc Radial tires in 1946 (Radial truck ~ 1952) Introduction of silica in 1992 Optimization of architecture Optimization of material Optimization of tread design

9 Tire Industry Response? Low Rolling Resistance Truck Tires e.g. list of Smartway verified LRR tires continues to increase * * EPA SmartWay verified LRR tire list - March 2,

10 New Generation Wide Base Single NGWBS Tire Technology 1908 à first dual or paired tires introduced to increase load carrying capacity of heavy trucks. * 2000 à New Generation Wide Base Single (NGWBS) introduced to service the same applications as duals. 18-Wheeler à 10-Wheeler 18-Wheeler 10-Wheeler 275/80R22.5 / 295/75R /50R22.5 * North American Council for Freight Efficiency: Executive Report Wide Base Tires

11 NGWBS Tire Technology Department of Energy Study * 9.2% fuel economy improvement * Oak Ridge National Lab Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 27 Table 5.10, 2007 test, miles over 1 year 11

12 NGWBS Tire Technology NGWBS availability 7 major manufacturers (new) Retreadability Weight savings ~ 175 lbs per axle Retread examples (include fuel efficient designs) Service Simplicity Efficiency NGWBS vs duals (aluminum wheels) Michelin XDN2 drive / XTE trailer duals Michelin X One XDN2 drive / X One XTE trailer) 12

13 NGWBS tires used in U.S. legal size & weight limits Load capacity same as dual tire-fitted axles. U.S. limit 7,700 kg/axle (15,400 kg/tandem axle) approved across U.S./Canada border. Canada dual tire limit 17,000 kg/axle NGWBS parity with duals approved in Quebec & Ontario. Growing NGWBS popularity leads to use in extralegal size and load applications Majority of states grant permits equivalent to duals. Popularity may align additional states permit rules. Growth of applications NGWBS Tire Use Waste management, motor coaches, bulk delivery, etc. 13

14 Total Cost of Ownership - Example Current Tires Proposed Tires Steer Drive Trailer Drive Trailer Tire A B C D (NGWBS) E (NGWBS) Tire Runout Miles 91, , , , ,000 Tire Price $450 $475 $400 $1,100 $950 Tire RR Price of fuel/gallon $3.00 $4.00 Current Tire Annual Costs Proposed Tire Annual Costs Current Tire Annual Costs Proposed Tire Annual Costs Whole Fleet Whole Fleet Whole Fleet Whole Fleet Gallons of fuel consumed 1,714,286 Fuel Costs: $5,142,857 Tire Costs: $581,506 FUEL & TIRE ANNUAL COSTS $5,724,363 1,635,468 $4,906,404 $648,876 $5,555,280 1,714,286 $6,857,143 $581,506 $7,438,649 1,635,468 $6,541,872 $648,876 $7,190,748 ABC Fleet 100 tractors/200 trailers (6X4 pulling 4X0 trailer) Avg. annual miles/vehicle = 120,000 / Avg. mpg/vehicle =

15 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Reduction and Fuel Efficiency Technologies Tires Thank you for your attention! April 30,