Q1. The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil.
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1 Chemistry C1 Foundation and Higher Questions Q1. The table shows how much carbon dioxide is produced when you transfer the same amount of energy by burning coal, gas and oil. (a) Use the information from the table to complete the bar-chart. (3) (b) The second bar-chart shows how much sulphur dioxide is produced by burning the same three fuels. Compare the amount of sulphur produced by burning gas with the amount produced by burning coal. (c) (i) Coal and oil produce carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide when they burn. Page 1
2 What elements must they contain? (ii) Burning fuels also produce nitrogen oxides, even though the fuels contain no nitrogen. Explain why this happens (Total 9 marks) ## The table gives some information about a family of molecules in crude oil. NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS IN MOLECULE MASS OF MOLECULE (atomic units) (a) Show information from the table in the most appropriate way on the grid. Page 2
3 (3) (b) What is the mass of a molecule with three carbon atoms? (c) The other atoms in each molecule are all hydrogen atoms. What family of substances do all the molecules belong to? (d) The mass of a carbon atom is 12 atomic units. The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 atomic unit. So the molecule with one carbon atom has four hydrogen atoms. Its formula is CH 4. Write down the formula: (i) of the molecule with two carbon atoms... (ii) of a molecule from the same family with five carbon atoms... (Total 7 marks) Page 3
4 Q3. (a) The hydrocarbon C 16H 34 was heated strongly in the absence of air. This is one of the reactions which took place: C 16H 34 C 6H 14 + C 6H C 2H 4 This type of reaction is carried out because there is a greater demand for the products than for the original hydrocarbon. Suggest two reasons for this (b) A molecule of the compound methane, CH 4, can be shown like this: Draw a molecule of the compound ethene, C 2H 4. (c) Small molecules of substances called monomers can be joined together in polymerisation, eg. ethene poly (ethene). (i) complete the equation below to show formation of the polymer from the monomer propene. Page 4
5 (ii) Suggest the name of the polymer formed.... (Total 6 marks) Q4. Cassiterite is an ore of the metal tin. (a) What is an ore? (b) Some metals are obtained by removing oxygen from the metal oxide. What name do we give to this chemical reaction? (c) Name one metal which must be extracted from its melted ore by electrolysis rather than by using carbon. (Total 4 marks) Q5. A student is using a spirit burner to heat some water. Page 5
6 (a) Complete these sentences. Substances like methylated spirit which we burn to give out energy, are called.... The energy is given out as... energy. (b) Choose a word from this list to complete the sentence below. gases liquids solids The methylated spirit seems to disappear as it burns. The new substances produced during burning are mainly... (Total 3 marks) Q6. The formula for the compound hydrogen peroxide is H 2O 2. Write down everything that the formula tells you about each molecule of hydrogen peroxide Page 6
7 (Total 4 marks) Q7. Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction. magnesium + zinc oxide magnesium oxide + zinc Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction (Total 4 marks) Q8. Choose gases from this list to complete the word equations below. carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrogen oxygen sulphur dioxide (a) sodium + water sodium hydroxide (b) magnesium +... magnesium oxide. (Total 2 marks) Q9. The structural formulae of two saturated hydrocarbons are shown below. Page 7
8 Describe two ways in which they will differ in their physical properties (Total 2 marks) Q10. The following information suggests that South America and Africa were once attached and then moved apart. Page 8
![Suggest when South America and Africa began to move apart. [Make use of dates in your answer, where possible.]............... (Total 3 marks) Q11.](/docs-images/54/33406765/images/9-0.png "Copper metal can be extracted from a solution of copper(ii) chloride. Copper chloride is an ionic compound. State where the copper would collect and explain your answer fully.")
9 Suggest when South America and Africa began to move apart. [Make use of dates in your answer, where possible.] (Total 3 marks) Q11. Copper metal can be extracted from a solution of copper(ii) chloride. Copper chloride is an ionic compound. State where the copper would collect and explain your answer fully (Total 2 marks) Page 9
10 Q12. A student was trying to extract the metals from lead oxide and aluminium oxide. She heated each oxide with carbon in a fume cupboard as shown below. She was able to extract lead from lead oxide but not aluminium from aluminium oxide. (i) Explain the results of these experiments. (ii) Complete this word equation for the reaction between lead oxide and carbon. lead oxide + carbon (Total 5 marks) Q13. Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction. methane + oxygen water + carbon dioxide Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction Page 10
11 (Total 4 marks) Q14. This experiment shows a candle burning then going out. (a) Choose words from this list to complete the sentences in parts (i) and (ii) below. air carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrogen oxygen (i) When the candle wax is burning it is reacting with... from the.... (ii) One product of the reaction is... (b) Complete the following sentence. In another experiment a 200 cm 3 beaker is used. The candle will then burn Page 11
12 for about... seconds. (Total 4 marks) Q15. Lime (calcium oxide) is used in agriculture to reduce the acidity of soils. Describe, as fully as you can, the reaction by which lime is made. Name any other product(s) (Total 3 marks) Q16. In a car engine petrol burns in oxygen from the air. Two of the gases in the exhaust fumes are carbon dioxide and water vapour. This indicates that petrol contains the elements... and... (Total 2 marks) Q17. Petrol burns in oxygen from the air in a car engine. Two of the gases in the exhaust fumes are carbon dioxide and water vapour. This indicates that petrol contains the elements... and.... (Total 2 marks) Page 12
13 Q18. (a) Sulphur is a yellow element. It is a non-metal. (i) Complete the sentence. In an element, all the atoms (ii) Give two properties you would expect sulphur to have because it is a non-metal (b) Use the names of metals from the box to complete the table. copper iron magnesium manganese zinc Use Name of metal for electric wiring in a house... for manhole covers... to galvanise iron... (3) (c) Copper is used to make hot water pipes. Both iron and steel are cheaper. Suggest two reasons why copper is used rather than iron or steel Page 13
14 2.... (d) The drawing shows a container of a compound called sodium chloride. (i) Which other element has combined with sodium to form this compound?... (ii) For every atom of sodium, how many atoms of the other element have combined with it?... (Total 10 marks) Q19. The table shows some of the products which are obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Fraction A B a mixture of gases Nature of products a mixture of low boiling point liquids Page 14
15 C a mixture of high boiling point, yellow liquids (a) For each of the fractions A C give the name of an organic substance which could be part of the fraction and state a use for it. A... Use... B... Use... C... Use... (b) When burned in excess air, all the substances in fractions A C form the same two compounds. Give the formulae of these two compounds.... and... (Total 7 marks) Q20. Use the Periodic Table of Elements on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question. (a) Describe, in as much detail as you can, the structure of a fluorine atom. (3) Page 15
16 (b) Complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium atom. (Total 4 marks) Q21. Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow diagram shows how cement is made. (a) (i) Name the raw material X used to make cement.... (ii) In the kiln the raw materials are heated to about 1500 C. The limestone (calcium carbonate) is broken down at this temperature. Complete the word equation for this reaction. calcium carbonate... + carbon dioxide (iii) Suggest one major cost of this process other than the cost of the raw Page 16
17 materials.... (b) Cement can be used to make concrete. Name two substances that must be mixed with cement to make concrete (Total 5 marks) Q22. Crude oil contains many different hydrocarbons. (i) Which formula in the list represents a hydrocarbon? Draw a ring around the correct formula. CO 2 C 6H 12O 6 C 8H 18 H 2O (ii) Which word from the list below best describes crude oil? Draw a ring around the correct word. alloy compound element mixture (iii) Choose, from the list below, words to complete the passage about the separation of the hydrocarbons in crude oil by fractional distillation. atoms burned condensed evaporated filtered fractions ions molecules neutralised During fractional distillation the many hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into... each of which contains... with a similar number of carbon.... To do this the oil is first... and then... Page 17
18 at a number of different temperatures. (5) (Total 7 marks) Q23. (a) Burning fuels changes the Earth s atmosphere. The new substances produced are mainly gases. The following is a list of types of reaction. combustion cracking electrolysis fermentation neutralisation reduction Choose, from the list, the word which has the same meaning as burning. (b) The table shows the gases formed when four fuels, A to D, are completely burned in air. FUEL GAS FORMED ON BURNING CARBON DIOXIDE CO 2 WATER VAPOUR H 2O SULPHUR DIOXIDE SO 2 A B C D Which fuel, A to D, is hydrogen, H 2?... (Total 2 marks) Q24. Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow diagram shows how cement is made. Page 18
19 (a) What are the two raw materials used to make cement? (b) Cement is mixed with three substances to make concrete. Choose from the list the three substances used. crushed rock iron ore quicklime sand slag soda water (3) (Total 4 marks) Q25. The diagram represents a section through the Earth showing the layers which are labelled A, B, C and D. Page 19
20 (a) Give the name of: (i) layer A... (ii) layer B... (b) Give one difference between layer C and layer D. (Total 3 marks) Q26. One definition of an element is: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods The table below shows some of the substances which Antoine Lavoisier thought were elements. He divided the substances into four groups. He published these groups in The modern names of some of the substances are given in brackets. ACID-MAKING ELEMENTS GAS-LIKE ELEMENTS METALLIC ELEMENTS EARTHY ELEMENTS sulphur light cobalt mercury lime (calcium oxide) phosphorus charcoal (carbon) caloric (heat) oxygen azote (nitrogen) hydrogen copper gold iron lead nickel platina (platinum) silver tin magnesia (magnesium oxide) barytes (barium sulphate) argilla (aluminium oxide) silex (silicon dioxide) Page 20
21 magnese tungsten zinc (a) Name one substance in the list which is not a chemical element or compound. (b) (i) Name one substance in the list which is a compound.... (ii) Suggest why Lavoisier thought that this substance was an element (Total 3 marks) Q27. (a) Crude oil is a mixture of many compounds. Most of the compounds consist of molecules made only of carbon and hydrogen. Choose one word from the list below to complete the sentence. carbohydrates carbonates hydrocarbons hydrogencarbonate s Compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen are called... Page 21
22 (b) The fractions contain molecules with similar numbers of carbon atoms. The main fractions are shown in the table below. NAME OF FRACTION petroleum gases gasoline naphtha kerosene diesel oil lubricating oil residue NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS IN MOLECULES 1 to 4 4 to 12 7 to to to to 30 more than 30 Naphtha burns more easily than diesel oil. Explain why. (Total 2 marks) Q28. The diagram represents an atom. Choose words from the list to label the diagram. electron ion neutron nucleus Page 22
23 (Total 3 marks) Q29. The table shows the % composition by mass of modern British coins. COIN % COMPOSITION BY MASS copper nickel tin zinc p p, 10p, & 50p 1p &2p (until 1991) p &2p (1992 onwards) Copper plated steel (a) Use the Data Sheet to help you to complete the table by filling in the information about 5p, 10p and 50p coins which are made of cupronickel. Page 23
24 (b) Shade the pie chart to represent the % of copper in a 1 coin. (c) Name the metal present in: (i) all these coins,... (ii) a 1 coin but not in a 20p coin.... (d) The following is a list of properties. bends easily good conductor of electricity hard high melting point poor conductor of heat unreactive Page 24
25 From this list, choose two properties which coinage metals should have. For each property, give a reason for your answer. Property 1... Reason... Property 2... Reason... (Total 6 marks) Q30. (a) The list below gives six substances. aluminium beer copper milk pure water sodium chloride Put each substance in the correct column of the table. ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS MIXTURES (3) (b) Elements can be divided into two groups, metals and non-metals. The list below gives some properties of elements. brittle can be hammered into shape Page 25
26 dull good conductors of electricity poor conductors of electricity shiny Put each property into the correct column. PROPERTIES OF METALS PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS (3) (Total 6 marks) Q31. The diagram below shows a camping stove used by some students. A student wrote the report below to explain how the stove works. The report has had some words removed. Complete the report using words from the list. air chemical change liquids physical change argon gases nitrogen solid carbon dioxide heat energy oxygen water vapour Page 26
27 To use the stove a fuel called methylated spirits is poured into the burner and lit with a match. The holes in the base let... into the stove. This contains the gas called... which is needed for the fuel to burn. When the fuel burns, new substances are formed. This shows that a... takes place. When all of the methylated spirits has burned nothing is left in the burner. This shows that the new substances must all be.... Methylated spirits contains carbon and hydrogen. When the fuel burns the carbon is changed into.... The hydrogen is changed into.... When the fuel burns it gives out... which cooks the food in the pan. (Total 7 marks) Q32. The chart below shows the metals which are present in a coin. Page 27
28 (a) Identify the alloy used to make this coin.. Page 28
29 (b) The mass of the coin is 2.5 g. Calculate the mass of copper in this coin... (c) Suggest what properties would make an alloy suitable for making a coin. (3) (Total 6 marks) Q33. One step in the manufacture of lead is the reduction of lead oxide with carbon. Lead and carbon dioxide are the products of this reaction. (a) Write a word equation for this reaction. (b) What is meant by reduction? (Total 2 marks) Page 29
30 Q34. Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into fractions by the process of fractional distillation. State what is meant by: (i) hydrocarbon.... (ii) saturated.... (iii) fraction.... (Total 4 marks) Q35. Crude oil is a mixture of many saturated hydrocarbons. They can be separated into fractions by the process of fractional distillation. State what is meant by: (i) hydrocarbon.... (ii) saturated.... (iii) fraction.... (Total 4 marks) Page 30
31 Page 31
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