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1 LIVESTOCK SECTOR BRIEF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch AGAL April 2005
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface...ii 1. General Information... 1 Human population, land and socio-economics... 1 Human population trends... 2 Trends in agricultural land Livestock Resources... 2 Livestock populations...2 Contribution of different species to total livestock units... 3 Selected indicators of livestock resources... 3 Agro-ecological zones and densities of livestock species (2000) Livestock Production... 6 Trends in annual production of meat, milk and eggs... 6 Composition of total meat production... 6 Carcass weights and percentage slaughtered by species... 7 Milk yields and proportion of dairy animals... 7 Egg yields and proportion of laying birds... 7 Estimated feed used for livestock production... 8 Trends in annual per capita production of meat, milk and eggs Consumption of Meat, Milk and Eggs... 9 Trends in annual consumption of meat, milk and eggs... 9 Trends in annual per capita consumption of meat, milk and eggs... 9 Production versus consumption for meat, milk and eggs (2002) Trade in Livestock and Livestock Products...11 Trade in agricultural and livestock products Export/import dependency for livestock products Trade in live animals Trade in livestock products Livestock Health...14 Total number of cases/outbreaks of selected diseases reported in all susceptible species References and Further Reading...15 Data contained in this Livestock Sector Brief are taken from official sources. Official sources are no guarantee for data accuracy and the figures reported in this brief should be taken as indicative and not be used for official purposes. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations assumes no responsibility for its accuracy, completeness and coherence. FAO AGAL i
3 PREFACE The Livestock Sector Briefs (LSB) are intended to provide a quick overview and an approximate outlook for the livestock sector of the respective country using figures and quantitative indicators originating from official sources. The LSBs are complemented by a synthesis of policy documents available in the public domain. The majority of the data in the LSBs refer to the country as a whole and come from FAOSTAT, which is available on the internet ( FAO, as part of its mandate, compiles information and data on various aspects of food and agriculture from all countries. The data are analysed and interpreted to support FAO's programmes and activities and, in accordance with the basic functions of the Organization, they are disseminated to the public through publications, CD-ROM, diskettes and the Internet. The country level data are officially submitted to the Division for Statistics of FAO (ESS) by various ministries of the respective countries. For details of data collection procedures see The figures submitted often display inconsistencies across ministries, for example reported meat production does not always match reported meat consumption when taking into account imports and exports. FAO tries to reconcile the figures, to the effect that FAO statistics may differ from those originally submitted. The LSBs utilise FAOSTAT data from the following domains: human population, land use, agriculture production, food supply and agricultural and food trade. These are used to derive a standard set of indicators that can quickly be compared across the countries. Data on the economy are from the World Bank s World Development Indicators CD-Rom, which is also available online and is updated every year. Animal health data are taken from the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) HANDISTATUS II These are official data supplied by member nations. For any feedback and comment, please contact: Pius Chilonda - Livestock Information Analyst Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch Animal Production and Health Division Food and Agricultural Organisation Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome, Italy Tel: Fax: Pius.Chilonda@fao.org FAO AGAL ii
4 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Human population, land and socio-economics Human population million Population density on total land 31.8 persons/sqkm Annual growth rate ( ) 1.1 % Population in agriculture 6.1 million As proportion of total population 2.1 % Total land area Agricultural land 9,158,960 sqkm 4,118,630 sqkm As proportion of total land 45.0 % Land under pasture 2,337,950 sqkm As proportion of total land 56.8 % Irrigated area Agricultural land per 100 people Agricultural land per 100 people in agriculture Agricultural population density on agricultural land 225,000 ha ha 6, ha 1.5 persons/sqkm GDP 1 9,196,400 million US$ GDP annual growth rate ( ) 3.2 % GDP per capita/year 1 GDP per capita annual growth rate ( ) Agriculture, GDP 31,891 US$ 2.0 % As proportion of total GDP na % Livestock, GDP 1 As proportion of agricultural GDP na % na million US$ na million US$ Human development Rank 8 Ranking 2 Human development index Poverty incidence 3 Total na % Urban na % Rural na % 1 Constant 1995 US$ 2 The HDI rank is determined using HDI values to the fifth decimal point from 177 countries, as compiled by the UNDP; 3 National poverty line; na: not available Source: World Bank (2002); UNDP (2004); FAO (2005a) FAO AGAL 1
5 Human population trends Values expressed in 1,000 Population segment Year Annual growth rate (%) Total 231, , , , Rural 60,778 63,161 59,568 58, Urban 170, , , , Trends in agricultural 1 land Values expressed in sqkm Land type Year Annual growth rate (%) Total 4,281,630 4,269,480 4,128,770 4,118, Cropped 2 1,906,240 1,877,760 1,788,770 1,780, Pastures 2,375,390 2,391,720 2,340,000 2,337, The sum of area under arable land, permanent crops and permanent pastures 2 Arable and permanent crops 2. LIVESTOCK RESOURCES Livestock populations Values expressed in 1,000 Species Year Annual growth rate (%) Cattle 111,242 95,816 98,198 96, Sheep and goats 14,099 13,258 8,332 7, Pigs 67,318 53,788 59,342 59, Poultry 1,109,800 1,428,300 1,952,600 2,033, Total LUs 141, , , , LU: Livestock unit; conversion factors: cattle (1.0), sheep (0.15), goats (0.10), pigs (0.25) and poultry (0.01) FAO AGAL 2
6 Contribution of different species to total livestock units 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Poultry Pigs Sheep and goats Cattle 0% YEAR Selected indicators of livestock resources 2500 LIVESTOCK UNITS LUs per 100 people, total population LUs per 100 people, agricultural population YEAR 40 LIVESTOCK UNITS LUs per sqkm, total land LUs per sqkm, agricultural land YEAR FAO AGAL 3
7 Agro-ecological zones and densities of livestock species (2000) Density calculated on total land area Agro-ecological zones People/sqkm Cattle/sqkm Sheep/sqkm Source: FAO (2001), FAO (2005b) FAO AGAL 4
8 Pigs/sqkm Chickens/sqkm Beef offtake/sqkm Milk offtake/sqkm FAO (2005b) FAO AGAL 5
9 3. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Trends in annual production of meat, milk and eggs 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Meat, total 24,455 28,639 37,640 38, Beef 9,999 10,465 12,298 12, Mutton and goat Pig 7,536 6,964 8,597 8, Poultry 6,487 10,759 16,416 17, Milk, total 58,244 67,005 76,023 77, Eggs, total 4,126 4,034 4,998 5, Composition of total meat production 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Poultry Pig Mutton and goat Beef 0% YEAR FAO AGAL 6
10 Carcass weights and percentage slaughtered by species Species/year Carcass weight (kg/animal) Percentage slaughtered/year Cattle Sheep Pigs Poultry Milk yields and proportion of dairy animals Species/year Milk yield (kg/year) Percentage milked Cattle 5,393 6,705 8,254 8, Egg yields and proportion of laying birds Species/year Eggs (kg/year) Percentage laying Chicken FAO AGAL 7
11 Estimated feed used for livestock production 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Maize 107, , , , Barley 3,653 4,463 2,683 1, Sorghum 8,197 10,414 5,651 4, Millet Wheat 1,606 13,129 8,285 3, Brans 4,686 6,207 7,015 6, Rice Paddy, equivalent Roots and Tuber, dry equivalent Pulses Oil crops 749 2,084 3,649 3, Blanks represent no data Trends in annual per capita production of meat, milk and eggs KG/CAPITA/YEAR Meat, total Beef Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total YEAR FAO AGAL 8
12 4. CONSUMPTION OF MEAT, MILK AND EGGS Trends in annual consumption of meat, milk and eggs 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Meat, total 24,932 28,685 34,614 36, Beef 10,893 11,049 12,380 12, Sheep and goat Pig 7,584 7,228 8,424 8, Poultry 6,072 10,035 13,481 14, Milk, total 31,535 32,904 34,300 33, Eggs, total 3,595 3,418 4,125 4, Trends in annual per capita consumption of meat, milk and eggs 150 KG/CAPITA/YEAR Meat, total Beef Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total YEAR FAO AGAL 9
13 Production versus consumption for meat, milk and eggs (2002) METRIC TONNES (1,000) Production Consumption PRODUCT Meat, total Beef Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total FAO AGAL 10
14 5. TRADE IN LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS Trade in agricultural and livestock 1 products Values in billion US$ Product Exports Imports Total , , , ,440.0 Agricultural % agricultural Livestock % livestock Total trade in goods and services expressed in current US$. Source: World Bank (2002) Agricultural trade refers to all agricultural products, while livestock trade refers to trade in livestock products and live animals. Source: FAO (2005b) Export/import dependency for livestock products Product Exports as percentage of production Imports as percentage of consumption Meat, total Beef Sheep and goat Pig Poultry Milk, equivalent Eggs, total Product Net exports as percentage of production Net imports as percentage of consumption Meat, total Beef Sheep and goat Pig Poultry Milk, equivalent Eggs, total FAO AGAL 11
15 Trade in live animals Species Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Quantities (count) Cattle 66, , , ,991 2,135,000-2,015, ,584 2,191,199-1,709, ,394 2,505,279-2,261,885 Sheep and goats 123,521 20, , ,512 25, , ,027 52, , , , ,974 Pigs 16, , ,997 56, , ,475 69,342 4,359,355-4,290, ,659 5,741,275-5,534,616 Poultry (1,000) 38,319 4,684 33,635 53,584 6,892 46,692 53,232 11,956 41,276 58,330 17,481 40,849 Value (1,000 US$) Cattle 55, , ,558 88, , , ,727 1,172, , ,844 1,448,615-1,317,771 Sheep and goats 5,085 1,351 3,734 18,949 2,033 16,916 20,810 5,813 14,997 21,207 12,817 8,390 Pigs 6,732 25,981-19,249 10,160 96,964-86,804 11, , ,716 38, , ,934 Poultry (1,000) 48,796 4,209 44, ,217 16,073 85,144 98,082 24,110 73, ,749 31,557 74,192 Total 116, , , ,965 1,114, , ,541 1,501,943-1,099, ,978 1,794,101-1,498,123 Net trade: Exports less Imports Blanks represent no data FAO AGAL 12
16 Trade in livestock products Product Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Quantities (metric tonnes) Meat, total 582,129 1,153, ,762 1,206,672 1,411, ,107 4,693,589 1,831,719 2,861,870 4,433,061 1,967,086 2,465,975 Beef 86, , , , , ,798 1,165,207 1,308, ,925 1,071,868 1,370, ,643 Mutton and goat ,366-14,756 4,370 20,969-16,599 2,506 60,409-57,903 3,448 74,095-70,647 Pig 90, , ,218 98, , , , , , , , ,438 Poultry 343, , ,194 5, ,920 2,911,794 19,755 2,892,038 2,686,907 32,854 2,654,053 Other 61,816 12,753-74,569 64,868 4,714-69,581 33,964 7,846-41,810 18,203 9,429-27,632 Milk, equivalent 1,231, , ,886 1,030,521 1,245, ,844 2,885,840 1,952, ,713 2,616,270 2,032, ,503 Eggs, total 53,953 4,069 49,884 36,416 7,651 28,765 64,582 3,576 61,006 60,886 3,907 56,979 Hides and skins 547,425 35, , ,524 46, , ,985 91, , ,271 61, ,276 Value (1,000 US$) Meat, total 993,927 2,334,364-1,340,437 2,837,238 3,169, ,448 6,849,564 3,902,947 2,946,617 6,010,867 4,163,516 1,847,351 Beef 258,136 1,786,102-1,527,966 1,589,496 2,071, ,902 3,252,355 2,551, ,247 2,644,364 2,746, ,118 Mutton and goat 2,319 36,287-33,968 12,193 53,724-41,531 5, , ,510 6, , ,620 Pig 199, , , ,811 1,015, ,252 1,554,690 1,040, ,559 1,565,066 1,026, ,359 Poultry 403,173 1, , ,354 19, ,746 1,960,970 47,681 1,913,288 1,733,162 79,656 1,653,506 Other 131,121 24, , ,384 9, ,277 75,763 26, ,493 61,283 33,059-94,342 Milk, equivalent 142, , , , , , ,004 1,350, , ,769 1,299, ,607 Eggs, total 76,738 5,019 71,719 68,333 22,147 46, ,500 13,923 94, ,343 14,506 96,837 Hides and skins 1,050, , ,863 1,768, ,483 1,592,296 1,667, ,339 1,497,066 1,758, ,142 1,615,153 Total 2,264,116 3,027, ,008 4,928,523 4,200, ,109 9,214,472 5,437,782 3,776,690 8,421,274 5,620,540 2,800,734 Net trade: Exports less Imports Blanks represent no data FAO AGAL 13
17 6. LIVESTOCK HEALTH Total number of cases/outbreaks of selected diseases reported in all susceptible species Disease African swine fever Avian Influenza 1 (1984) (1984) (1984) (1984) (1984) (1984) (1984) Bluetongue / / / / / / / BSE /1 CBPP 3 (1892) (1892) (1892) (1892) (1892) (1892) (1892) Classical swine fever (1976) (1976) (1976) (1976) (1976) (1976) (1976) Foot and mouth disease (1929) (1929) (1929) (1929) (1929) (1929) (1929) Lumpy skin disease Newcastle disease 0/0 32/1 (06/1998) (06/1998) (06/1998) 74,257/302 2,960,813/630 Peste des petits ruminants Rift Valley fever Rinderpest Sheep and goat pox Swine vesicular disease Vesicular stomatitis / /130 (11/1998) (11/1998) (11/1998) (11/1998) (11/1998) 1 Highly pathogenic avian influenza 2 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy 3 Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia no/ no number of cases/outbreaks,... no information available, - disease not reported, 000 disease never reported; (month/year) date of the last reported occurrence of the disease in previous years Source: OIE (2004) FAO AGAL 14
18 7. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING FAO (2001) Agro-ecological Distributions for Africa, Asia and North and Central America, Consultants Report. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. FAO (2005a) FAOSTAT data. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. (accessed March, 2005). FAO (2005b) Global Livestock Production and Health Atlas. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. (accessed March, 2005). LandScan (2002) Global Population Database. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge. OIE (2004) HANDISTATUS II. Office International des Epizooties, Paris. (accessed March, 2005). UNDP (2004). The Human development Reports, United Nations Development Programme, New York. World Bank (2002) The 2002 World Bank development indicators CD-Rom. The World Bank, Washington DC. FAO AGAL 15
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