Alabama Headwaters: Ecosystem Services and Urban Impacts

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1 Using Green Infrastructure Buffers to Protect Natural Areas Alabama Headwaters: Ecosystem Services and Urban Impacts Alabama Chapter of the American Planning Association Annual Conference- Florence, Alabama Christopher J. Anderson, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Charlene LeBleu, College of Architecture, Design and Construction Rebecca Retzlaff College of Architecture, Design and Construction Auburn University, Auburn, AL 2 May 2013

2 Headwater streams and wetlands Smallest part of the river network Often make up 75-95% of the streams in a watershed. Furthest from the river's endpoint or confluence with another stream.

3 Headwater streams Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial Headwater wetlands Source: asla.org

4 Portions of 1: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) maps from Lawrence and Gallia Counties, OH illustrate the upper reaches of Buffalo Creek in Wayne National Forest (McCleary and Hamilton 1998).

5 Portions of 1: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) maps from Lawrence and Gallia Counties, OH illustrate the upper reaches of Buffalo Creek in Wayne National Forest (McCleary and Hamilton 1998).

6 NWI and topography for the area of Duncanville, AL

7 NWI and topography for the area of Lafayette, AL

8 NWI and topography for the area of Spanish Fort, AL

9

10 Ecosystem services provided by headwaters Water quality, sediment control Water storage Habitats

11 Headwater ecosystem services Reduced nutrients/pollutants downstream BENEFITS: Reduced water treatment costs, human health risks and degradation of downstream waters

12 Ecosystem services Controls sediment loads downstream BENEFITS: Reduced dredging costs, water treatment costs, and reduce the siltation of larger stream habitats Source: Hunter Nichols

13 Ecosystem services Water storage BENEFITS: Reduced local and downstream flooding

14 Ecosystem services Provides important wildlife habitat BENEFITS: Increased or maintained biological diversity Improved opportunities for hunting and fishing Source: Encyclopedia of Alabama.org

15

16 Urban alterations to headwater drainage Changed flow patterns to streams Changed velocity Reduced water quality

17 Headwater slope wetlands Landscape position of headwater slope wetlands (from Noble et al. 2007).

18 Forested landscape Headwater slope wetlands Landscape position of headwater slope wetlands (from Noble et al. 2007).

19 Urban landscape Headwater slope wetlands Landscape position of headwater slope wetlands (from Noble et al. 2007).

20 Urban alterations to stream morphology Straightened, cemented or culverted Impoundments Gully formation

21 COE, Yazoo Basin in northwest Mississippi

22 Summary Headwater streams and wetlands are common landscape features that have historically been ignored for their benefits. Headwaters are important for their numerous ecosystem services and societal values. Urban development has been shown to reduce/eliminate their value by altering drainage patterns.

23 Thank you

Henry Van Offelen Natural Resource Scientist MN Center for Environmental Advocacy hvanoffelen@mncenter.org

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