Composition of Selected Livestock Feeds

Transcription

1 DIVIION OF AGRICULTURE R E E A R C H & E X T E N I O N University of Arkansas ystem Agriculture and Natural Resources FA3043 Composition of elected Livestock Feeds hane Gadberry, h.d. Associate rofessor Animal cience Arkansas Is Our mpus Visit our web site at: ince feed is the major cost of producing livestock, most successful producers strive to meet the nutrient needs of their animals for an optimum level of performance at the lowest cost. Overfeeding or underfeeding leads to inefficient production and reduced profit potential, so making the most efficient use of feeds is of prime importance in securing profits. Rations must be properly balanced so that feeds are used most efficiently and animals remain healthy. Ration balancing is an important management tool the producer can use to maximize profits. To begin ration balancing, a list of available feeds and their cost or value should be compiled. Next, information on their composition should be obtained. Feeds can be divided into two basic groups forages and concentrates. Forages include pastures, hays, silages, haylages, crop residues and other high fiber feeds. Concentrates include energy feeds (corn, milo, wheat, etc.), protein feeds (cottonseed meal, soybean meal, etc.) and commercial formulations of energy and protein feeds. ince most commercial companies guarantee the quality of their feed products, testing is usually not necessary. However, the feed tag may not provide a full list of nutrients and energy content. Therefore, testing commercial feeds may be needed to determine the best feeding rate. Book values (as shown in this publication) can be used for nutrient content of grains and protein sources such as cottonseed meal and soybean meal unless there is a reason to suspect the feedstuff is not normal. Book values can also be used for byproduct feeds. However, nutrient composition of byproduct feeds can be highly variable, and a nutrient analysis is recommended when using these feedstuffs. Importance of Forage Testing Estimating the nutrient content of forages by visual evaluation or from book values will lead to errors in feeding. Nutrient values cannot be accurately estimated by visual appraisal or level of fertilization; forage nutrient composition can only be accurately assessed by laboratory methods. The nutrient content of plants varies from field to field, from farm to farm and from year to year as a result of differences in plant species and varieties, soil fertility, climatic factors (rain, wind, sunlight, temperature, etc.), stage of forage maturity and harvesting and storage methods. Therefore, the only way to know the quality of forage is to have it analyzed. Feed Composition Table Feed composition tables usually provide useful information on composition of concentrates, and they can provide some useful information on composition of forages when laboratory analyses are not available. The nutrient composition of the feeds in the following table was compiled from (1) information contained in Nutrient Requirements of Beef ttle, seventh revised edition, issued in 1996, under the direction of the ubcommittee on Beef ttle Nutrition, Board of Agriculture of the National Research Council, (2) a University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension ervice forage and poultry litter database, which is denoted in the table as AR for Arkansas Average composition values and (3) Dairy One Laboratories internet accessible database. University of Arkansas, United tates Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating

2 Hays Alfalfa Hay, Arkansas Alfalfa Hay, Early Bloom Alfalfa Hay, Early Vegetative Alfalfa Hay, Full Bloom Alfalfa Hay, Late Bloom Alfalfa Hay, Late Vegetative Alfalfa Hay, Mature Alfalfa Hay, Mid Bloom Bahiagrass Hay Bahiagrass Hay, Arkansas Bermudagrass Hay, Arkansas Bermudagrass Hay, Dairy One Bermudagrass Hay, Late Vegetative Clover Hay, Arkansas Clover Hay, Ladino Clover Hay, Red Dallisgrass Hay, Arkansas Fescue Hay Fescue Hay, Arkansas Fescue Hay, Full Bloom Johnsongrass Hay, Arkansas Mixed Grass Hay, Arkansas Orchardgrass Hay, Arkansas Orchardgrass Hay, Early Bloom Orchardgrass Hay, Late Bloom eanut Hay, Dairy One Ryegrass Hay Ryegrass Hay, Arkansas mall Grains Hay, Dairy One orghum udan Hay oybean Hay, Dairy One undangrass Hay, Dairy One C RD %C

3 ilage Alfalfa ilage, Early Bloom Alfalfa ilage, Full Bloom Alfalfa ilage, Mid Bloom Bermudagrass ilage, Dairy One Corn ilage, 35% Grain Corn ilage, 40% Grain Corn ilage, 45% Grain Corn ilage, 50% Grain Corn ilage, Arkansas Corn talks, Grazing Fescue ilage, Arkansas Ryegrass ilage, Arkansas mall Grains ilage, Dairy One orghum ilage orghum ilage, Arkansas orghum udan ilage, Dairy One orghum udan ilage, Arkansas orghum udan, ilage oybean ilage, Dairy One Wheat ilage, Arkansas Wheat ilage, Dough Other Roughage ubstitutes Corn talks, Arkansas Cotton Gin Trash, Dairy One Cottonseed, Hulls Grain orghum tubble, Arkansas eanut Hulls, Dairy One eanut tubble, Arkansas oultry Litter Breeder Hen, Arkansas oultry Litter Broiler, Arkansas Rice tubble, Arkansas ugarcane Bagasse, Dairy One Wheat traw Note: NRC (no row color), Dairy One (dark gray rows), Arkansas Forage Database (light gray rows) C RD %C

4 High rotein Feedstuffs eanut, Meal oybean, Meal Corn Gluten, Meal Corn Gluten, Meal 60%C Cottonseed, Meal ol 41%C Grains and Oilseeds Corn Dry, Grain 56 lb/bu Corn Grain, Cracked Corn Grain, Flaked Corn Ground, Grain 56 lb/bu Cottonseed, Black Whole Cottonseed, High Lint Oats, 32 lb/bu Oats, 38 lb/bu Rice Grain, Ground Rice Grain, olished orghum, Dry Grain orghum, Rolled Grain oybean, Whole Wheat Grain, Hard Red pring Wheat Grain, oft White Wheat, Ground Byproduct and Other Feedstuffs Bakery, Waste Bakery Byproduct, Dairy One Beet ulp, Dehydrated Brewers Grain, 21% Dry Matter ndy Byproduct, Dairy One Cereal Byproduct, Dairy One Corn Gluten, Feed Corn teep Liquor, Dairy One C RD %C

5 Byproduct and Other Feedstuffs Corn, Hominy Distillers Condensed olubles, Dairy One Distillers Gr., + olubles Distillers Gr., olubles Dehy Distillers Gr., Wet Grain creenings, Dairy One Molasses, Beet Molasses, ne otato Byproduct, Dairy One Rice, Bran (FULL FAT) oybean, Hulls Vegetable Byproduct, Dairy One Wheat, Middlings Note: NRC (no row color), Dairy One (dark gray rows), Arkansas Forage Database (light gray rows) C RD %C List of Abbreviations Used AF As Fed dry matter C crude protein RD rumen degradable protein total digestible nutrients digestible energy metabolizable energy net energy for lactation net energy for maintenance net energy for gain calcium phosphorus magnesium potassium sulfur

6 rotein (C) and Total Digestible Nutrients () by Month for Different Grazed Forage Types in Arkansas Brassicas Cool eason Annual Cool eason erennial Warm eason Warm eason Grass Legume Month C C C C C Jan 24 (3.9) 79 (5.6) 15 (3.8) 69 (7.4) Feb 24 (4.6) 79 (5.1) 14 (3.4) 66 (6.5) Mar 27 (4.3) 80 (6.0) 17 (5.6) 70 (8.8) Apr 19 (5.4) 71 (4.8) 22 (2.9) 75 (6.6) 18.4 (4.7) 68 (6.3) May 18 (4.5) 69 (3.5) 19 (2.6) 71 (4.7) 15 (3.7) 63 (5.7) 21 (5.3) 68 (8.9) Jun 18 (4.4) 70 (5.2) 17 (4.6) 65 (5.4) 17 (4.1) 64 (7.6) Jul 16 (3.2) 67 (3.2) 14 (3.8) 62 (6.6) 16 (5.4) 61 (8.1) Aug 14 (5.3) 65 (6.5) 14 (3.2) 64 (4.4) 15 (3.9) 62 (6.8) ep 16 (4.2) 66 (6.7) 14 (3.6) 64 (4.0) 14 (3.6) 63 (5.5) Oct Fall Growth 28 (6.5) Fall Growth 82 (7.5) 18 (3.9) 72 (6.4) 13 (4.6) 66 (4.3) Nov tockpile Growth 19 (6.5) Bulbs 10.5 (NA) tockpile Growth 71 (7.5) Bulbs 79 (NA) 30 (5.3) 82 (4.3) 19 (4.6) 73 (8.4) 12 (3.5) 65 (4.4) Dec 24 (5.3) 80 (5.8) 17 (3.4) 76 (7.5) 12 (4.2) 63 (4.8) Mean (standard deviation) Warm season values for October December reflect stockpiled forage. All values reported on a dry matter basis. rinted by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension ervice rinting ervices. DR. HANE GADBERRY is associate professor animal science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal cience, Little Rock. FA3043 D RV Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.. Department of Agriculture, Director, Cooperative Extension ervice, University of Arkansas. The Arkansas Cooperative Extension ervice offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, age, disability, marital or veteran status, genetic information, or any other legally protected status, and is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.