The American Revolution
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1 The American Revolution
2 The American Revolution Outline French and Indian War Start of Conflict First Continental Congress Lexington-Concord Second Continental Congress War Treaty of Paris, 1783 Conclusion
3 Wars With 2 Names European Name War of the League Of Augsburg War of the Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession Seven Years War Colonial Name King Williams War Queen Anne s War King George s War French & Indian War
4 French and Indian War Europeans fought for control of North America England & France left standing Last fight for dominance,
5 French and Indian War French #s = 90,000 English #s = 1.5 Million French advantages = Organization, experienced fighters, more Native allies Indians mostly against English Scalping tradition? First germ warfare Blankets from smallpox hospital given to Natives
6 French and Indian War 1. England won (Treaty of Paris, 1763) Canada and everything east of Mississippi BIG DEBT! 129,586, Colonial military trained 3. English worried about future problems Proclamation of 1763 Forbid settlers west of Appalachians
7 Start of Conflict England led by King George III ( ) Laws written by Parliament No colonial representation English expected colonies to help pay off debt 6 taxes/acts created after F & I War
8 Parliament s Acts/Taxes 1. Sugar Act (1764) = Sugar, coffee, wines 2. Currency Act (1764) = No printing colonial money 3. Stamp Act (1765) = 54 printed items listed 4. Quartering Act (1765) = colonies responsible for British troops needs 5. Declaratory Act (1766) = England has the right to pass taxes 6. Townshend Acts (1767) = tea and random items
9 Start of Conflict Colonists thought new taxes violated British laws People protested, boycotted, and rioted Sons of Liberty formed in Boston in 1765 Video Colonists exploded in anger after Townshend Acts 4,000 soldiers sent to Boston
10 Start of Conflict Protests turned violent in Boston, colonists killed in Boston Massacre Event united colonists against the British
11 Start of Conflict Boston Tea Party 1773 Rebellion against violation of rights Parliament made new laws, Intolerable Acts King George The die is now cast. The colonies must either submit or triumph.
12 First Continental Congress 12 colonies sent delegates to Philadelphia, PA We have not men fit for the times. We are deficient in genius, in education, in travel, in fortune in everything. John Adams Did NOT Declare Independence
13 Lexington-Concord British tried to end rebellion quickly British soldiers marched to Concord, 1775 Minutemen tried to block British in Lexington Shot Heard Round the World 8 colonists died
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16 Lexington-Concord Militia warned and ready at Concord Guerilla warfare Results = 74 British dead, 174 wounded! Britain declared colonies in state of rebellion
17 Second Continental Congress Thomas Paine s book Common Sense Colony delegates met again in Philadelphia, 1775 Colonies split on issues, agreed on a military George Washington leader as compromise Was G.W. there for the Dec. of Ind.? NO! Out fighting
18 Second Continental Congress Started to consider independence idea (June 76) Thomas Jefferson wrote draft (June 12-27) Document read/debated in Congress Independence declared July 2, 1776 Declaration of Independence adopted July 4, 1776
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21 Second Continental Congress 2 goals in the Dec. of Ind. 1. Reject British sovereignty 2. Win support for the war effort Public support from colonists 3 most important ideas/arguments: 1. Everyone has natural rights 2. Government is based on agreement/consent Protect Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness 3. Listed abuses from King George III
22 List of Charges Destroyed Authority of Colonial Legislatures Obstructing Justice Keeping Standing Armies During Peace Quartering Soldiers Taxes Without Consent Depriving Trial by a Jury of Peers Forcing Slavery Upon the Colonies!
23 War Colonial society was split Many Loyalists Up to 500,000/20% white population By wars end, left to Canada or England
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26 War Colonial army was first created with militias Slaves, indentured servants, poor, young, women Constantly short on supplies British army = ~50,000 professional soldiers +30,000 Hessian mercenaries Strongest navy in world Who do you think would win this war?
27 War 6 Main Reasons Colonists Won 1. Geographic size of North America (it s BIG!) 2. No national capital to conquer 3. British didn t use Loyalists 4. Guerilla tactics used by Colonists 5. Intervention of European Allies (FRENCH) 6. England s lack of focus
28 War Turning point of war = Saratoga (1777) 5,700 British surrendered France formally recognized US independence
29 War Video clip British Gen. Cornwallis setup in Yorktown, Virginia Washington realized potential victory 17,000 French & Continental surrounded Yorktown French ships prevented English help Oct. 17, 1781, Gen. Cornwallis surrender Last major battle of the revolution British started peace talks
30 Treaty of Paris 1783 Recognized U.S. independence Peaceful withdrawal of British forces* US territory = everything east of Mississippi Requirements Honor private debts* End to the seizure of Loyalist property
31 Conclusion Declaration of Independence = Free and Independent States my country = my state 13 colonies needed to make a decision Independent States or a United Country?
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