Biowaste in the European and Nordic Circular Economy

Transcription

1 Biowaste in the European and Nordic Circular Economy Henrik Lystad Assistant director Avfall Norge (Waste Management Norway) & Chair of ECN 1

2 Content European Compost Network (ECN) Source separation of Biowaste in Europe Biowaste in the circular economy EU package Circular economy EU Fertiliser directive Biowaste in the household waste Nordic biogas 2

3 European Compost Network - Members 22 Biowaste organisations from 14 countries ECN represents more than biological treatment plants with a treatment capacity of more than 20 M t per year in 24 European Countries. 3

4 European Compost Network General update, reports and newsletter, Facebook & Twitter-account: Info about quality assurance system: 4

5 Source separation of Biowaste in Europe Biowaste is an important Resource: % Biowaste in household waste Biowaste potential in Europe: 125 M tpa Today: 25 M tpa >100 million tonnes remains unused WFD 2008, Art. 11: MS shall set up separate collection to ensure high qualtiy recycling M tpa million tonnes per annum Source: Reterra Service GmbH,

6 Biowaste in the circular (bio)economy Organic waste Clean sources Consumption Bioenergy & Biobased Products Biowaste Sector Soil Compost/digestate 6

7 Benefits of the biological recycling Avoided climate gas emissions Around 10 Mio. t CO 2 -Equivalents Substitutions of fuel and energy, nutrients and peat replacement through biogas, compost and digestate. Also soil carbon storage Saved ressources Substituting 10 % P, 9 % N and 8 % Ca and peat through Compost (and digestate) Improved soil health through use of Compost increased organic content/humus, plant health, water capacity, decreased erosion Create grean jobs ( per mio tonnes/year) Source: COM (235)2010: Communication on Biowaste/ECN 7

8 EU Circular economy package of 2014 Future targets for waste management Waste hierarchy as leading priniple Reducing waste generation Strategy to reduce food waste Ensure high quality recycling Waste as a secondary raw material Limiting energy from waste to not recyclable materials Limiting landfilling to not recoverable waste 8

9 EU Circular economy package of 2014 The suggested targets in the package of July 2014: Recycling targets of municipal waste: 70 % within 2030; Recycling targets of packaging waste: 80 % within Definition of calculation methods for recycling Ban on landfilling recyclable plastics, metalls, glas, paper and cardboard as well as biological degradable waste within 2025; Introducing source separation of biowaste in MS within 2025 Support the development of Markets for high quality secondary raw materials Rohstoffe Use of End of Waste criteria also for biowaste 9

10 Future development July 2014 First CE package December 2014 Work program of new Commission withdrawing CE Aimed at publishing a new CE package by end of 2015 May Sept 2015: Stakeholder consultation (circular economy and waste markets) July 2015: Stakeholder conference with Timmermanns and MP Sirpa Pietikäinen July 2015: EU Parlament Report on Ressource efficiancy (Pietikäinen) with statements: Source separation of biowaste within 2020 Waste reduction targets for municipal and commercial waste within 2025 Landfill ban in three steps ( ) New draft 2 December

11 Status in Europe % 3 90 % 80 % % % 6 MS landfill < 10% 50 % % 30 % % % MS landfill 1 < 60% Recycled & Composted % Incinerated % Landfilled % MS landfill > 60% % Source: CEWEP/EEA

12 Revision of EU fertiliser directive New draft within end of beginning of 2016 Negotiations im EU Council and Parlament Decission in 2018 Important changes: Aim is to support introduction of recycling and organic fertilisers. Enwidened scope: Fertilisers, soil improvers, growing media, lime Environmental and hygienic product criteria for Compost and digestate, based on JRC draft EoW criteria from 01/2014 Struvite Biomass ashes Biochar 12

13 Household waste in the circular economy Yesterdays discussion: incineration or source separation Tomorrows topics How to get hold of the material to recycle it to renewable resources Man or machine Man and machine Source separation OR central sorting Source separation AND post sorting 13

14 Potential for recycling (%) 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 Returgrad 2013 Best practice 2030 kildesort Best practice 2030 kilde+sentral 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 våtorganisk papir plast glassemb metall tekstil Source: Mepex/Avfall Norge

15 How to separate mixed waste Wet or dry «easy» Biowaste: DM 25-40% - difficult Strategies needed: to keep residual waste dry to separate impurities from biowaste 15

16 Source separation of biowaste enables automatical sorting on residual waste Strategy: The moist must out of the residuals Why: To be able to sort out clean waste materials Solution: Separate collection of biowaste -> separation of recyclables in residual waste in sorting plant 16

17 Nordic biogas production Total: 3,9 TWh Figures app Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

18 The Nordic approach(es) Similarities Biogas has highest priority within biological treatment Codigestion normal where it makes sence (manure, waste and sewage) Need for clean energy important for biogas utilisation strategy (power generation or upgrading to transport fuel) Differences Incentives Power: DK/FIN: feed in tarifs S/N: certificates Fuel: S/N: Tax exemption DK: feed in tarifs Manure: N: feed in support Digestate/Compost quality criteria/system: N: Regulation (since 1996) S: Certification scheme (similar to ECN-QAS)

19 Sweden Limited gas grid and gas consumption Transportation challenge towards fossil free 57 upgrading plants 60 % biomethane in vehicle gas 138 public and 57 non public filling stations EU ban on landfill of organic matter a driver From 30,000 tonnes in 2005 To 250,000 tonnes in 2012 Figures app Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

20 Sweden methane for transportation (1%) (16%) 700 (1%) 2 % of vehicle fuel Buses important, stable market driving development Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

21 Norway Incentives Ban of organic waste in landfill since 2009 Support for manure:60 NOK/ton. Investment grants (small scale and industrial) pl. Norwegian-Swedish joint el. certificate (17-22 /MWh) Tax exemption for biogas for road transportation Investment subsidies for infrastructure Surplus of 100 % hydropower : Strong competition from electrical vehicles. 2015: approx 20 % of sales volume. Current use of biogas No development in CHP all in for transport. 176 filling stations (incl lpg stations) 31 LNG ferries > 1000 vehicles Figures app Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

22 Biogas for public transportation in Oslo

23 Thanks for your attention! Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

24 Sweden Support systems Production: Investment grants up to 45 % (KLIMP, Landsbygdprogram, Biogasutlysningen etcetera) For biogas plants and filling stations Power: No feed in tarifs Joint electricity certificate with Norway (value /MWh) Vehicle fuel: No tax on biogas (value 68 /MWh) 40 % reduction of income tax for use of company NGV Local soft incentives: Taxi lanes, parking incentives Challenge: Tax exemptions not approved in EU Expected to last to 2019, but probably only secured to end of 2015 Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

25 Denmark Main feedstock: Manure Target: 50% manure in biogas in 2020 (now: 7 %) Feed in tarifs for biogas Electricity from 115 DKK/GJ (decreasing to 2020) New: biomethane in grid: 115 DKK/GJ Trends Until now: only combined power/heat All new projects: upgrading to grid Widespread gas grid basis for both strategies Upgrading plants (2014): 4 filling stations 7 What about the biowaste?