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1 Chapter 5 Populations Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer? a. growth rate b. geographic distribution c. age structure d. population density 2. What does the range of a population tell you that density does not? a. the number that live in an area b. the areas inhabited by a population c. the births per unit area d. the deaths per unit area 3. What occurs in a population as it grows? a. The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate. b. The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases. c. The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate. d. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same. 4. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called a. logistic growth. b. growth density. c. demographic growth. d. exponential growth. 5. Which are two ways a population can decrease in size? a. immigration and emigration b. increased death rate and immigration c. decreased birthrate and emigration d. emigration and increased birthrate 6. As resources in a population become less available, population growth a. declines rapidly. b. increases slowly. c. reaches carrying capacity. d. enters a phase of exponential growth. 7. Which of the following is not likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population? a. disease c. drought b. competition d. predation Chapter 5 Test A 41

2 8. Which will reduce competition within a species population? a. fewer individuals c. fewer resources b. higher birthrate d. higher population density 9. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the a. death rate may rise. c. death rate must fall. b. birthrate may rise. d. birthrate must fall. 10. Which would be least likely to be affected by a densitydependent limiting factor? a. a small, scattered population b. a population with a high birthrate c. a large, dense population d. a population with a high immigration rate 11. Which density-dependent factors, other than the predator/prey relationship, affected the populations of moose and wolves on Isle Royale? a. extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves b. parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose c. a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves d. food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf 12. Demographic transition is change from high birthrates and high death rates to a. exponential growth. b. a low birthrate and a low death rate. c. a low birthrate and a high death rate. d. indefinite growth. 13. About 500 years ago, the world s population started a. decreasing. b. to reach carrying capacity. c. growing more rapidly. d. to level off. 14. In Rwanda, there are more young children than teenagers, and more teenagers than adults. This age structure indicates a population that a. has stopped growing. b. will double in 30 years. c. has a steady growth rate. d. will decrease in 30 years. 15. In countries like India, the human population is growing a. exponentially. c. logistically. b. transitionally. d. demographically. 42 Chapter 5 Test A

3 Completion Complete each statement on the line provided. 16. When an individual moves into a population from a different population, it is called. 17. Zero population growth is a characteristic of growth. 18. Under conditions of logistic growth, population size will rise and fall around an average point called a(an). 19. Resource shortages triggered by increasing population size are density- limiting factors. 20. Social and factors explain why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow slowly or not at all. Short Answer In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided. 21. How does emigration affect population size? 22. What is a density-independent limiting factor? Give two or three examples. 23. What kept the human growth rate low before the Industrial Revolution? 24. How can a demographer, or scientist who studies demography, predict how a population will change in the future? 25. How does population growth in the United States compare with that of China and India? Chapter 5 Test A 43

4 Using Science Skills Use the graphs to answer the following questions on the lines provided. Graph I shows the curve for a culture of Paramecium aurelia. Graph II shows the growth curve for a culture of Paramecium caudatum, a larger species. Graph III shows the growth curves of each species when they are grown together. 26. Interpreting Data According to Figure 5-1, which species has the greater initial growth rate when they are grown in separate cultures? 27. Interpreting Graphics From Figure 5-1, which species has the greater growth rate overall when grown together? Describe the growth curve of P. caudatum in Graph III. Figure Observing What type of population growth curve can be observed in Graphs I and II of Figure 5-1? 29. Drawing Conclusions What is the most likely explanation for the decline of the P. caudatum shown in Graph III of Figure 5-1? 30. Drawing Conclusions Are the limiting factors for all cultures in Figure 5-1 density-dependent or density-independent? Explain. 44 Chapter 5 Test A

5 Essay Write the answer to each question in the space provided. 31. Discuss four ways population sizes can change. 32. Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth. 33. Explain the limiting factors that control population growth. Chapter 5 Test A 45

6 34. Differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. 35. Sequence the historical events that contributed to the current human population growth. 46 Chapter 5 Test A