PRESENTATION OUTLINES. National Policy on Climate Change: Goals and Aspirations for Forestry and Ecosystems. National Policy on Climate Change

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1 PRESENTATION OUTLINES National Policy on Climate Change: Goals and Aspirations for Forestry and Ecosystems National Policy on Climate Change - forests and ecosystems Emissions trends from land use change Forest mitigation and adaptation measures Synergy between forest mitigation and adaptation Science based actions Way Forward National Policy on Climate Change Policy statement: ensure climate-resilient development to fulfill national aspirations for sustainability Principles P1: on a Sustainable Path Integrate climate change responses in national development plans to fulfil the country s aspiration for sustainable development. P: Sustainability of Environment and Natural Resources Initiate actions on climate change issues that contribute to environmental conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. P3: Integrated Planning and Implementation Integrate climate change considerations into development planning and implementation. P: Effective Participation Improve participation of stakeholders and major groups for effective implementation of climate change responses. P5: Common but Differentiated Responsibility International involvement on climate change will be based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. OVERALL FRAMEWORK Climate Change Key Actions to Achieve Goals Vulnerability Resilience Economic Vulnerability Economic Resilience Resources Economy Social Industry Finance Trade Land Water Forestry Mineral Climate Resilient Agriculture Industry Biotechnology Food Security Water Sufficiency Irrigation Livelihood Safety & Security Social Welfare Climate Proof Emission Reduction / Sink Enhancement Carbon Offset Schemes Climate Friendly Technology Financing & Investment Insurance Schemes Low Carbon Economy Climate Resilient Economy Integrate balanced adaptation and mitigation measures into policies and plans on environment and natural resources Conserve and enrich carbon pools in natural ecosystems including plantation and promote rehabilitation of sensitive and degraded ecosystems through sound management practices and land use planning Identify and recognise the attribute and value of ecosystem services and integrate into the development planning process Develop national carbon accounting systems (MRV) and baseline studies of forest ecosystems Develop multiple national and hydroclimate projection models for identifying vulnerabilities and assessing potential impacts of climate change 1

2 Key Actions to Achieve Goals Integrate climate change considerations at the plannning level by applying tools that includes the following: Integrated environmentally sensitive areas Strategic environmental assessment Economic Evaluation Ecological Services Sustainable Indicators Establish and implement a national R&D agenda on climate change taking into consideration areas including forestry and ecosystem services Institutionalise measures to strengthen effective linking of climate science and policy CO emis ssions (PgC y -1 ) 1 CO Emissions from FF and LUC (19-9) Fossil fuel Land use change LUC emissions now ~1% of total CO emissions Updated from Le Quéré et al. 9, Nature Geoscience Emissions from Land Use Change (15-9) Emissions from Land Use Change (15-9) CO emis ssions (TgC y -1 ) Tropical Temperate CO emiss sions (Tg C y -1 ) 1 - Latin America S & SE Asia Tropical Africa R.A. Houghton 1, GFRA 1 R.A. Houghton 1, personal communication; GFRA 1 Anthropogenic Global Carbon Dioxide Budget Forests, Ecosystems and Climate Change Forests respond sensitively to climate change Increased number and scale of natural disasters at local level causing wide-spread and unusual changes in forest due to climate change Forest plays an important role in global carbon cycle and holds significant carbon stocks, thus influencing climate change measures ensure continued ecosystem services that are essential for human well being Global Carbon Project 1

3 Carbon Stocks of Malaysian Forest (FRA, 1) Carbon (Million metric ton) - Malaysia Carbon in above-ground Carbon in below-ground Sub-total: Living Carbon in dead wood n.a n.a n.a Carbon in litter Sub-total: Dead wood and litter Soil carbon n.a n.a n.a n.a TOTAL Future Baselines Forest Cover Policy intervention: Imperative Forestry - sector where synergies exist between mitigation and adaptation and mitigation measures interlink and compatible Linking mitigation and adaptation interventions provides greater benefits especially to local communities while addressing global concern These synergies enhance diversification of resources, reduce risk, stablize livelihoods and enhance forest resilience to climate change through sustainably managed forest Approaches for Forest No intervention Business as usual, assuming forest will adapt like in the past Reactive intervention Interventions post disturbances/change Planned intervention Redefining forestry management and goals in view of climate change related risks and uncertainties Science to support interventions SFM and Climate Change SFM provides a flexible, robust, credible and well-tested framework for simultaneously reducing carbon emissions, sequestering carbon and enhancing adaptation to climate change supply environmentally products, protect biodiversity, protect water quality, etc 3

4 Integration of Thematic Elements of SFM in adaptation strategies 1. Extent of forest resources maintaining significant forest cover and stocking;. Biological diversity-its conservation and management; 3. Forest health and vitality-reducing fires, pollution, invasive species, pests and diseases;. Productive functions maintaining i i production of wood and non-wood forest products; 5. Productive functions-in relation to soil, hydrological and aquatic systems;. Socio-cultural and economic functions the support provided by forests to the economy and to society; and 7. Legal, policy and institutional framework- to support the above themes Synergies between and measures Mangrove conservation Forest conservation and SFM Adaptive function Protection against storm surges, sea level rise and coastal inundation Maintenance of nutrient and water flow Preventions of landslides carbon stocks carbon stocks and sequestration capacity Reduction emissions from deforestation and forest degradation species that live or breed in mangroves habitat for forest plant and animal species Resilient ecosystem Synergies between and measures Restoration of degraded wetlands Establishment of agroforestry in agricultural land Adaptive function Maintenance of nutrient and water flow, quality, storage and capacity Protection against floods or storm inundation and fires Diversification of agricultural production to cope with changed climatic conditions Reduced emissions from soil carbon mineralization Carbon storage in both above and below ground and soils wetland flora and fauna through maintenance of breeding grounds and sites for migratory species biodiversity in agricultural landscape Science to Support Measures Need for interaction between policy makers, researchers and forest managers for effective application of research outputs Insufficient data Multi-scale forest monitoring vital for planned adaptation to forest management Remote sensing for early detection of forest change & health Vulnerability and risk assessment of changes within and outside forest especially for tropical forest complex interdependence of organism and narrow climatic niche Effects of Climate on Forest Productivity and Need a long term data to detect changes on stand structure, aboveground, net productivity Long term ecological plots proved useful eg Pasoh and Lambir 5 ha plot Rate (Mg/ha/yr) Aboveground Biomass Changes 9 Pasoh Lambir Growth (Mg/ha/yr) Mortality Net Growth (Mg/ha/yr) Mortality Net Aboveground growth rate AGB mortality rate Increased mortality due to drought Fast growing group had greater mortality than slow growing Chave et al

5 Way Forward Science based actions Impact assessment of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity Modeling of forest ecosystem response and vulnerability Long term monitoring programs with frequent re-measurement cycle Cost benefit analysis and economic impacts Identify management interventions that yield useful outcomes Review of national law and legislation Benefit sharing system Payments for ecosystem services THANK YOU 5