Test Format multiple choice questions:

Transcription

1 The exam will have questions from these categories: grammar vocabulary derivatives reading comprehension Latin II Final Exam Study Guide Test Format multiple choice questions: Nouns: Be sure to know the endings of all 5 declensions. Gender of 1 st decl. (mostly) 2 nd decl & 3 rd decl can be ALL genders, 4 th and 5 th. 1. Fill in this chart with the 1st declension endings: 2. Fill in this chart with the 2nd declension endings MASCULINE: 1

2 3. Fill in this chart with the 2nd declension endings NEUTER: 4. Fill in this chart with the 3 rd declension endings MASCULINE/FEMININE 5. Fill in this chart with the 3 rd declension endings NEUTER By now, you should be able to look at a noun and 1) determine its declension from the sing. 2) determine its base (stem) 3) decline it with correct endings in sing./plural. PLEASE practice this!!!! 2

3 6. Fill in this chart with the 4 th declension endings: 7. Fill in this chart with the 5 th declension endings. 8. Be sure to know these NEUTER RULES: The and cases have the same endings both for singular and for plural.. In the plural the nom. and acc. cases always end in the letter Neuter nouns are found in the,, and declensions only. 9. Dative Case will follow certain adjectives (translate these examples!) necesse est tibi difficile est mihi decōrum est nōbis licet mihi servus est amīcus omnibus meus canis nōn est fidēlis mihi Also, the dative case will be used for the direct object of special verbs such as persuādeō, appropinquō, pāreō, faveō, respondeō, crēdō, placēre, obstō 10. Review the vocative forms of the 2 nd declension. WRITE OUT THE vocative RULE!!! 3

4 Pronouns 1. Relative pronouns introduce dependent clauses and agree with their antecedent* in gender and number ONLY; the case of the relative pronoun is determined by its function in the relative clause. * The antecedent is the noun that the relative pronoun refers to. It may come before or after! Fill in this chart with the forms of the relative pronoun quī, quae, quod Mas. Fem. Neut. 2. Personal pronouns [he, she, it] is, ea, id Fill in the chart with their forms. Mas. Fem. Neut. 4

5 3. The demonstrative pronouns hic, haec, hoc [this/these]. Fill in the chart with their forms. Mas. Fem. Neut. and ille, illa, illud [that/those]. Fill in the chart with their forms. Mas. Fem. Neut. 5

6 4. PERSONAL PRONOUNS: 1 st & 2 nd persons: I, you (sing.); we, you (plural;) First person I, we Second person - you Nom. Dat. Acc. Abl. Nom. Dat. Acc. Abl. 4. The reflexive pronoun suī, sibi, sē, sē- means himself, herself, itself, themselves. It does not have a nominative form and it is declined the same in singular and plural. It is always an object, never a subject, and always refers back to the subject of the sentence. e.g. puer sē in aquā vīdit. Interrogatives Review how to ask questions using the words num, nōnne, and the enclitic ending -ne. -ne is attached to the first word in a Latin sentence to indicate a simple yes/no question. estne Mārcus Rōmānus puer? num - is also used as an introductory word in a Latin sentence to show a negative response is anticipated. num Mārcus est Rōmānus puer? nōnne - is also used as an introductory word in a Latin sentence to show a positive response is anticipated. nōnne Mārcus est Rōmānus puer? 6

7 Interrogative adverbs and pronouns are used to introduce Latin questions. quis quid ubi cūr Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in GENDER, NUMBER, CASE. 1. review 1 st and 2 nd declension adj. (magnus, -a, -um) 2. 3 rd declension adjectives differ from 3 rd declension noun endings in two cases: a long -ī will replace the short -e in the abl. sing. the genitive plural ends in -ium rather than -um. 3. Adjectives have 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative e.g. clārus, clārior, clārissimus malus, pēior, pessimus ācer, ācrior, ācerrimus The comparative degree has 3 rd declension noun endings. The superlative has 1 st and 2 nd declension endings. REMEMBER: the comparative declines like a regular 3 rd declension noun! 4. When the neuter form of the adjective is used with a form of est, the subject is the pronoun, it. e.g. bonum erat vidēre rēgīnam. 5. Review changing adjectives into adverbs. miser gravis 6. Uses of the Latin word quam with adjectives and adverbs. With the positive, quam means how. e.g. quam callidus est Quīntus! With the comparative quam means than. e.g. Clēmēns est callidior quam Grumiō. B. quam with the superlative of the adverb is translated as as possible. e.g. quam celerrimē = as quickly as possible 7

8 Also, when quam means than in a comparison, the case that comes before it will follow it. e.g. agricola habet canem celeriōrem quam equum. B. Remember that quam can also be a relative pronoun (feminine!) meaning whom or which. Prepositions: These prepositions pattern with the ablative case. sub, in, dē, sine, prō, prae, ā (ab), cum, ē (ex) Remember: SID SPACE, the ablative case! These prepositions pattern with the accusative case. ad, prope, trāns, per, apud, inter- or any preposition that isn t SID SPACE! Verbs 1. Review the present and imperfect tenses of regular verbs as well as these irregular verbs: sum, possum, ferō, volō, nōlō, eō The present tense uses the and principal parts. The endings for regular present tense verbs are The imperfect tense uses the principal part. The endings for regular imperfect tense verbs are Conjugate the following irregular verbs in the present tense sum possum fero volo nolo eo 8

9 Conjugate the following irregular verbs in the imperfecttense sum possum fero volo nolo eo 2. Review the perfect and pluperfect tenses of regular verbs and the irregular verbs sum, possum, and fero. The perfect tense uses the principal part. The endings for the perfect tense are. The perfect tense is translated as The pluperfect tense uses the principal part. The endings for the pluperfect tense are The pluperfect tense is translated as B. All verbs are regular in the perfect and pluperfect tenses! 3. Review the imperative mood of verbs from each conjugation and the use nōlī and nōlīte in the formation of a negative command. e.g. puer, nōlī currere! e.g. puerī, nolite currere! 4. Present participle is a verbal adjective formed by adding -ns to the present stem. This form has 3 rd declension adjective endings. It is always translated by adding -ing to the meaning of the verb. e.g. servus aquam portāns erat meus amīcus. nōs servum cibum ē triclīniō capientem vīdimus. 9