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1 Syllables V/CV, VC/V Directions Circle each word in the box with the long vowel sound in the first syllable. Underline each word in the box with the short vowel sound in the first syllable. Then write each word in the correct column. lady lemon finish baby robot panel spider polish moment credit long vowel short vowel Directions Circle each word in the box with the long vowel sound in the first syllable. Underline each word in the box with the short vowel sound in the first syllable. Then use the words to complete the sentences. Write each word on the line. menu female motor seven zebra 11. A horse is called a mare. 12. A has black and white stripes. 13. A is a list of food. 14. There are little chicks. 15. A is an engine. Home Activity Your child identified words that have a long or short vowel sound in the first syllable. Ask your child to read the long and short vowel words he or she circled or underlined on the page above. Help your child use some of these words to write a story. Phonics Syllables V/CV, VC/V 109

2 Main Idea and Details The topic is what a piece of writing is about. The main idea is the most important idea about the topic. Supporting details are small pieces of information about the main idea. Directions Read the following passage. Complete the graphic organizer below. What if you wanted to cross Antarctica? What would you need to take along? You would need warm clothes, such as a parka and fur-lined boots. You d also need bulky socks, thick pants, and the warmest mittens you could find! Don t forget to bring your own food. You could warm frozen casseroles over a fire and eat nuts and snack bars during the day. At night you ll need a sleeping bag. Take the warmest one you can find so you are sure to keep warm all night long! 3. Detail 1. Topic 2. Main Idea 4. Detail 5. Detail Home Activity Your child found the topic, main idea, and details in a passage. Read a nonfiction book to your child. To find the topic, ask, In one or two words, what is the book all about? To find the main idea, help your child make a sentence that tells the most important part about the topic. Then ask your child to list several details that tell more about the main idea. 110 Comprehension

3 Writing Cinquains Key Features of Cinquains five-line poems that begin and end with a single word usually commas in the second and third line, separating the words Play Puppy Silly, happy Running, jumping, playing Now it s time for Sleep 1. Name one key feature that you see that makes this poem a cinquain. 2. What images of puppies do you see in your mind when you read Play? Writing Cinquains 111

4 Vocabulary Check the Words You Know hatch snuggles flippers cuddles pecks preen frozen Directions Choose the vocabulary word from the box and write it next to its meaning. 1. taps at 2. turned into solid ice 3. limbs used for swimming 4. to make yourself clean and neat 5. curls up comfortably Directions Write the word on the line that fits the meaning of the sentence. 6. Mother the little baby penguin. 7. The chick is about to out of its egg. 8. Penguins use their to help them swim. 9. The penguins their young until their feathers are clean. 10. It was so cold that we could ice skate on the lake. Write a News Report On a separate sheet of paper, tell what happens when a penguin chick hatches. Describe the setting and the sequence of events using as many vocabulary words as possible. 112 Vocabulary Home Activity Your child identified and used vocabulary words from. Read a story or a nonfiction article about penguins with your child. Discuss the story using this week s vocabulary words.

5 Common and Proper Nouns A common noun names any person, place, or thing. A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns begin with capital letters. The names of days, months, places, and holidays are proper nouns. Historical periods and special events are also proper nouns. Common Nouns You can see penguins at some zoos. Proper Nouns On Labor Day, a penguin from Africa was displayed at the New York State Fair. Capitalize each important word in a proper noun: Fourth of July, Civil War. Directions Write C if the underlined noun is a common noun. Write P if the underlined noun is a proper noun. 1. There are not many emperor penguins in our country. 2. A sea park in San Diego has an emperor penguin. 3. Jon went to the zoo on Independence Day. 4. He saw penguins and other unusual animals. 5. Whales and penguins are popular sea park attractions. Directions Underline the common nouns and circle the proper nouns in the sentences. 6. Alaska became a state on January 3, Penguins do not come from the United States. 8. Seals and polar bears like the cold weather. 9. The Millers will visit Juneau at Thanksgiving. 10. The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is held in March. Home Activity Your child learned about common and proper nouns. Have your child write the names of friends and family members and explain why the names are proper nouns. Conventions Common and Proper Nouns 113

6 Syllables V/CV, VC/V Missing Words Write the missing list word. 1. It is easy to this camera. 2. The of the plane has white hair. 3. My flute teacher has a new. 4. The mother cat had two male kittens and one kitten. 5. This type of has two humps on its back. 6. You will be able to swim better after a little rest. 7. The song had a beat. 8. I pulled the children in a. Spelling Words finish pilot even wagon music silent rapid female lemon pupil focus robot tulip camel salad Syllables Find the list word that fits each word. Write the first syllable, the second syllable, and the complete word. First Second Base Syllable Syllable Word 9. song 10. flower 11. fruit 12. end 13. vegetables 14. quiet 15. machine Home Activity Your child divided long vowel and short vowel words into syllables and wrote them. Say a list word. Spell the first syllable, and have your child spell the second. 114 Spelling Syllables V/CV, VC/V

7 Writing Diamante Poems Key Features of Diamante Poems seven lines first and last lines have one noun, usually with opposite meanings second and sixth lines have adjectives third and fifth lines have verbs (-ed or -ing) fourth line has four nouns Plants and Animals Plants Leafy, healthy Watering, feeding, growing Gardens, yards, forests, jungles Running, hunting, surviving Brave, wild Animals 1. Name one key feature that you see that makes this poem a diamante. 2. What images of animals do you see in your mind when you read Plants and Animals? Writing Diamante Poems 115

8 Vocabulary Synonyms Sometimes you come across a word you don t know. The author may give you a clue about its meaning. The clue may be a synonym, a word that means the same thing. Look for synonyms to figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words. Directions Read the sentences. One word is underlined. Circle the synonym of the underlined word. Write the meaning of the underlined word on the line. 1. The chick pecks at the inside of the egg. After the chick taps a hole in the egg, the chick can leave the egg. 2. She made an error in her spelling, so she fixed the mistake. 3. Penguins use their flippers or their fins to swim quickly. 4. Penguins preen their chicks by cleaning and brushing them with their beaks. 5. The penguin chick must stay on its mother s feet to remain warm. 6. Penguins hunt creatures of the sea, such as the tiny animals called krill. 7. The newborn chick was very fluffy, with soft and fuzzy feathers all over it. 8. Like human children who love hugs, penguin chicks love to cuddle. 116 Vocabulary Home Activity Your child used context clues such as synonyms to figure out the meaning of new words. Read a story together and encourage your child to find synonyms in the text that help to figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

9 Dictionary/Glossary A dictionary is a book of words and their meanings. A glossary is a section of a book with a list of difficult words and their meanings from the book. A glossary is usually found at the end of a book. In both a dictionary and a glossary, words are listed in alphabetical order. Guide words are printed in large dark type at the top of each dictionary or glossary page. They show the first and last entry words on the page. Directions Use the dictionary page to answer the questions. romp roost rook, n. 1 a large black European bird related to a crow, that lives in large flocks 2 a cheat 3 v. to cheat or trick someone rookery, n. a breeding place for certain animals or birds, such as seals or penguins rookie, n. a beginner, as on a police force or in a sport 1. Which word can be used to describe a baseball player during his or her first year on the team? 2. Which entry word or words can be used as a verb? 3. Find the entry word rook. Which meaning of rook is used in this sentence? The rook flew into the tree. 4. What are the guide words on this page? 5. Which of these words could also be found on this dictionary page: round, roll, roof, rock? Home Activity Your child read entries in a dictionary and used them to answer questions. Have your child practice looking up words in a dictionary or a glossary with you. Research 117

10 Syllables V/CV, VC/V Spelling Words finish silent focus pilot rapid robot even female tulip wagon lemon camel music pupil salad Proofread an Announcement Circle five misspelled words in this announcement about a special concert. Write the words correctly. Then write the word with a capitalization error. Don t miss Friday s concert! The musik will focus on early america. You will evin hear a jug band. The f group will sing favorit songs about wagen trains, the Gold Rush, and California. Frequently Misspelled Words favorite before pretty Proofread Words Fill in the circle to show the correctly spelled word. Write the word. 7. saled salad salade kamel camel camal silent silant sylent leman lemen lemon finash finish fenish rowbot robat robot 12. Home Activity Your child identified misspelled multi-syllable words with long and short vowels. Ask your child to explain how to divide a multi-syllable word (immediately after a long vowel; after the consonant that follows a short vowel). 118 Spelling Syllables V/CV, VC/V

11 Common and Proper Nouns Directions Read the selection. Then read each question that follows the selection. Decide which is the best answer to each question. Mark the space for the answer you have chosen. Penguins in America (1) There are not many penguins in our country. (2) Penguins do not come from the United States. (3) They like colder weather. (4) A sea park in San Diego has penguins. (5) John went to the sea park on Independence Day. (6) He saw penguins and other strange animals. (7) Penguins remain a very popular attraction at sea parks and zoos. 1 What is the common noun in sentence 2? the United States come from Penguins 4 What are the proper nouns in sentence 6? penguins strange animals He There are no proper nouns. 2 What is the proper noun in sentence 4? He penguins San Diego has 5 What proper noun could replace sea park in sentence 7? wildlife areas Ocean World nature preserves tourist destinations 3 Which group names the proper noun(s) in sentence 5? Independence Day John, Independence Day John, sea park, Independence Day John Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on common and proper nouns. On a drive, say the names of things you pass, such as a street and Spring Creek. Have your child identify which are common nouns and which are proper nouns. Conventions Common and Proper Nouns 119