Warm-up for 1-1. Suppose you moved to another state. What motivations might you have for moving? Why do people migrate from one region to another?

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1 Warm-up for 1-1 Suppose you moved to another state. What motivations might you have for moving? Why do people migrate from one region to another?

2 -Beringia- ancient land bridge in which people first came to the Americas (caused by the Ice Agespreading of glaciers) -Migrations from ~22,000 - ~10,000 yrs ago -Early Americans were big game hunters -Agricultural revolution (10,000 5,000) -maize (corn) -family could raise enough in 4 months to last 2 years

3 Effects of Agriculture -reliable food supply -population growth -large communities -specialization -distinguished social classes -Nomadic- moving from place to place

4 Olmec- Mesoamerica s first known civilization builders. Mysteriously collapsed. Possibly destroyed own monuments. Mayan- Pyramid builders, written language using hieroglyphics

5 Aztec- Human sacrifice practiced for religious offerings Inca-South American, extensive road system linked 2500 mile empire

6 Anasazi- Four corners region, built impressive cliff dwellings Mississippian- built large burial mounds and mounds shaped like animals

7 *Groups diverse as the environments in which they live in* Northwest Indians-huge totem poles potlatch-ceremony in which you gave away possessions (earning rank)

8 Southwest Indians-left cliffs for farmland underground kivas- ceremonial chambers Eastern Woodlands-villages in forests (Iroquois) mix of farming and hunter/gatherer

9 All Share Characteristics 1. Trade networks-stretched across America 2. Land regarded as sacred- not to be sold 3. Natural world was filled w/ spirits 4. Kinship important- ties between family members ensures tribal customs division of labor- assignment of tasks according to gender, age, status

10 Warm-up for 1-3 What are some practices and beliefs that hold our country together as a people and a nation?

11 Isolated geographically, West Africa had long been connected to Europe and Asia for centuries Islam had spread to region through trade

12 Portuguese 1 st Europeans to make contact along West African coast* trade routes bypassed old routes across Sahara and forged new relationship Portuguese began the trading of slaves and use of plantations Plantation-farm on which a single crop, usually labor intensive, is grown on a large scale

13 West African Culture lineage- line of common decent- formed basis of life in rural areas political leaders claimed authority on the basis of religion people supported themselves by farming, herding, hunting, fishing, & trading tasks divided by age and social status some societies had slaves-not a lifetime of servitude

14 Renaissance- rebirth Europeans investigating all aspects of the physical world Prince Henry of Portugal launches era of expansion Social and Family Structure hierarchy- organized according to rank nuclear family- immediate family most important

15 Crusades-encouraged exploration -effects- 1. increased trade (Asia) 2. weakened power of nobles, strengthened monarchs (monarchs needed money to maintain govt. and armies) 3. decreased power of the pope Reformation- people sought religious freedom

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17 Sailing Technology compass and astrolabe (determined the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude) used for navigation caravel- sailed up wind, shallow keel

18 Warm-up for 1-5 Musical warm-up (Who discovered it?) Pretend for a minute you are Christopher Columbus. How do you think he and his crew felt leaving Europe and venturing into the unknown with no guarantees of coming home? Do you think you would be willing to journey into the unknown?

19 Christopher Columbus- Italian, first explorer since Vikings to set foot in the Americas Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria San Salvador (Holy Savior) inhabitants called Taino searching for gold believed he had landed in islands off Asia, called people Indian

20 Europeans bring disease and the system of colonization- est. of distant settlements controlled by a parent country diseases- measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, typhus disease reduces native workforce- settlers turn to Africa for slaves

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22 Effects of Columbus s voyages 1. merchants and monarchs saw opportunity 2. commoners saw social and economic freedom 3. Columbian Exchange- transporting of plants and animals from west to east and east to west Treaty of Tordesillas- (1494) agreement to divide Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal to prevent war *did not work* A new multicultural free society will eventually be born