DNA Extraction of Wheat Germ

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DNA Extraction of Wheat Germ"

Transcription

1 DNA Extraction of Wheat Germ Introduction Lesson Introduction All life functions within a plant are controlled by the genetic material found within its cells nuclei. A complete copy of DNA is found in every cell of the plant. The structure of DNA is long, linear strands. Traits for the plant are coded by genes found along the length of the DNA. In order to analyze DNA, scientists must break open the cells and remove the structural proteins and enzymes that interfere with its structure. This simple lab activity releases a great deal of DNA so that students can see it. Grade Level: Grades 9 12 Time Needed: minutes Learning Objectives: After completing this lesson, students will: 1. Observe that DNA is in the food they eat 2. Be able to perform a simple DNA extraction method 3. Be able to explain why each step in the extraction method is necessary due to the complex organization of DNA in cells National Science Education Standards As a result of activities in grades 9 12, all students should develop: Science as Inquiry 12ASI1: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry 12ASI2: Understandings about scientific inquiry Life Science 12CLS1: The cell 12CLS2: Molecular basis of heredity

2 Materials: Untoasted wheat germ Detergent solution: Mix 50 ml of liquid dishwashing detergent and 8 grams of sodium chloride with 975 ml of distilled water. Meat tenderizer containing the enzyme pepsin. Prepare a 6% solution (6 grams per 100 ml of distilled water) The solution will need to be filtered and refrigerated. Hotplate Thermometers Mortars and pestles Pans for preparing hot water and ice baths 150 ml beakers 95% ethanol, chilled Ice Cheesecloth Test tubes Disposable pipettes Glass stirring rods Instructional process: 1. Prepare hot water baths and ice baths for use around the classroom. 2. Make copies of the Student Lab Sheet and distribute to students. 3. Verbally walk through the steps of the lab activity and explain what is happening at each step. Highlight the need to be precise in all steps of the lab activity. 4. Have students complete the lab activity and answer the discussion questions.

3 Supplemental Content Explanation of the Extraction Process 1. Measure out 5 grams of untoasted wheat germ. Using a mortar and pestle, grind the wheat germ until it is a fine powder. Place the powder in a 150 ml beaker. What s Happening: The grinding of the wheat germ with a mortar and pestle breaks the cell walls and releases the cellular content. 2. Mix 100 ml of detergent solution with the ground wheat germ powder. Stir the mixture and heat it between degrees centigrade for ten minutes. Stir the mixture continuously during the process. Do NOT exceed 60 degrees centigrade. What s Happening: Water in the detergent solution hydrates the DNA and other cellular material. The detergent breaks open the nuclear membrane to release the DNA. The detergent also emulsifies the lipids and proteins within the cells and causes them to precipitate out. The detergent solution also contains a small amount of sodium chloride which reacts with the negative phosphate ends of the DNA and causes the nucleic acids to stick together. Heat denatures the nuclease enzymes, which cut the DNA into smaller pieces, making it hard to collect. 3. Cool the mixture in an ice bath to about 25 degrees centigrade. 4. Filter the mixture through three thicknesses of cheesecloth. Pour the mixture carefully so that the undissolved material at the bottom of the beaker is not transferred. This liquid is known as the filtrate. 5. Place 2 ml of the wheat germ filtrate into a test tube. Add 2 ml of the meat tenderizer solution to the test tube. Gently mix the filtrate and the tenderizer solution. Try to avoid foaming. Let the solution stand for one minute to allow the protease enzyme in the meat tenderizer to react. What s Happening: Pepsin in the meat tenderizer is a protein digesting enzyme. It helps remove extra proteins away from the DNA.

4 6. Add 2 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol by slowly pouring it down the side of the test tube to create a layer on top of the cellular suspension. Let the tube stand undisturbed for a period of one minute. What s Happening: DNA is not soluble in cold ethanol. Other cell components dissolve. The DNA will precipitate out as a stringy mass. 7. Place a clean glass stirring rod in the boundary between the two layers. Using a circular stirring motion, wind up the DNA. Keep winding until you have an amount of DNA that is large enough to see clearly. 8. What s Happening: Isolated DNA is a linear, sticky molecule. It will adhere to clean surfaces. Follow Up Questions 1. What did the DNA look like? Relate what you know about the chemical structure of DNA to what you observed today. 2. Explain what happened in the final step when you added ethanol to the cellular suspension. 1. (Hint: DNA is soluble in water, but not in ethanol.) 2. Why is it important for scientists to be able to remove DNA from an organism? List two reasons. 3. Why did the experiment use wheat germ as opposed to the entire grain? 4. Is there DNA in your food? How do you know?

5 DNA Extraction Student Sheet Introduction All life functions within a plant are controlled by the genetic material found within its cells nuclei. A complete copy of DNA is found in every cell of the plant. The structure of DNA is long linear strands. Traits for the plant are coded by genes found along the length of the DNA. In order to analyze DNA, scientists must break open the cells and remove the structural proteins and enzymes that interfere with its structure. This simple lab activity releases a great deal of DNA so that students can see it. Materials: 5 grams untoasted wheat germ Detergent solution Meat tenderizer containing the enzyme pepsin. Prepare a 6% solution (6 grams per 100 ml of distilled water) The solution will need to be filtered and refrigerated. Hotplate Thermometer Mortar and pestle Pans for hot water and ice baths 150 ml beaker 95% ethanol, chilled Ice Cheesecloth Test tube Disposable pipettes Glass stirring rod Procedure: 1. Measure out 5 grams of untoasted wheat germ. Using a mortar and pestle, grind the wheat germ until it is a fine powder. Place the powder in a 150 ml beaker. 2. Mix 100 ml of detergent solution with the ground wheat germ powder. Stir the mixture and heat it between degrees centigrade for ten minutes. Stir the mixture continuously during the process. Do NOT exceed 60 degrees centigrade. 3. Cool the mixture in an ice bath to about 25 degrees centigrade. 4. Filter the mixture through three thicknesses of cheesecloth. Pour the mixture carefully so that the undissolved material at the bottom of the beaker is not transferred. This liquid is known as the filtrate.

6 5. Place 2 ml of the wheat germ filtrate into a test tube. Add 2 ml of the meat tenderizer solution to the test tube. Gently mix the filtrate and the tenderizer solution. Try to avoid foaming. Let the solution stand for one minute to allow the protease enzyme in the meat tenderizer to react. 6. Add 2 ml of ice cold 95% ethanol by slowly pouring it down the side of the test tube to create a layer on top of the cellular suspension. Let the tube stand undisturbed for a period of one minute. 7. Place a clean glass stirring rod in the boundary between the two layers. Using a circular stirring motion, wind up the DNA. Keep winding until you have an amount of DNA that is large enough to see clearly. Follow up questions 1. What did the DNA look like? Relate what you know about the chemical structure of DNA to what you observed today. 2. Explain what happened in the final step when you added ethanol to the cellular suspension. (Hint: DNA is soluble in water, but not in ethanol.) 3. Why is it important for scientists to be able to remove DNA from an organism? List two reasons. 4. Why did the experiment use wheat germ as opposed to the entire grain? 5. Is there DNA in your food? How do you know?

DNA SPOOLING 1 ISOLATION OF DNA FROM ONION

DNA SPOOLING 1 ISOLATION OF DNA FROM ONION DNA SPOOLING 1 ISOLATION OF DNA FROM ONION INTRODUCTION This laboratory protocol will demonstrate several basic steps required for isolation of chromosomal DNA from cells. To extract the chromosomal DNA,

More information

The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. How Sweet It Is: Enzyme Action in Seed Germination

The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. How Sweet It Is: Enzyme Action in Seed Germination The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens How Sweet It Is: Enzyme Action in Seed Germination Overview This experiment is intended to familiarize students with the macromolecule starch,

More information

EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM CALF THYMUS CELLS Revised 2/1/96 Introduction

EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM CALF THYMUS CELLS Revised 2/1/96 Introduction Revised 2/1/96 Introduction Cells may be classified into two primary types depending on whether they have a discrete nucleus (eukaryotic) or do not (prokaryotic). Prokaryotes include bacteria, such as

More information

Module 3: Strawberry DNA Extraction

Module 3: Strawberry DNA Extraction Module 3: Strawberry DNA Extraction Teacher/Leader Target Audience: 7-12 Life Science, Biology, Ag Science Overview: In this lab, students will extract DNA from a strawberry using everyday materials and

More information

Hands-On Labs SM-1 Lab Manual

Hands-On Labs SM-1 Lab Manual EXPERIMENT 4: Separation of a Mixture of Solids Read the entire experiment and organize time, materials, and work space before beginning. Remember to review the safety sections and wear goggles when appropriate.

More information

Today you will extract DNA from some of your cells and learn more about DNA. Extracting DNA from Your Cells

Today you will extract DNA from some of your cells and learn more about DNA. Extracting DNA from Your Cells DNA Based on and adapted from the Genetic Science Learning Center s How to Extract DNA from Any Living Thing (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/activities/extraction/) and BioRad s Genes in a bottle

More information

PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. Introduction

PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. Introduction PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Lab #2 Introduction When two or more substances, that do not react chemically, are blended together, the result is a mixture in which each component retains its individual

More information

Determination of a Chemical Formula

Determination of a Chemical Formula 1 Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction Molar Ratios Elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. For example, consider the compound TiCl 4 (titanium chloride). Each molecule of TiCl

More information

CHEM 2423 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid

CHEM 2423 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid Purpose: a) To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature b) To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum

More information

Catalase Enzyme Lab. Background information

Catalase Enzyme Lab. Background information Catalase Enzyme Lab Background information Liver and other living tissues contain the enzyme catalase. This enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide, which is a harmful by-product of the process of cellular

More information

Activity Sheets Enzymes and Their Functions

Activity Sheets Enzymes and Their Functions Name: Date: Activity Sheets Enzymes and Their Functions amylase What are Enzymes? starch glucose Enzymes are compounds that assist chemical reactions by increasing the rate at which they occur. For example,

More information

TECHNOLOGY TOPICS PROCESS SKILLS GRADE LEVELS. Observing Following Instructions Measuring Safely Using Tools

TECHNOLOGY TOPICS PROCESS SKILLS GRADE LEVELS. Observing Following Instructions Measuring Safely Using Tools DNA Extraction Students extract their own DNA. TECHNOLOGY TOPICS PROCESS SKILLS GRADE LEVELS Systems Environmental Effects Consequences, Ethics Controls Observing Following Instructions Measuring Safely

More information

Solubility Curve of Sugar in Water

Solubility Curve of Sugar in Water Solubility Curve of Sugar in Water INTRODUCTION Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solvents (the larger volume of the mixture) and solutes (the smaller volume of the mixture). For example, a hot chocolate

More information

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 1 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Introduction Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. In class you learned the structures of the 20 common amino acids that make up proteins. All

More information

Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate

Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Challenge: Students should be able to - recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change - convert word equations into formula equations - perform

More information

Enzyme Pre-Lab. Using the Enzyme worksheet and Enzyme lab handout answer the Pre-Lab questions the pre-lab must be complete before beginning the lab.

Enzyme Pre-Lab. Using the Enzyme worksheet and Enzyme lab handout answer the Pre-Lab questions the pre-lab must be complete before beginning the lab. Enzyme Pre-Lab Using the Enzyme worksheet and Enzyme lab handout answer the Pre-Lab questions the pre-lab must be complete before beginning the lab. Background: In this investigation, you will study several

More information

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A SOAP

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A SOAP (adapted from Blackburn et al., Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of Chemistry, 2 nd ed., (1996) Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To prepare a sample of soap and to examine its properties.

More information

Plant Genomic DNA Extraction using CTAB

Plant Genomic DNA Extraction using CTAB Plant Genomic DNA Extraction using CTAB Introduction The search for a more efficient means of extracting DNA of both higher quality and yield has lead to the development of a variety of protocols, however

More information

Organic Chemistry Lab Experiment 4 Preparation and Properties of Soap

Organic Chemistry Lab Experiment 4 Preparation and Properties of Soap Organic Chemistry Lab Experiment 4 Preparation and Properties of Soap Introduction A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long-chain fatty acid. The fatty acid usually contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

More information

Catalytic Activity of Enzymes

Catalytic Activity of Enzymes Catalytic Activity of Enzymes Introduction Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions. You could call enzymes the Builders and Do-ers in the cell; without them, life could

More information

10-ml Graduated cylinder 40 ml 3% Hydrogen peroxide solution (found in stores) Straight-edged razor blade Scissors and Forceps (tweezers)

10-ml Graduated cylinder 40 ml 3% Hydrogen peroxide solution (found in stores) Straight-edged razor blade Scissors and Forceps (tweezers) Name: Class: Date: Objectives * Measure the effects of changes in temperature, ph, and enzyme concentration on reaction rates of an enzyme catalyzed reaction in a controlled experiment. * Explain how environmental

More information

First Flower. Program Overview

First Flower. Program Overview Program Overview NOVA presents the search for the first flowering plant. The program: recounts how one scientist discovered what might be the first flowering plant fossil, Archaefructus liaoningensis.

More information

ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA

ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA ISLATIN F CAFFEINE FRM TEA Introduction In this experiment, caffeine is isolated from tealeaves. The chief problem with the isolation is that caffeine does not exist alone in the tealeaves, but other natural

More information

Experiment #10: Liquids, Liquid Mixtures and Solutions

Experiment #10: Liquids, Liquid Mixtures and Solutions Experiment #10: Liquids, Liquid Mixtures and Solutions Objectives: This experiment is a broad survey of the physical properties of liquids. We will investigate solvent/solute mixtures. We will study and

More information

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes An understanding of material things requires an understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of matter. A few planned experiments can help you

More information

Lab # 12: DNA and RNA

Lab # 12: DNA and RNA 115 116 Concepts to be explored: Structure of DNA Nucleotides Amino Acids Proteins Genetic Code Mutation RNA Transcription to RNA Translation to a Protein Figure 12. 1: DNA double helix Introduction Long

More information

Mixtures and Pure Substances

Mixtures and Pure Substances Unit 2 Mixtures and Pure Substances Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances. They

More information

Enzyme Lab. DEFINITIONS: 1. Enzyme: 2. Catalase: 3. Catalyze: 4. Hydrolysis: 5. Monomer: 6. Digestion: BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Enzyme Lab. DEFINITIONS: 1. Enzyme: 2. Catalase: 3. Catalyze: 4. Hydrolysis: 5. Monomer: 6. Digestion: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Enzyme Lab DEFINITIONS: 1. Enzyme: 2. Catalase: 3. Catalyze: 4. Hydrolysis: 5. Monomer: 6. Digestion: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Many living tissues contain the enzyme catalase. This enzyme breaks down hydrogen

More information

Genomic DNA Purification Student Laboratory Manual

Genomic DNA Purification Student Laboratory Manual Genomic DNA Purification Student Laboratory Manual I. Purpose...1 II. Introduction...1 III. DNA Purification from Bananas...2 IV. DNA Purification from Tissue Culture Cells...4 I. Purpose! This student

More information

Chem 100 Lab Experiment #9 - ACID/BASE INDICATORS

Chem 100 Lab Experiment #9 - ACID/BASE INDICATORS Lab #9 Chem 100 Lab Experiment #9 - ACID/BASE INDICATORS Name: Purpose: In this laboratory we will investigate how indicators can be used to test for the presence of acids or bases in a number of common

More information

Taking Apart the Pieces

Taking Apart the Pieces Lab 4 Taking Apart the Pieces How does starting your morning out right relate to relief from a headache? I t is a lazy Saturday morning and you ve just awakened to your favorite cereal Morning Trails and

More information

Objectives: Vocabulary:

Objectives: Vocabulary: Introduction to Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: A Precursor to Cornell Institute for Biology Teacher s lab Author: Jennifer Weiser and Laura Austen Date Created: 2010 Subject: Molecular Biology and Genetics

More information

The most common active ingredient used in deodorants is aluminium chlorohydrate. But not all deodorants contain aluminium chlorohydrate:

The most common active ingredient used in deodorants is aluminium chlorohydrate. But not all deodorants contain aluminium chlorohydrate: Engineeringfragrance make a deodorant practical activity 2 student instructions page 1 of 5 chemical compounds The most common active ingredient used in deodorants is aluminium chlorohydrate. But not all

More information

Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment

Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances.

More information

Chapter 5, Lesson 3 Why Does Water Dissolve Salt?

Chapter 5, Lesson 3 Why Does Water Dissolve Salt? Chapter 5, Lesson 3 Why Does Water Dissolve Salt? Key Concepts The polarity of water molecules enables water to dissolve many ionically bonded substances. Salt (sodium chloride) is made from positive sodium

More information

Ann.wellhouse@TouchStoneScience.net 1. Enzyme Function

Ann.wellhouse@TouchStoneScience.net 1. Enzyme Function Ann.wellhouse@TouchStoneScience.net 1 Enzyme Function National Science Standards Science as Inquiry: Content Standard A: As a result of activities in grades 9-12, all students should develop: Abilities

More information

Experiment 8 Synthesis of Aspirin

Experiment 8 Synthesis of Aspirin Experiment 8 Synthesis of Aspirin Aspirin is an effective analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic (fever reducer) and anti-inflammatory agent and is one of the most widely used non-prescription drugs. The

More information

Mixing Warm and Cold Water

Mixing Warm and Cold Water Mixing Warm and Cold Water A Continuing Investigation of Thermal Pollution By Kevin White 1 Context: This lesson is intended for students conducting an ongoing study of thermal pollution. Perhaps, students

More information

Enzymes Lab Pre-Lab Exercise

Enzymes Lab Pre-Lab Exercise Pre-Lab Exercise Name 1. For the reaction we are studying in this week s lab: a. What is the name of the enzyme? b. What is the substrate? c. What are the products of the reaction? 2. What is the purpose

More information

LESSON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DNA

LESSON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DNA PAGE 01 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DNA TIP: This activity can be done with student-made green detergent instead of store-purchased detergent (www.beyondbenign.org/ K12education/ msgc/10%20 Shampoozled. doc).

More information

The Structure of Water Introductory Lesson

The Structure of Water Introductory Lesson Dana V. Middlemiss Fall 2002 The Structure of Water Introductory Lesson Abstract: This is an introduction to the chemical nature of water and its interactions. In particular, this lesson will explore evaporation,

More information

Olympic B3 Summer Science Camp 2015 Weller, Smith, Putnam L3

Olympic B3 Summer Science Camp 2015 Weller, Smith, Putnam L3 Chestnut Leaf DNA Extraction Protocol Introduction: we will extract the nucleic acid from leaf tissue by grinding it in a reducing medium (the beta-mercaptoethanol chemical is a reducing agent, it smells

More information

DNA replication A T C G. Ethanol. Kiwi fruit. car DNA

DNA replication A T C G. Ethanol. Kiwi fruit. car DNA 66 DN replication Ethanol Kiwi fruit car DN DN replication 67 Suitable for: 14 16 years urriculum and learning links: enetics Learning objectives: Describe the structure of DN. Explain the process of DN

More information

Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods. Abstract. Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats,

Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods. Abstract. Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods Abstract Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins to meet their energy requirements. In this lab, reagents

More information

THE ACTIVITY OF LACTASE

THE ACTIVITY OF LACTASE THE ACTIVITY OF LACTASE Lab VIS-8 From Juniata College Science in Motion Enzymes are protein molecules which act to catalyze the chemical reactions in living things. These chemical reactions make up the

More information

Determining the Quantity of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet. Evaluation copy

Determining the Quantity of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet. Evaluation copy Determining the Quantity of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet Computer 34 As biochemical research becomes more sophisticated, we are learning more about the role of metallic elements in the human body. For example,

More information

Fat Content in Ground Meat: A statistical analysis

Fat Content in Ground Meat: A statistical analysis Volume 25: Mini Workshops 385 Fat Content in Ground Meat: A statistical analysis Mary Culp Canisius College Biology Department 2001 Main Street Buffalo, NY 14208-1098 culpm@canisius.edu Mary Culp has been

More information

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Experiment 6A Many organisms can decompose hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) enzymatically. Enzymes are globular proteins, responsible for most of the chemical activities

More information

Sample Liver Enzyme Lab

Sample Liver Enzyme Lab Sample Liver Enzyme Lab Design Aspect 1: Research Question This lab will be driven by the research question, Do changes in temperature have an effect on the activity of the enzyme catalase? Pearson Baccalaureate:

More information

Catalase. ***You will be working with hot water, acids and bases in this laboratory*** ****Use Extreme Caution!!!****

Catalase. ***You will be working with hot water, acids and bases in this laboratory*** ****Use Extreme Caution!!!**** AP BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY ACTIVITY #9 NAME DATE HOUR CATALASE LAB INTRODUCTION Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a poisonous byproduct of metabolism that can damage cells if it is not removed. Catalase is

More information

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Experiment 6A Many organisms can decompose hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) enzymatically. Enzymes are globular proteins, responsible for most of the chemical activities

More information

SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB

SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB Purpose: Every chemical has a set of defined physical properties, and when combined they present a unique fingerprint for that chemical. When chemicals are present

More information

Non-polar hydrocarbon chain

Non-polar hydrocarbon chain THE SCIENCE OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS 2000 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved Reproduction permitted for educational purposes as long as the original copyright is included. INTRODUCTION A soap is a salt

More information

ANSWER KEY. Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Chapter Project Worksheet 1 1. Answers will vary. Sample: cherries, blueberries,

ANSWER KEY. Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Chapter Project Worksheet 1 1. Answers will vary. Sample: cherries, blueberries, Chapter Project Worksheet 1 1. Answers will vary. Sample: cherries, blueberries, and grass 2. Answers will vary. Sample: Cut 5 g of cherries into small pieces and place in blender. Blend for two minutes,

More information

DNA Electrophoresis Lesson Plan

DNA Electrophoresis Lesson Plan DNA Electrophoresis Lesson Plan Primary Learning Outcomes: Students will learn how to properly load a well in an agarose gel. Students will learn how to analyze the results of DNA electrophoresis. Students

More information

Table of Content. Enzymes and Their Functions Teacher Version 1

Table of Content. Enzymes and Their Functions Teacher Version 1 Enzymes and Their Functions Jeisa Pelet, Cornell University Carolyn Wilczynski, Binghamton High School Cornell Learning Initiative in Medicine and Bioengineering (CLIMB) Table of Content Title Page Abstract..

More information

Separation by Solvent Extraction

Separation by Solvent Extraction Experiment 3 Separation by Solvent Extraction Objectives To separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound by using solvent extraction techniques. Introduction Frequently, organic

More information

Titanium Dioxide Raspberry Solar Cell 2012, 2011, 2005 by David A Katz. All rights reserved

Titanium Dioxide Raspberry Solar Cell 2012, 2011, 2005 by David A Katz. All rights reserved Titanium Dioxide Raspberry Solar Cell 2012, 2011, 2005 by David A Katz. All rights reserved Greg Smestad (http://www.solideas.com/solrcell/cellkit.html) developed this experiment. See the Nanocrystalline

More information

EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield

EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry

More information

Marmara Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü / Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS

Marmara Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü / Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS EXPERIMENT VI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS I- Protein isolation and dialysis In order to investigate its structure and properties a protein must be obtained in pure form. Since proteins

More information

RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF DNA

RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF DNA University of Massachusetts Medical School Regional Science Resource Center SUPPORTING MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION 222 Maple Avenue, Stoddard Building Shrewsbury, MA 01545-2732 508.856.5097

More information

Biotechnology Explorer

Biotechnology Explorer Biotechnology Explorer Genes in a Bottle Kit DNA Extraction Module Catalog Number 166-2000EDU DNA necklace module (166-2200EDU) must be purchased separately. explorer.bio-rad.com See individual components

More information

AN EXPERIMENT IN ALCHEMY: COPPER TO SILVER TO GOLD 2005, 2000, 1996 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved

AN EXPERIMENT IN ALCHEMY: COPPER TO SILVER TO GOLD 2005, 2000, 1996 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved AN EXPERIMENT IN ALCHEMY: COPPER TO SILVER TO GOLD 2005, 2000, 1996 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION One of the goals of the ancient alchemists was to convert base metals into gold. Although

More information

Acids and Bases. AND a widemouth container of the following solids:

Acids and Bases. AND a widemouth container of the following solids: Acids and Bases GOAL To introduce students to acids and bases. MATERIALS: 3 10oz clear plastic cups 1 4 oz. bottle white vinegar - labeled Acid 1 4 oz. bottle of water - labeled Water 1 4 oz. bottle of

More information

Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen

Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen Austin Peay State University Department of hemistry hem 1121 autions Purpose Introduction Acetic Anhydride corrosive and a lachrymator all transfers should be done in the vented fume hood Methanol, Ethanol

More information

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP): Genetic Transformation, Synthesis and Purification of the Recombinant Protein

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP): Genetic Transformation, Synthesis and Purification of the Recombinant Protein Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP): Genetic Transformation, Synthesis and Purification of the Recombinant Protein INTRODUCTION Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a novel protein produced by the bioluminescent

More information

Experiment 5 Preparation of Cyclohexene

Experiment 5 Preparation of Cyclohexene Experiment 5 Preparation of yclohexene In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol using an acid catalyzed dehydration reaction. We will use the cyclohexanol that we purified in our

More information

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity

Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity DataQuest 12 Many organisms can decompose hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) enzymatically. Enzymes are globular proteins, responsible for most of the chemical activities

More information

Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by Hypochlorite Oxidation

Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by Hypochlorite Oxidation Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by ypochlorite xidation In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol using hypochlorite oxidation. We will use common household bleach that

More information

SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE

SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified

More information

ENZYME ACTION: TESTING CATALASE ACTIVITY

ENZYME ACTION: TESTING CATALASE ACTIVITY ENZYME ACTION: TESTING CATALASE ACTIVITY LAB ENZ 1.CALC From Biology with Calculators, Vernier Software & Technology, 2000 INTRODUCTION Many organisms can decompose hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) enzymatically.

More information

Introduction. ph = log [H + ]

Introduction. ph = log [H + ] Visualizing ph 2010, 1992 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission granted for classroom use. All reproductions must include original copyright. David A. Katz Chemist, Educator, Science Communicator,

More information

Name. Lab 3: ENZYMES. In this lab, you ll investigate some of the properties of enzymes.

Name. Lab 3: ENZYMES. In this lab, you ll investigate some of the properties of enzymes. Name Lab 3: ENZYMES In this lab, you ll investigate some of the properties of enzymes. So what are enzymes? Enzymes are large protein molecules (macromolecules) They catalyze or speed up chemical reactions

More information

SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES LAB

SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES LAB SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES LAB Purpose: Most ionic compounds are considered by chemists to be salts and many of these are water soluble. In this lab, you will determine the solubility,

More information

The Empirical Formula of a Compound

The Empirical Formula of a Compound The Empirical Formula of a Compound Lab #5 Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant,

More information

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity INTRODUCTION Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity The chemical reactions occurring in living things are controlled by enzymes. An enzyme is a protein in the cell which lowers the activation energy of a catalyzed

More information

6 Characterization of Casein and Bovine Serum Albumin

6 Characterization of Casein and Bovine Serum Albumin 6 Characterization of Casein and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Objectives: A) To separate a mixture of casein and bovine serum albumin B) to characterize these proteins based on their solubilities as a function

More information

Written By Kelly Lundstrom & Kennda Lynch January 31, 2012 Milk Dye ACTIVITY PLAN

Written By Kelly Lundstrom & Kennda Lynch January 31, 2012 Milk Dye ACTIVITY PLAN Milk Dye ACTIVITY PLAN Objective: Students will use the scientific method to test the difference between using whole milk and skim milk in this milk and food dye experiment. Students will explore ideas

More information

# 12 Condensation Polymerization: Preparation of Two Types of Polyesters

# 12 Condensation Polymerization: Preparation of Two Types of Polyesters # 12 Condensation Polymerization: Preparation of Two Types of Polyesters Submitted by: Arturo Contreras, Visiting Scholar, Center for Chemical Education, Miami University, Middletown, OH; 1996 1997. I.

More information

Recrystallization II 23

Recrystallization II 23 Recrystallization II 23 Chem 355 Jasperse RECRYSTALLIZATIN-Week 2 1. Mixed Recrystallization of Acetanilide 2. Mixed Recrystallization of Dibenzylacetone 3. Recrystallization of an Unknown Background Review:

More information

Vitamin C Content of Fruit Juice

Vitamin C Content of Fruit Juice 1 Vitamin C Content of Fruit Juice Introduction Vitamin C Vitamins are organic compounds that have important biological functions. For instance, in humans they enable a variety of enzymes in the body to

More information

To measure the solubility of a salt in water over a range of temperatures and to construct a graph representing the salt solubility.

To measure the solubility of a salt in water over a range of temperatures and to construct a graph representing the salt solubility. THE SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 2007, 1995, 1991 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE To measure

More information

Laboratory 5: Properties of Enzymes

Laboratory 5: Properties of Enzymes Laboratory 5: Properties of Enzymes Technical Objectives 1. Accurately measure and transfer solutions with pipettes 2. Use a Spectrophotometer to study enzyme action. 3. Properly graph a set of data. Knowledge

More information

Biology. STANDARD II: Objective 3. Osmosis Inquiry Labs

Biology. STANDARD II: Objective 3. Osmosis Inquiry Labs Biology STANDARD II: Objective 3 Osmosis Inquiry Labs Background Knowledge: Students should have used a microscope before and be familiar with the parts. They should also know how to make a wet mount slide.

More information

In this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance: solubility, density and boiling point..

In this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance: solubility, density and boiling point.. Identification of a Substance by Physical Properties 2009 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included Every substance has a unique set

More information

Running Head: ACTION OF CATALASE IN DIFFERENT TISSUES 1. Action of Catalase in Different Tissues. San Nguyen. SanNguyen2@my.unt.edu. Biol 1730.

Running Head: ACTION OF CATALASE IN DIFFERENT TISSUES 1. Action of Catalase in Different Tissues. San Nguyen. SanNguyen2@my.unt.edu. Biol 1730. Running Head: ACTION OF CATALASE IN DIFFERENT TISSUES 1 Action of Catalase in Different Tissues San Nguyen SanNguyen2@my.unt.edu Biol 1730.537 October 12, 2012 Aswad Khadilka October 12, 2012; 8:00 am

More information

Shampoo Properties Evaluation General Science

Shampoo Properties Evaluation General Science / 10 Shampoo Properties Evaluation General Science Name It is difficult to obtain exact information on the formulation of commercial shampoos. These facts are held by the manufacturer to protect their

More information

Lab 4: Osmosis and Diffusion

Lab 4: Osmosis and Diffusion Lab 4: Osmosis and Diffusion The plasma membrane enclosing every cell is the boundary that separates the cell from its external environment. It is not an impermeable barrier, but like all biological membranes,

More information

Who took Jerell s ipod? -- An organic compound mystery 1

Who took Jerell s ipod? -- An organic compound mystery 1 Who took Jerell s ipod? -- An organic compound mystery 1 Jerell is a 10 th grade student who works at McDonald s on the weekends. While on break, Jerell was studying for his biology test and listening

More information

LAB 11 PLASMID DNA MINIPREP

LAB 11 PLASMID DNA MINIPREP LAB 11 PLASMID DNA MINIPREP STUDENT GUIDE GOAL The objective of this lab is to perform extraction of plasmid DNA and analyze the results. OBJECTIVES After completion, the student should be able to: 1.

More information

Meischer s Discovery A DNA Extraction Laboratory

Meischer s Discovery A DNA Extraction Laboratory Meischer s Discovery A DNA Extraction Laboratory Maryland Loaner Lab Teacher Packet Written and developed by Towson University & TIGR. www.towson.edu/cse/beop/ Version 01-04-2012_dp T E A C H E R M A T

More information

Enzyme technology ACTIVITY BRIEF. Enzymes. The science at work

Enzyme technology ACTIVITY BRIEF. Enzymes. The science at work ACTIVITY BRIEF Enzyme technology The science at work Enzymes Enzymes have become big business. They are used in many industrial processes to catalyse biological reactions. Enzymes are exploited in a variety

More information

A. Types of Mixtures:

A. Types of Mixtures: I. MIXTURES: SOLUTIONS 1) mixture = a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties a) homogeneous mixture = a mixture that is uniform in composition throughout

More information

Distillation Experiment

Distillation Experiment Distillation Experiment CHM226 Background The distillation process is a very important technique used to separate compounds based on their boiling points. A substance will boil only when the vapor pressure

More information

Transformation of the bacterium E. coli. using a gene for Green Fluorescent Protein

Transformation of the bacterium E. coli. using a gene for Green Fluorescent Protein Transformation of the bacterium E. coli using a gene for Green Fluorescent Protein Background In molecular biology, transformation refers to a form of genetic exchange in which the genetic material carried

More information

Experiment 1: Colligative Properties

Experiment 1: Colligative Properties Experiment 1: Colligative Properties Determination of the Molar Mass of a Compound by Freezing Point Depression. Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of an unknown

More information

Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version

Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing point depression describes the process where the temperature at which a liquid freezes is lowered by adding another

More information

Chapter 6, Lesson 4: Temperature and the Rate of a Chemical Reaction

Chapter 6, Lesson 4: Temperature and the Rate of a Chemical Reaction Chapter 6, Lesson 4: Temperature and the Rate of a Chemical Reaction Key Concepts Reactants must be moving fast enough and hit each other hard enough for a chemical reaction to take place. Increasing the

More information

Strawberry DNA Extraction

Strawberry DNA Extraction 21-1338 Strawberry DNA Extraction TEACHER S MANUAL Strawberry DNA Extraction Teacher s Manual Overview..................................................................... 3 Objectives....................................................................

More information

Gel Electrophoresis Teacher Instructions Suggested Grade Level: Grades 7-14 Class Time Required: 1 period (50 minutes)

Gel Electrophoresis Teacher Instructions Suggested Grade Level: Grades 7-14 Class Time Required: 1 period (50 minutes) Biological Sciences Initiative HHMI Gel Electrophoresis Teacher Instructions Suggested Grade Level: Grades 7-14 Class Time Required: 1 period (50 minutes) EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS NEEDED (per group) Electrophoresis

More information