Genetics practice test

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1 Name: Period: Date: Genetics practice test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Indicate your answer choice with an UPPER CASE letter in the space provided. 1. Usually, an egg cell from a human female contains A. one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. B. one X chromosome. C. one Y chromosome. D. two X chromosomes. E. two Y chromosomes. 2. The three-base sequence of DNA codes for A. one protein. B. one strand of mrna. C. one amino acid. D. one polypeptide. E. one strand of trna. 3. The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule? A. the 1' carbon atom of the sugar molecule B. the 2' carbon atom of the sugar molecule C. the 3' carbon atom of the sugar molecule D. the 4' carbon atom of the sugar molecule E. the 5' carbon atom of the sugar molecule 4. What is epistasis? A. A phenotype is inherited only from the mother. B. A gene is expressed in only one sex. C. One trait is affected by several genes. D. One gene affects the way others are expressed. E. One gene influences several phenotypes. 5. The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene A. move together as a unit during meiosis. B. separate from each other during mitosis. C. will both wind up in either the sperm or egg. D. must always be the same allele. E. segregate from each other during meiosis. 6. What form of RNA carries instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome? A. trna B. mrna C. srna D. rrna E. brna 7. The "language" of the genetic code of DNA uses an alphabet of A. nucleotide bases. B. proteins. C. amino acids. D. sugars. E. phosphate molecules. 8. The most important experimental result that suggested to Watson and Crick that DNA was in the form of a helix was A. the finding of Chargaff that DNA always had equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts of G and C. B. Griffith's results with transformation. C. the discovery that DNA is wound around histone proteins. D. X-ray data from Rosalind Franklin working with Maurice Wilkin. E. understanding DNA replication. 9. The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its A. dominance. B. heterozygosity. C. genotype. D. phenotype. E. filial. 10. A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called A. nucleoli. B. chromatin. C. nucleosomes. D. ribosomes. E. lysosomes. 11. The anticodon of the trna molecule base pairs with A. DNA. B. mrna. C. amino acids. D. polypeptides. E. rrna. 1

2 Name: 12. Genes are composed of A. DNA. B. proteins. C. chromosomes. D. carbohydrates. E. lipids. 13. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the A. cell membrane. B. cytoplasm. C. mitochondria. D. nucleus. E. ribosome. 14. An organism with two copies of the same allele is said to be A. homozygous. B. heterozygous. C. phenotypic. D. genotypic. E. a hybrid. 15. The two subunits of the ribosome join during A. initiation of translation. B. promotion of transcription. C. elongation. D. termination of translation. E. termination of transcription. 16. The structure of DNA was determined primarily by A. Mendel. B. Watson and Crick. C. Pauling. D. Hershey and Chase. E. Griffith. 17. Which is not true of DNA replication? A. It occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. B. It functions similarly for all organisms. C. It is semiconservative. D. Both strands are synthesized in one direction only. E. Both strands are synthesized continuously. 18. Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes? A. 22 B. 23 C. 46 D. 44 E Pedigrees are A. used by geneticists to determine the sequence of an individual's genes. B. histories of families with regard to particular genetic traits. C. used only for dogs, cats, and horses. D. mutated alleles capable of causing genetic disorders. E. characteristics that are apparent in an individual. 20. Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants? A. TtGg TtGg B. TtGg Ttgg C. ttgg TTgg D. TtGg ttgg E. None of the above 21. With respect to genetic traits, what is the opposite of recessive? A. regressive B. progressive C. dominant D. subordinant E. hybrid 22. DNA and RNA are similar in that both A. contain the same sugar. B. are double-stranded molecules. C. contain nitrogenous bases. D. are in the form of a double-helix. E. are very long molecules. 23. We refer to the DNA code as being redundant or repetitive. This means that A. each triplet codes for one amino acid. B. some codons code for the same amino acid. C. one codon codes for one amino acid. D. each triplet codes for a different amino acid. E. a single triplet may code for more than one amino acid. 24. The anticodon A. is found on mrna. B. has the same sequence as the codon. C. is a sequence found on DNA. D. helps the ribosome begin translation. E. helps bring in the correct amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide chain. 2

3 Name: 25. When looking at a table depicting the genetic code, the base sequences signify A. DNA. B. mtdna. C. mrna. D. trna. E. rrna. 26. Promoters A. determine the start of DNA strand separation. B. are required to end transcription. C. are a sequence of RNA nucleotides. D. are involved in determining the start of translation. E. aid in complementary base pairing. 27. Different forms of a gene are known as A. alleles. B. hybrids. C. recessives. D. genotypes. E. phenotypes. 28. A gene on the X chromosome is said to be A. heterozygous. B. sex limited. C. x-linked. D. bipolar. E. a mutation. 29. The physical characteristics of an organism resulting from its genes are known as the organism's A. alleles. B. hybrids. C. recessive characteristics. D. genotype. E. phenotype. 30. Mendel observed that dominant traits A. are only expressed in hybrids. B. were absent in the F 1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments. C. were the only trait seen in the F 2 generation of pea plants in his experiments. D. are expressed in all plants. E. are seen in all the F 1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments. 31. An allele is A. the dominant form of a gene. B. an alternate form of a gene. C. always recessive. D. the main factor determining a trait. E. always one of a pair. 32. The ABO blood type gene is an example of, which means that heterozygotes display two phenotypes at the same time. A. advanced hybridism B. fading C. incomplete dominance D. codominance E. cross-fertilization 33. In DNA, cytosine bonds to guanine. In RNA, cytosine bonds to A. thymine. B. cytosine. C. uracil. D. guanine. E. adenine. 34. trna molecules are composed of A. DNA. B. nucleotides. C. amino acids D. polypeptides. E. lipids. 35. Mendel correctly surmised that the 3 dominant:1 recessive phenotypic ratio seen in the F 2 generation pea plants was due to A. a tendency to have more fertilization events yielding homozygous dominant than homozygous recessive. B. homozygosity. C. genotypic selection. D. random combination of sperm and egg with respect to the allele carried. E. certain phenotypes having a selective advantage. 3

4 Name: Matching Match the following with the correct descriptive term. A. phenotype B. recessive phenotype C. homozygous D. heterozygous E. alleles F. gene G. dominant allele 36. LL 37. Ll 38. Determines plant height 39. L and l 40. Long-stemmed plant Match the following descriptive terms with DNA, RNA, or both A. DNA B. RNA C. both DNA and RNA 41. Carries the genetic information to the ribosome 42. Can exit the nucleus 43. Contains the base uracil 44. Has a sugar-phosphate backbone 45. Is usually double-stranded 46. Has one strand that serves as a template during transcription Match the following codons with their corresponding amino acid. A. arg B. stop C. met/start D. asn E. val 47. UAA 48. AAU 49. AGG 50. AUG 51. GUU 4

5 Name: Match the following terms with their characteristics. A. building block of DNA B. joins nucleotides during DNA replication C. molecule associated with RNA D. cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine E. spool of protein associated with DNA 52. Nucleotide 53. Histone 54. DNA polymerase 55. Bases of DNA 5

6 Genetics practice test [Answer Strip] _ A 12. _ C 25. _ D 13. _ A 26. _ B 1. _ C 2. _ A 3. _ A 14. _ A 15. _ B 16. _ E 17. _ A 27. _ C 28. _ E 29. _ E 30. _ C 36. _ D 37. _ F 38. _ E 39. _ A 40. _ A 52. _ E 53. _ B 54. _ D 55. _ D 4. _ C 18. _ B 31. _ E 5. _ B 6. _ B 19. _ D 20. _ D 32. _ D 33. _ B 41. _ B 42. _ B 43. _ C 44. _ A 45. _ A 46. _ A 7. _ D 8. _ C 21. _ C 22. _ B 34. _ D 35. _ C 9. _ B 23. _ B 47. _ D 48. _ A 49. _ C 50. _ E 51. _ C 10. _ E 24. _ C 11.

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - An individual s characteristics are determines by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. - During gamete formation, the alleles for