Atomic Structure. Objectives: 1. I can name, list the charge/location/mass of each subatomic particle.
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1 Atomic Structur Vocabulary 1. atomic numbr 2. isotop 3. anion 4. cation 5. ion 6. charg 7. avrag atomic mass 8. mass numbr 9. nuclar(isotop) symbol 10. Bohr diagram 11. Lwis Elctron Dot diagram
2 Atomic Structur Objctivs: 1. I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. 2. I can draw a Bohr & -dot modl of an lmnt. 3. I can calculat subatomic particls from a Chmical symbol or writ a Chmical symbol from subatomic particls. 4. I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. 5. I can dfin an isotop and dtrmin its atomic mass by th subatomic particls. 6. I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration. Objctivs: I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. I can draw a Bohr & -dot modl of an lmnt. I can calculat subatomic particls from a Chmical symbol or writ a Chmical symbol from subatomic particls. Obj: I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. Obj: I can dfin an isotop and dtrmin its atomic mass by th subatomic particls. Obj: I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration.
3 obj: I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. Nuclus: small ara in cntr of th atom contains protons and nutrons lctrons: locatd in lctron cloud
4 obj: I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. Myth Elctrons do not travl around th nuclus lik plants. Truth vs. Myth Truth Nuclus is locatd in th cntr but much smallr Elctrons hav nrgy lvls
5 obj: I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. Subatomic particls Nam charg mass location proton lctron nutron amu = atomic mass unit amu = atomic mass unit
6 obj: I can nam, list th charg/location/mass of ach subatomic particl. Atomic numbr: numbr of protons in an atom Why important? -Th numbr of protons dtrmins th lmnt. -Th priodic tabl is ordrd by incrasing protons. Th atomic # is th idntity of th lmnt
7 obj: I can modl th propr2s of all subatomic par2cls. Mass numbr rviw mass of proton= 1 amu mass of nutron= 1 amu mass of lctron= 0 amu Mass Numbr-Dscribs th mass of an individual atom. 1. Sinc only Protons and Nutrons hav mass all th mass is locatd in th nuclus. 2. Each nutron and proton has a mass of 1 amu so... Mass numbr = protons + nutrons xampls: Mass # = p + + n 0 atomic numbr: 3 lmnt: Li mass numbr: 7
8 Obj: I can draw a Bohr & -dot modl of an lmnt. Bohr Diagrams: (for #1-20) nd 1. # nrgy shlls = priod # 2. # of valnc - = group in s and p block 1. # nrgy shlls priod 1 has 1 shll priod 2 has 2 shlls priod 3 has 3 shlls 2. valnc lctrons: lctrons in th outrmost shll How many valnc lctrons? Look at group. 1 multipl and varis
9 Obj: I can draw a Bohr & -dot modl of an lmnt. Bohr Diagrams: (for #1-20) nd # nrgy shlls = priod # # of valnc - = group in s and p block includ p + and n 0 in cntr
10 Obj: I can draw a Bohr & -dot modl of an lmnt. Lwis/Elctron Dot Diagram (for #1-20) nd lmnt symbol # of valnc - = group in s and p block show in dots around symbol
11 Obj: I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. Obj: I can dfin an isotop and dtrmin its atomic mass by th subatomic particls. Atomic numbr Exampl: Oxygn has 8 protons (cannot chang) Th numbr of nutrons and lctrons can and will vary. Altring th nutrons will chang th ovrall mass. Isotops Altring th lctrons will chang th charg. Ions
12 Obj: I can dfin an isotop and dtrmin its atomic mass by th subatomic particls. Isotops 2 atoms with th sam numbr of protons but diffrnt numbr of nutrons Atoms of a singl lmnt can vary in mass. Protons must stay constant. (lockd) Nutrons can vary. Isotops of Hydrogn what do ths numbrs man? Hydrogn Atomic Mass = 1 Atomic Numbr = 1 Hydrogn (Dutrium) Atomic Mass = 2 Atomic Numbr = 1 Hydrogn (Tritium) Atomic Mass = 3 Atomic Numbr = 1 Isotop --Notation thr ways to writ: C-12 C-13 C-14 Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14
13 obj: I can modl th propr2s of all subatomic par2cls. Th mass numbr is not locatd on th priodic tabl. Why? Lithium mass numbr: 7 Mass numbr dscribs a SINGLE atom and av. atomic mass (priodic tabl) dscribs MANY atoms avrag atomic mass: som Li-6 and mostly Li-7
14 Protons and Nutrons Instructions Blow you will practic figuring out th diffrnt protons, lctrons, and nutrons for th tabl. I hav lft som opn to hlp you out, but onc you hav an answr click on th cll shad to rval th answrs. If you nd th priodic tabl click on th animal blow to go to th priodic tabl. Isotop Numbr of p + Numbr of - Numbr of n o Nuclar Symbol Hydrogn-2 1 Hlium-3 2 Lithium-7 7 3Li Bryllium-9 4 Boron-11 Prvious Nxt
15 1.What is th mass of a proton? Nutron? Elctron? 2.A nutral atom has 14 protons and 18 nutrons. Writ th corrct nuclar (isotop) symbol. 3.Which of th following pairs show two atoms with th sam numbr of nutrons? Cl and Ar Co and Co P and S 30Zn and Zn Thr ar 3 stabl isotops of Argon: Argon-36, Argon-38 and Argon-40. What would th atoms of ths isotops hav in common? What would b diffrnt about thir atoms? 30
16 1.What is th mass of a proton? Nutron? Elctron? 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu 2.A nutral atom has 14 protons and 18 nutrons. Writ th corrct nuclar (isotop) symbol. 3.Which of th following pairs show two atoms with th sam numbr of nutrons? Cl and Ar Co and Co P and S 30Zn and Zn 15 both hav 20 nutrons 16 4.Thr ar 3 stabl isotops of Argon: Argon-36, Argon-38 and Argon-40. What would th atoms of ths isotops hav in common? sam # p + and - What would b diffrnt about thir atoms? diffrnt # n Si 27 30
17 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Avrag atomic mass Th Atomic mass of Chlorin is Q: Is thr actually an atom of Chlorin with a mass of ? Chlorin: How many Protons? 17 How many Nutrons? If th mass numbr = 35 If th mass numbr = 37 Nutrons = 18 Nutrons = 20 No-- only 35 and 37. So why th dcimal? Avrag atomic mass is th avrag mass in rlation to its rlativ abundanc of its isotops. Th priodic tabl shows th avrag atomic mass of all atoms (15 x 35) + (5 x 37) = 35.5 amu 20 (0.75 x 35) + (0.25 x 37) = 35.5 amu
18 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Exampl with avrags: A studnt rcivs a 84.6% This is a B but th studnt nvr actually scord a B on any assignmnts. How is this possibl? Th studnt is scord on many assignmnts. Som whr highr thn a B and othrs whr lowr thn a B.
19 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Find th lmnt Rf on th priodic tabl. Atomic #104 What is diffrnt about this lmnt as opposd to othr lmnts? (261) s th ky: this lmnt has no stabl isotop, th mass numbr of th isotop with th longst half-lif is in parnthsis.
20 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Avrag atomic masss 1 st Whn w mass out a sampl, w ar gtting a mixtur of diffrnt isotops. Som havir som lightr 2 nd Scintists hav actually masurd th abundanc of diffrnt isotops and dtrmind th avrag mass for Cl is
21 Obj: I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. Dtrmining th charg on an atom What ar th chargs on subatomic particls? Protons = +1 Elctrons = -1 Nutrons = O If protons = lctrons thn th charg is 0 Each + cancls out a Ask: What do you hav mor of, + or -? How many mor? An atom of oxygn has 10 lctrons. What is th charg? Oxygn: Protons Elctrons 8 + s 10 s w On mor - than p +, so th charg is -2
22 Ions: chargd particls If an atom... acquirs a ngativ charg it lctrons acquirs a positiv charg it lctrons Two typs: Anion: ngativly chargd particl anion = Ngativ ion Cation: Positivly chargd particl. + Ca ion Pronouncd: cat + ion Thy ar always "Paws"ativ
23 Obj: I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. Bhavior of protons and lctrons Vry important: Atoms can asily los or gain lctrons altr th charg Atoms can NOT asily gain or los protons. this would b a nuclar raction. If an atom... acquirs a ngativ charg it lctrons gains loss acquirs a positiv charg it lctrons Protons NEVER mov! Any chang is rlativ to th numbr of lctrons moving. Zn o bcoms Zn 2+ What happnd? Zn "lost" 2 lctrons Zn o Zn 2+ + O bcoms O -2 What happnd hr? O "gaind" 2 lctrons O + O -2
24 Non-Mtals Form Anions (Ngativ Ions) Narst nobl gas? - - 9p n - ē p ē 12n F -1 F 9p charg Octt achivd by 9p charg Draw a Lwis dot diagram of a phosphorus(p, #15) atom and ion. P P Narst nobl gas? What is th charg on th P ion? What is th symbol for th P ion? Octt achivd by
25 Mtals Form Cations, (Positiv Ions) Narst nobl gas to Na is p n - ē - Na p charg p ē 12n Na +1 Octt achivd by 11p charg Draw a Lwis dot diagram of a calcium(ca, #20) atom and ion. Ca Ca Narst nobl gas to Ca? What is th charg on th Ca ion? What is th symbol for th Ca ion? Octt achivd by
26 Drawing Bohr modls: Numbr of lctrons in ach shll: 1st shll: 2nd shll: 3rd shll: Na Na +1 F F -1 N N -3
27 Drawing Bohr modls: Numbr of lctrons in ach shll: 1st shll: 2 2nd shll: 8 3rd shll: 8 Na 11p p + Na +1 11p + 11p F 9p + 9p+ 9 - F -1 9p + 9p + 9p N N -3
28 Practic 11p + 11n 0 11p + 13n 0 lmnt? isotop symbol? mass numbr? charg? lmnt? isotop symbol? mass numbr? charg? What do w call both of ths whn th mass numbrs ar diffrnt? Which is th atom? Which is th ion?
29 Obj: I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration. How many protons and lctrons ar in th following atoms/ions? (hint: always find proton numbr first) Protons Elctrons Na F Ar B N
30 Obj: I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration. How many protons and lctrons ar in th following atoms/ions? (hint: always find proton numbr first) Protons Elctrons Na F Ar B N
31 Obj: I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration. Drawing Lwis lctron dot Structurs: only showing valnc (outr shll) lctrons Na Na +1 F Ar F -1 Ar B B +2 N N -3
32 Obj: I am abl to dtrmin th numbr of valnc lctrons an atom contains using th priodic tabl or lctron configuration. Drawing Lwis lctron dot Structurs: only showing valnc (outr shll) lctrons Na Na +1 F Ar F -1 Ar B B +2 N N -3
33 Obj: I can dfin an ion and dtrmin its charg by th subatomic particls. Atomic Structur Practic Sam valu Mass numbr = p + + n 0 Charg = p (nuclar) mass
34 Atomic Structur Practic Sam valu Mass numbr = p + + n 0 Charg = p (nuclar) 16 8 p+n on priodic tabl Mg B
35 Practic if not writtn as isotop, us mass numbr closst to th avrag atomic mass Avrag
36 Practic Avrag if not writtn as isotop, us mass numbr closst to th avrag atomic mass
37 nuclar Draw a Bohr diagram of Calcium Draw a Lwis structur of Calcium
38 p. 17 nuclar F S Am Draw a Bohr diagram of Calcium 20p + Draw a Lwis structur of Calcium Ca.
39
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