WHITE PAPER Green Data Center and Virtualisation Reducing power by up to 50%
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1 WHITE PAPER Green Data Center and Virtualisation Reducing power by up to 50%
2 CONTENTS Executive summary 3 Blade for Blade, power is the same 5 PAN lowers power by reducing server/cpu count by 50% 8 PRIMERGY BladeFrame s Data Centre Virtualisation Architecture 9 CoolFrame Technology reduces Data Centre air cooling load up to 83% 10 Summary 12
3 For every $1 spent on new server spend, $0.50 is spent on energy to power and cool it. (Figure 1: IDC) Worldwide Server Installed Base, New Server Spending, and Power and Cooling Expense Executive summary The evolution of distributed computing has led to an explosion in data center complexity as the number of servers, storage devices, and local and wide area networks has grown exponentially. At the same time, processors continue to get more powerful but applications remain rigidly tied to specific servers, leading to low server utilisation across the data center. This makes today s environment extremely complex and difficult to manage, yielding high costs for: Hardware and software to meet peak loads, high availability and disaster recovery Operational expenses for space, power and cooling Personnel-intensive administration of redundant power, LAN, SAN and management networks As a result of these industry trends, businesses are spending an increasingly large portion of their IT budgets on maintenance and power and cooling. According to IDC, in 2006 businesses world-wide spent about $55.4 billion on new servers and approximately $29 billion to power and cool those machines. That is almost half the cost of the equipment itself for every $1 spent on the server, $0.5 is spent on energy to power and cool it! The amount of money that businesses will spend to power and cool the data center is only going up, so it is critical for IT departments to get control over its computing, storage and network resources. FIGURE 1 Spending (US$ in billions) Installed base (units in thousands) New Server Spending Power and Cooling Installed Base (M units) Source: IDC 2007 IDC March 2007 "CIO Strategies to Build the Next-Generation Data Center" by Vernon Turner 3
4 Data centre complexity and the large number of servers in the data centre are the primary drivers of increased energy consumption for power and cooling. An increasing number of enterprises have hit the limits of their data centre s power, cooling and space capacity. IT leaders need to consider the following questions: 1) How can I most efficiently use only the processing power I need within each server? 1) How can I eliminate a majority of the components that are drawing power and generating heat (servers, switches, disk drives, etc.) while maintaining high levels of service to my customer? 1) How can I efficiently remove heat from my data centre? Data centre virtualisation is key to achieving these goals, and alone could reduce energy costs in the data centre by up to 50%. Data centre virtualisation creates dynamic pools of processing, storage and networking resources that can be applied as needed, when needed, to applications. PRIMERGY BladeFrame s data centre virtualisation architecture is called the PAN (Processing Area Network). The PAN transforms many common hardware components into software, thus dramatically reducing the overall cost and complexity in the data centre. The PAN architecture allows IT to 1) deliver power efficiently by supplying only the power needed at the right time; 2) reduce data centre complexity by up to 80% and the number of servers/ CPUs that need to be cooled by up to 50%; and 3) provide an additional 25% reduction in data centre cooling with advanced system-level cooling technologies, such as the CoolFrame solution. 4
5 Blade for Blade, power is the same BladeFrame allows you to power only what you need The majority of power in blade servers is consumed by the CPU and memory. Therefore, chip manufacturers are focused on developing processors that provide better performance-per-watt, and the ability to dynamically adjust performance, based on CPU utilisation (e.g. optimise the performance-per-watt for each CPU). The remaining 30 40% of the power is consumed by disk drives, networking, I/O, peripherals and power. Hardware vendors are using the same components in their servers, so there are very few differences from a power perspective when comparing a blade to a blade. The real impact on power and cooling occurs with data centre virtualisation, which reduces server/cpu count and power costs by up to 50%. Servers that you don t have are the best kind, because they don t need to be powered or cooled. Traditional blades are just a change in form factor compared to rack mount servers. Blades as a form factor provide modularity and consolidate external I/O requirements, but without virtualisation, remain rigidly tied to the OS/application and therefore do not impact the number of servers required in the data centre. FIGURE 2. PROCESSORS AND MEMORY CONSUME THE MAJORITY OF POWER IN A SERVER: 50% CPU 30-40% Disk, network, I/O, peripherals, power 10% Memory Source: Full-System Power Analysis and Modelling for Server Environments, by Dimitris Economou, Suzanne Rivoire, Christos Kozyrakis, and Partha Ranganathan 5
6 Comparing PRIMERGY BladeFrame Processing Blade (pblade ) modules to traditional blades, highlights some of the advantages of the PRIMERGY BladeFrame PAN architecture. Power requirements are the same for PRIMERGY BladeFrame pblade modules as competitive blades. On average, power requirements are the same for each blade configuration because each hardware vendor uses the same components. Figure 3 and 4 illustrate that performance/power and power/blade only slightly vary for a variety of server configurations. Reduction in physical complexity lowers data centre power requirements. PRIMERGY BladeFrame requires ~15 20% less power/blade in some configurations compared to traditional bladed architectures (e.g. 4-socket configurations). Through the PAN architecture, many common hardware components are eliminated (NICs, HBAs, disk drives, CDROMS, external switch port consolidation) and controlled in software. The PAN dramatically reduces the number of physical components that exist in the data centre, and therefore, reduces the amount of power drawn and heat emitted. Shared-nothing architectures allow you to only power what you need. PRIMERGY BladeFrame appears to require ~15 20% more power/blade in some configurations compared to traditional bladed architectures (e.g. higher density 2-socket configurations). However, shared architectures power and cool the entire system whether you have two or 16 blades installed. PRIMERGY BladeFrame has a shared-nothing architecture, so you only power what you need. Figure 5 illustrates how a shared-nothing architecture is more efficient regardless of whether the system is partially or fully utilised. PRIMERGY BladeFrame pblade modules are optimised for the highest efficiency. Each PRIMERGY BladeFrame pblade has its own power supply and fan; right-sized to operate at peak efficiency at the maximum rated output power. Power/cooling is not oversized for larger memory or CPU configurations. Efficiencies in shared architectures are lower when the system is not fully loaded or is operating above the maximum rated power. 6
7 Performance/power varies slightly between vendors depending on the server configuration (Figure 3: Vendor Power Calculators with diskless, SAN connected servers) 0.5 Performance/Watt (Spec/W) AMD-2216, 2-socket/4GB Intel 5160, 2-socket/16GB AMD-8216, 4-socket/32GB BladeFrame HP cclass IBM BCH* HP Rack Intel-x socket/32GB Power/blade varies slightly between vendors depending on the server configuration (Figure 4: Vendor Power Calculators with diskless, SAN connected servers) Watts/blade AMD-2216, 2-socket/4GB Intel 5160, 2-socket/16GB AMD-8216, 4-socket/32GB Intel-x socket/32GB BladeFrame HP cclass IBM BCH* HP Rack PRIMERGY BladeFrame only powers what you need 25% more energy efficient than shared architectures that are only 20% utilised (Figure 5: Vendor Power Calculators) Watts/blade % 20% 40% 60% System Utilisation with AMD-2216, 2-socket/4GB 80% 100% Traditional Blades: Shared Power/Cooling BladeFrame: Shared Nothing Power measurements are based on power sizing tools, which do not reflect application environments (e.g. configuration, application, ambient temperature, and other factors). A more realistic value under typical conditions is assumed to be 80% of the maximum provided, which is assumed for IBM s power calculator results. 7
8 PAN lowers power by reducing server/cpu count by 50% - Servers that you don t have, don t need to be powered or cooled Servers/CPUs that you don t have are the best kind, because they don t need to be powered or cooled. The PAN architecture reduces the number of servers/cpus in the data centre by up to 50%. Data centres typically buy enough servers to support an application at its peak demand while ensuring high availability and disaster recovery with additional servers. This environment is often replicated for test, development, QA, production and disaster recovery. That capacity is trapped and cannot be shared between applications or departments as business demands change. The end result is data centres are filled with hundreds to thousands of servers and all the supporting infrastructure including network switches, storage networks, cables and cooling systems. Each of these components requires power, cooling and real estate, which drive up operational costs for organisations. The best way to reduce the amount of power and cooling required in the data centre is to eliminate servers, which also eliminates the resulting surrounding infrastructure. PRIMERGY BladeFrame s data centre virtualisation architecture, simplifies the data centre and eliminates the complexity causing most of today's power and cooling challenges. This architecture enables the ability to dynamically provision resources based on business demands, provide cost effective high availability and disaster recovery. This eliminates up to 50% of the servers/cpus supporting an application and dramatically reduces data centre complexity in the data centre by up to 80%. One BladeFrame customer has an environment that requires 70 production servers, of which 50% is highly available. Traditional server architectures would require 105 servers to support production with high availability. PRIMERGY BladeFrame lowers power requirements by 35% by eliminating the need for 33 of these servers. figure 6. PAN reduces server/cpu count by up to 50% (Intel-x5355, 2 socket/32gb). (Power Requirements in Watts) 60, Servers 50,000 40, Servers 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 HP cclass BladeFrame 8
9 PRIMERGY BladeFrame s Data Centre Virtualisation Architecture PRIMERGY BladeFrame's Processing Area Network (PAN) architecture combines stateless, diskless processing blades with unique virtualisation software (PAN Manager software) to dramatically reduce data centre complexity and deliver an agile, highly-available infrastructure. PAN Manager replaces hardware infrastructure with software and eliminates manual, resource-intensive systems administration tasks through integrated automation. Rather than tie specific operating systems and applications to a server, PAN Manager creates pools of computer storage and network resources that can be dynamically allocated as needed. In conjunction with the BladeFrame system, PAN Manager software delivers a fully virtualised computing infrastructure in an integrated, highly-available system. figure 7. PRIMERGY BladeFrame s PAN architecture combines a pool of diskless, stateless processing nodes connected via a high-speed, lowlatency fabric and centrally managed with a front-end controller. CPU Memory CPU Memory CPU Memory CPU Memory CPU Memory Fabric Switch PAN Controller pserver to Physical CPU/Memory Mapping in PAN Network SAN Through virtualisation, the PAN can repurpose servers when needed, as needed (on the fly). This reduces the need to have servers: Specified for the intended peak capacity plus some extra overhead for comfort. Configured as passive standby servers or overly clustered active machines. This capability eliminates the need for servers that were provisioning only for high availability. Dedicated development or UAT servers without sharing computing resources across applications. Sitting idle in a DR mode and not used for development or QA environments. One system can serve as backup to production systems at multiple production data centers (N+1 DR). The role of virtual machine technology For less mission-critical applications those that don t require HA/DR or the full capacity of a single processing resource consolidation using virtual machine technologies is often used to reduce power and cooling requirements. For example, one server hosting four virtual machines might draw 600 W (operating at 60% utilisation) compared to four dedicated physical resources drawing 1200 W (400W for each server, operating at 15% utilisation). PRIMERGY BladeFrame s PAN architecture provides the ideal platform for managing a virtual machine environment. The PAN provides a single management domain for configuring, allocating, repurposing and managing both physical and virtual servers. In addition, the PAN provides a flexible pool of resources for delivering cost effective high availability, N+1 failover, disaster recovery, dynamic repurposing and other critical services available through PAN Manager software. Whether consolidating hundreds of servers onto virtual blades or deploying the most mission-critical applications on physical blades, the PAN provides management and physical simplicity. Managing hypervisors within the PAN allows for servers to be right-sized, eliminating idle CPU cycles that are being cooled for no reason. 9
10 CoolFrame Technology reduces Data Centre air cooling load up to 83% Current data centers are designed for power densities of 550 W/m 2 to 1380 W/m 2. With the rapid adoption of blades and hypervisors, rack power densities may be exceeding the data centre s ability to cool effectively with standard HVAC systems. Increases in temperature associated with larger power consumption have been shown to reduce the reliability and efficiency of systems. Every 10 degree temperature increase over 21C can decrease the reliability of electronics by 50% (Source: Uptime Institute). Given these challenges, reducing data centre complexity in order to lower power requirements and increase the efficiency of cooling dense systems is critical. Rack-level cooling solutions can dissipate heat generated from the rack to reduce the overall room temperature and load on HVAC systems. The CoolFrame solution integrates Emerson Network Power's Liebert XD cooling technology with the BladeFrame 400 S2 system. Adding CoolFrame to a BladeFrame 400 S2 reduces the heat dissipation of the rack to the room from as much as 20,000 watts to a maximum of 1,500 watts. Each additional server that is added to the BladeFrame results in zero watts emitted into the data centre. Business Benefits of CoolFrame 23% reduction in data centre cooling energy costs of a BladeFrame 400 S2 environment 83% reduction in data centre cooling load (eliminating 1.5 kw of fan load per rack) Decrease real estate requirements from 23,4 m 2 to 11,9 m 2 (based on quad-core 4-socket servers). Estimates for provisioned data centre floor space is approximately /m 2 according to industry analysts Operational Benefits of CoolFrame Not WATER refrigerants safe and reliable No additional power requirements No impact on cable management and serviceability No additional footprint required no initial planning required today for cooling requirements, changes can be made in future with no impact on real estate or data centre operations Cool only the servers that need additional heat dissipation avoid overcooling the whole data centre with inefficient air cooling mechanisms 10
11 The Liebert XD is a waterless cooling solution that delivers focused cooling through an infrastructure that includes a pumping unit or chiller and overhead piping system with quick-connect fixtures. Flexible piping connects Liebert XD cooling modules to the infrastructure, making it easy to add modules or reconfigure the system. With the CoolFrame solution, Liebert XD cooling modules become integral to the rear of the BladeFrame 400 S2 system. A single pumping unit or chiller provides 160 kw liquid cooling capacity for up to eight BladeFrame 400 S2 systems. FIGURE 8. THE LIEBERT XD Same footprint as BladeFrame 9,250 watts reduced to 0 watts 1,500 watts Liebert XD CoolFrame Modules Existing building chillers Liebert XDP/XDC 160kW liquid cooling pump unit Can support 8 BladeFrames 9,250 watts reduced to 0 watts 11
12 figure 9. FLUID BASED COOLING SOLUTIONS COOLING FRAME HP-MCS IBM COOL BLUE Design Rear of MCS Cabinet Door 12" 300mm 12" 300mm 12" 300mm HP MCS 51" 1295mm 35.8" 909mm 12" 300mm 24" 600mm Front of Rack viewed from top Footprint 4 floor tiles - same as without 7.5 floor tiles 5 floor tiles Capacity 20kW 30kW 15kW Efficiency 94% 100% 50% Reliability and Energy Utilisation No extra fans Fans and pumps required for each cabinet No extra fans Summary Comparing power requirements for blade configurations where processor utilisation is high, demonstrates near equivalence in power consumption for similar processors. PRIMERGY BladeFrame offers a dramatic advantage of lower overall power consumption based on: PAN architecture that reduces the number of required servers/cpus by up to 50% Shared-nothing environment that allows you to power only what you need, lowering power consumption over the typical usage period with high and low server utilisation Powerful virtualisation software that eliminates NICs, HBAs, local disks and external switch ports that contribute to power consumption. 12
13 PAN architecture provide significant architectural and density advantages Chassis and Environment Value: Investment protection, architecture, real estate requirements pan architecture hp cclass ibm bladecenter Chassis 42U Rack Same infrastructure over past five years 10U Chassis 4 chassis/rack New chassis versus p-class 9U Chassis 4 chassis/rack New chassis versus BC1 Blades Single form factor half height and full-height Single wide and double wide Architecture Virtualised No physical NICs, HBAs, Disk Drives, CDROMs shared nothing power/ cooling Traditional Physical NICs, HBAs, Disk Drives, CDROMs Shared power/ cooling Traditional Physical NICs, HBAs, Disk Drives, CDROMs Shared power/ cooling Theoretical Processing and Power Density Value: Power calculations include infrastructure. Real estate requirements based on theoretical server density AMD 2 x 2.4 Dual-Core 4GB 96 cores/rack 358 Watts/blade 8.6 kw/rack 256 cores/rack 293 Watts/blade 18.7 kw/rack 224 cores/rack 263 Watts/blade 14.7 kw/rack Intel 2 x 3.0 Dual-Core 16GB 96 cores/rack 458 Watts/blade 10.9 kw/rack 128 cores/rack 504 Watts/blade 16.1 kw/rack 224 cores/rack 304 Watts/blade 17 kw/rack AMD 4 x 2.4 Dual-Core 32GB 192 cores/rack 578 Watts/blade 13.8 kw/rack 256 cores/rack 738 Watts/blade 23.6 kw/rack 224 cores/rack 556 Watts/blade 15.6 Watts/rack Quad-Core 384 cores/rack Power/cooling infrastructure in place to scale past current blade configurations Enable any frame to support the fastest chipsets No quad-socket configurations means densities capped without fork-lift upgrades As chipsets become more dense, enclosures can only be partially filled No quad-socket configurations means densities capped without fork-lift upgrades As chipsets become more dense, enclosures can only be partially filled Architecture Value: Energy efficiency lowers energy requirements and costs. Fully modular blade with self contained power/cooling protects infrastructure investments and guarantees system-level uptime Shared infrastructure versus distributed power Distributed power Blades that are not running are powered down and not drawing any power Blades take advantage of most efficient power supply at time Deliver the correct amount of power for that blade at an efficient operating point Shared power/cooling Power supplies and fans are always on (inefficiencies for partially loaded systems) System has most efficient power supplies and fans only at time of release System downtime and cost required with forklift upgrade of power/cooling infrastructure System-level management tool required for optimising efficiencies of power supplies and fans (Thermal Logic) Shared power/cooling Power supplies and fans are always on (inefficiencies for partially loaded systems) System has most efficient power supplies and fans only at time of release System downtime may be required with forklift upgrade of power infrastructure System-level management tool required for optimising efficiencies of power supplies and fans (Power Executive) Fully loaded system risks performance impact or power redundancy System Requirements Power and cooling depends on configuration Cooling Front to back Less physical cables and components to restrict air flow Each system is isolated and independent 6x2250 W power supplies Up to 10 fans for base system 4x2900 W power supplies Up to 12 fans for base system Vector Cooling required to control air flow through the system 13
14 ts.fujitsu.com Published by Fujitsu Technology Solutions Domagkstr. 28, Munich, Germany Copyright: 2009 Fujitsu Technology Solutions Contact: ts.fujitsu.com/contact All rights reserved, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model. All designations used in this document may be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of their owners. We reserve the right to change delivery options or make technical modifications.
Green Data Center and Virtualization Reducing Power by Up to 50% Pages 10
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