P.3 English Comparison of Adjectives (Comparative & Superlative) 5/5/ /5/2014 Canossa School (Hong Kong)
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1 P.3 English Comparison of Adjectives (Comparative & Superlative) 5/5/ /5/2014 Canossa School (Hong Kong)
2 Theoretical framework of Learning Study Building on three types of Variation: V1: Variation in students understanding about the topic V2: Variation in teachers understanding of what the most worthwhile object of learning is and ways of handling it V3: Using Pattern of Variation as a guiding principle of pedagogical design
3 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects Another cycle of the study Steps in a Learning Study cycle & the use of variation Different teaching cycles Plan the research lesson (V2, V3) Disseminate & report the results (V2) Evaluate the overall impact of the study (V2) Evaluate the learning outcomes (post-test, interviews) (V1) Implement & observe the lesson (V1, 2, 3)
4 Research Lesson Model Lesson
5 Select a topic for study (V2) Which topic is most worth studying? What do you expect the students to learn on the topic? According to the English Curriculum Guide, students in Key stage 1 are required to understand the form of adjectives and comparative adjectives. In our teaching practice, students were often confused with the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. They could not differentiate when to use them accurately. Some students also struggled with spelling of the irregular comparative and superlative forms. We hope that the students are able to understand the form and usage of adjectives, comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in context.
6 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Stage 1 Topic: Comparison of Adjectives (Comparative & Superlative) Tentative object of learning: a. Use adjectives to describe people or objects b. Use comparative adjectives or adjective phrases to make comparisons c. Use superlative adjectives or adjective phrases to make comparisons
7 Design of the pilot test Object of Learning Q. no. Assessment focus The critical items addressed The ability to understand the usage of adjectives, comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in context 1 Use comparative adjective phrases Double the consonant of adjectives ending in a short vowel and a consonant CF(b) 2 Use comparative adjective CF(b) 3 Use superlative adjective phrases CF(c) 4 Use adjectives CF(a) 5 Use comparative adjective Change y to i to adjective CF(b) 6 Use superlative adjective phrases Double the consonant of adjectives ending in a short vowel and a consonant CF(c) 7 Use comparative adjective CF(b) 8 Use superlative adjective phrases Change y to i to adjective CF(c) 9 Use comparative adjective phrases CF(b) 10 Use adjectives CF(a)
8
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10 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the comparative or superlative adjectives. John is my friend. He is 140cm tall. I am 130cm tall. I am (short). He likes telling jokes. I think he is (funny) person in my class. He also likes doing exercise in his free time. I don't like doing exercise. He is (fit) me. He always gets 100 marks in dictation. He is very (smart).
11 P.3 Pilot Test Analysis P.3 L1 L2 L3 M1 M2 M3 H1 H2 H3 Q1 (comparative) Q2 (comparative) Q3 (superlative) Q4 (adjective) Q5 (comparative) Part A Pictures are provided Q6 (superlative) Q7 (comparative) Q8 (superlative) Q9 (comparative) Part B In context Q10 (adjective) Weakness: Superlative Adjective context Superlative Adjective context Adjective
12 P.4 Pilot Test Analysis P.4 L1 L2 L3 M1 M2 M3 H1 H2 H3 Q1 (comparative) Q2 (comparative) Q3 (superlative) Q4 (adjective) Q5 (comparative) Part A Pictures are provided Q6 (superlative) Q7 (comparative) Q8 (superlative) Q9 (comparative) Part B In context Q10 (adjective) Weakness: Superlative Adjective context Adjective
13 Select a topic for study (V2) Topic: Comparison of Adjectives (Comparative & Superlative) Tentative object of learning: The ability to identify when to use adjectives, comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in context. Tentative critical aspects: Critical Aspect CF (a) Function Use adjectives to describe people, animals or objects when there is no comparison CF (b) Use comparative adjectives to compare the difference between 2 CF (c) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) people / animals / objects Use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people / animals / objects Stage 2 Form big bigger than the biggest
14 Design of the pretest Object of Learning Q. no. Assessment focus The critical items addressed 1 Use adjectives CF(a) The ability to Identify when to use adjectives, comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in context 2 Use comparative adjectives CF(b) 3 Use superlative adjectives CF(c) 4 Use comparative adjectives CF(b) 5 Use adjectives CF(a) 6 Use superlative adjectives CF(c) 7 Use comparative adjectives CF(b) 8 Use superlative adjectives CF(c) 9 Use comparative adjectives CF(b) 10 Use adjectives CF(a)
15 Design of the pretest (Modification)
16
17 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the comparative or superlative adjectives. John is my friend. He is 140cm tall. I am 130cm tall. I am (short) him. He likes telling jokes. I think he is (funny) person in my class. He also likes doing sports in his free time. I don't like doing sports. He is (fit) me. He always gets 100 marks in dictation. He is very (smart).
18 Pre-test results (3E & 3F)
19 Analysis of the Pre-test The sample is 59 students from 2 classes (3E & 3F) in Primary 3. The test consists of 10 questions. It is divided into two parts. The data of the pretest as follows: Common Error: Use the comparative form: stronger
20 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: - Missing than - young than
21 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Mostly use the comparative form - taller than Few use the adjective - tall
22 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Missing than Wrong spelling biger / then
23 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Use the comparative form: heavier
24 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Mostly use the comparative form older than Few use the adjective - old
25 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Missing than
26 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Mostly use the adjective funny Few use the comparative form - funnier
27 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: - Missing than - Wrong spelling fiter
28 Analysis of the Pre-test Common Error: Use the comparative form: smarter
29 Pre-lesson interview(s) with a sample of students: Main results Sample: The sample is 3 students from Primary 3. They are chosen from 3 different ability groupings. ( L1, M1, H1) Interview results from L1: Use comparative adjectives to make comparisons between two persons / objects / animals Unable to identify the form of adjectives when there is no comparison Unable to use adjectives to describe persons / objects / animals when there is no comparison Unable to use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people /objects / animals
30 Interview results from M1: Identify the form of adjectives and comparative adjectives Use comparative adjectives to make comparisons between two persons / objects / animals Use adjectives to describe persons / objects / animals when there is no comparison Unable to use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people /objects / animals Interview results from H1: Identify the form of adjectives and comparative adjectives Use comparative adjectives to make comparisons between two persons / objects / animals Use adjectives to describe persons / objects / animals when there is no comparison Unable to use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people / objects / animals
31 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) What have the students learnt? able to use comparative adjectives to make comparisons between two persons / objects / animals able to use adjectives to describe people / objects / animals What are their learning difficulties? unable to identify the form of adjectives when there is no comparison. unable to use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people / objects / animals.
32 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects Confirmed object of learning: The ability to understand when to use adjectives, comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in context Critical aspects: CF1: Use adjectives to describe a person, an animal or an object when there is no comparison (e.g. big) CF2: Use comparative adjectives to make comparison between 2 people, 2 animals or 2 objects (e.g. bigger than) CF3: Use superlative adjectives to make comparison among 3 or more people, animals or objects (e.g. the biggest)
33 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects How to teach the research lesson? V2: Variation in teachers understanding of what the most worthwhile object of learning is & ways of handling it Plan the research lesson (V2, V3) V3: Using Pattern of Variation as a guiding principle of pedagogical design
34 Teaching Plan & the use of Pattern of Variation Class Level :Primary 3 Number of period: 1 ( 40 minutes) 1. Lead-in / Motivation: watch a video in YouTube and find out the adjectives
35 Activity Critical aspect(s) be discerned Varied Kept constant 1. Group Discussion discuss when to use adjectives and comparative adjectives. CF1: Use adjectives when there is no comparison disregard the number (singular/plural) of the subject e.g. Mary is tall. Sam and Mary are tall. The number of subject Verb (subjectverb agreement) Subject adjectives CF2: Use comparative adjectives when comparing 2 objects/persons/animals e.g. Tom is tall. Tom is taller than Sam. The form of comparative adjectives i.e. er + than
36 Activity Critical aspect(s) be discerned Varied Kept constant 2. M.C Questions discuss and fill in the blanks with adjectives or comparative adjectives CF1: Use adjectives when there is no comparison disregard the number (singular/plural) of the subject e.g. Mary is tall. Sam and Mary are tall. The number of subject Verb (subjectverb agreement) Subject adjectives CF2: Use comparative adjectives when comparing 2 objects/persons/animals e.g. Tom is tall. Tom is taller than Sam. The form of comparative adjectives i.e. er + than
37 Activity Critical aspect(s) be discerned Varied Kept constant 3. Story telling 4. Group Discussion discuss when to use superlative adjectives CF3: Use superlative adjectives when comparing 3 or more objects/persons/animals. e.g. Tom is taller than Sam. Tom is the tallest in the class. The form of superlative adjectives i.e. the + est The number of subject The form of subject adjectives
38 Conclusion / Consolidation : Error Finding
39 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects Implementation in different cycles Post-lesson interview(s) with a sample of students, Post-lesson conference, Post-test How is the lesson in each cycle taught? What do students learn in each cycle? How to improve the lesson plan for the next cycle? Evaluate the learning outcomes (post-test, interviews) (V1) Different teaching cycles Plan the research lesson (V2, V3) Implement & observe the lesson (V1, 2, 3)
40 1st cycle of implementation Lesson teacher: Pang Siu Man, Agnes Class: 3E Class time: 1:50-2:25 p.m. Students Performance: In activity one, students could point out the differences between the usage of adjectives and comparative adjectives. They could identify the forms of them and the idea of making comparisons.
41 1st cycle of implementation Students Performance: In activity two, students could explain the use of adjectives and comparative adjectives.
42 1st cycle of implementation Students Performance: In activity two, students could explain the use of adjectives and comparative adjectives.
43 1st cycle of implementation Students Performance: In activity three, students could identify the form of superlative adjectives, i.e. the the -est form of adjectives. Some higher achievers could explain when to use superlative adjectives.
44 1st cycle of implementation Students Performance: In the part of the error identification, some students missed the the in the superlative adjectives. In the post-lesson interview, all the 4 students interviewed could conclude when to use the different forms of adjectives.
45 Suggestions for 2 nd cycle of implementation Since in the part of the error identification, some students missed the the in the superlative adjectives, it is suggested that they should be instructed to highlight the form in the previous discussion in order to have clearer focus on the form of superlative adjectives. Students are reminded the form of comparative adjectives and the spelling of than. There should be a discussion and peer checking after finishing the error identification.
46 2nd cycle of implementation Lesson teacher: Mak Kit Man, Maggie Class: 3F Class time: 11:10-11:50 a.m. Students Performance: Similar results were found in all the activities. Students could identify the forms and differences between the usage of adjectives and comparative adjectives.
47 2nd cycle of implementation Students Performance: In activity three, students could partially identify the form of superlative adjectives. Some of them highlighted -est in the sentences but missed out the.
48 2nd cycle of implementation Students Performance: In the error finding exercise, after the students finished their worksheet, time was given them to do a discussion and peer checking. More students could identify the form of superlative adjectives. Less students missed out the.
49 Suggestions for 3rd cycle of implementation In the post-test interview, most students could conclude when to use the different forms of adjectives. But still one of the lower achiever could not use the superlative adjective in question three because she didn t understand the meaning of the word among. It is suggested to attach pictures in the error identification worksheet.
50 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects What is the overall learning outcomes? How do the outcomes be related to the teaching act in each cycle? What do we learn from this Learning Study? Plan the research lesson (V2, V3) Different teaching cycles Evaluate the overall impact of the study (V2) Evaluate the learning outcomes (post-test, interviews) (V1) Implement & observe the lesson (V1, 2, 3)
51 Comparison of the pre- & post-test results (3E & 3F)
52 Post Test Questions
53
54 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the comparative or superlative adjectives. John is my friend. He is 140cm tall. I am 130cm tall. I am (short) him. He likes telling jokes. I think he is (funny) person in my class. He also likes doing sports in his free time. I don't like doing sports. He is (fit) me. He always gets 100 marks in dictation. He is very (smart).
55 Comparison of the pre- & post-test results Over 92% of students were able to distinguish the forms of adjectives and comparative adjectives. They made progress in all the post-test questions except question number four. One student wrote big than in this answer and forgot to add -er. More than 50% of students improved and were able to use the form of superlative adjectives with picture clues. More than 40% of students made progress in the use of superlative adjectives in context.
56 Pre-test Student 1 (H) Post-test
57 Pre-test Student 1 (H) Post-test
58 Student 2 (M) Pre-test Post-test
59 Student 2 (M) Pre-test Post-test
60 Student 3 (M) Pre-test Post-test
61 Student 3 (M) Pre-test Post-test
62 Pre-test Student 4 (L) Post-test
63 Pre-test Student 4 (L) Post-test
64 Pre-test Student 5 (L) Post-test
65 Pre-test Student 5 (L) Post-test
66 Further recommendations for improving the research lesson From the results of the post-test, students were able to classify the usage of adjectives and comparative adjectives. The structure of superlative adjectives should be further reinforced in the next lesson. Students showed a great improvement in using superlative adjectives. But the post-test showed that 24% of students failed to master the structure or the form of superlative, for example, they missed the in their answers. Therefore, further activities to reinforce the whole form of superlative adjectives (i.e. the est ) are needed. Students attention should be drawn to the context in order to find out the number of parties involved in the comparison, so as to decide which is the correct form of adjectives to be used. The next object of learning will also be the irregular forms of adjectives for comparison.
67 Teachers reflection Pilot test and pretest are the important tools to identify students' learning difficulties. Teachers benefitted from the collaborative reflections and investigations. Findings indicated that the lessons were successful in helping the students to develop the concept of using different forms of adjectives. Learning study enhanced both student learning and teacher professional development.
68 Limitations Lessons were video recorded which affected the actual performance of students. The sample size might not big enough to represent the performance of students. There was not enough time to go through all the activities planned in the lesson plan.
69 Select a topic for study (V2) Identify a tentative object of learning (V2) Diagnose students learning difficulties (pre-test, interviews) (V1) Confirm the object of learning & its critical aspects Another cycle of the study ~ The End~ Thank you! Different teaching cycles Plan the research lesson (V2, V3) Disseminate & report the results (V2) Evaluate the overall impact of the study (V2) Evaluate the learning outcomes (post-test, interviews) (V1) Implement & observe the lesson (V1, 2, 3)
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