Eastern Religions. Religion in China 1

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1 [Notes: Red and White] Eastern Religions Religion in China 1 1. Geography East and West 2. Middle Eastern Religions 3. Geography: China 4. Origins of Chinese Civilization 5. Ancient Taoism

2 1 Geography: China

3 THE MIDDLE KINGDOM Chinese people also refer to their country as Huaxia, or the great civilization.

4 Chinese Transliteration Wade-Giles Tzu Pinyin Chung Kuo, Kung Fu, Tao, Lao Zhong guo, Gongfu, Dao, Laozi Q=Ch, e.g. Qin Dynasty X=Sh, e.g. Xin Jiang province I use a mix of both systems.

5 highlighted on map: The Far East including the P.R. of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Mongolia, North and South Korea, and Japan 1.3 billion people in China compared to 300 million people in the U.S. An enormous population. But in a very large area of land, right? Well, not so fast.

6 The Chinese population is concentrated mainly in the East (in the red areas). The mountains and desert make other areas less inhabitable.

7 This is a view of China from the East from the Pacific Ocean Hainan Island; 2 Leizhou Peninsula; 3 Hong Kong; 4 Guangzhou (Canton); 5 Shanghai; 6 Beijing; 7 Tianjin; 8 Wuhan; 9 Xi an

8 Topographical map of China Taklamakan Desert Himalayan Mountains Kunlun Mountains

9 Mongolians Manchuria Turkestanis Manchurians Tibetans The People s Republic of China 56 recognized ethnicities Han: 98% of Chinese

10 just a side note Turkic Peoples Kazakhstan and China are separated by the Tian Shan Mountains. Tengri Sky Father

11 Mongolians Manchuria Turkestanis Manchurians Tibetans The People s Republic of China 56 recognized ethnicities Han: 98% of Chinese

12 Traditional Han clothing and people The Han people originated with the Huaxia tribes along the Yellow River and now make up nearly a quarter (22%) of the of the world s population.

13 Traditional Han clothing and people

14 Review C 1. China actually calls itself the? (English translation) 2. The Chinese population is mostly situated where? 3. The western part of China is sparsely populated because there are a lot of? and? 4. The largest ethnic group in China is called? 5. They make up nearly? of the world s population. 6. The main ethnic group in the southwest of China is? 7. The main ethnic group in the northwest is? 8. The main ethnic group in the north is? 9. And the main ethnic group in the northeast is?

15 4 Origins of Chinese Civilization

16 The Yellow and Yangtze Rivers are the major rivers of the north and south in China. The ancient Han Civilization began near the big bend of the Yellow River with the tribes of the Huaxia.

17 The Mother River statue erected along the banks of the Yellow River

18 late Stone Age 10, BC Paleolithic Period The Peking Man was discovered in Homo Erectus arrived in the Yellow Sea region almost a million years ago.

19 late Stone Age 10, BC Neolithic Period The Jiahu began growing and grinding millet about 7000 BC. There was some rice cultivation as well. The Jiahu Culture also made flutes and had one of the earliest forms of writing in the world (right). It lasted from about BC. This was followed by the rise of the Yangshao Culture ( BC), and the Longshan Culture ( BC). It s during the Longshan period that the legendary kings called the Flame and Yellow emperors would have lived. Most of the items on this page are dated from about 6,000-4,000 BC

20 Myths and Legends of Ancient China The Kunlun Mountains are the home of the gods. AXIS MUNDI (Latin): cosmic center Peach Tree on Kunlun is the Tree of Life

21 Xi Wang Mu: Queen Mother of the West Qing era painting Worship of this Mother Goddess goes back at least to the 15 th -C BC

22 Myths and Legends of Ancient China I Ching Fu Xi is said to have originated the principles of the I Ching. Nuwa 1. patched the slit in the sky with 5 colored stones, and 2.. created the Han people out of the yellow earth. Fu Xi and Nuwa Great Flood Gonggong, a sea dragon had created the hole.

23 FLAME (possibly lived as early as 3100 BC) 3000 BC 2600 BC Myths and Legends of Ancient China Sheep s Head Mountain in the Shan Xi Province Father of Chinese Agriculture and Medicine Shennong, The Divine Farmer The 1 st Flame Emperor (Yan Di)

24 YELLOW (reign and calendar began in 2698) 3000 BC 2600 BC Myths and Legends of Ancient China Ancient Characters from Dingong in Shandong Province WRITING The Yellow Emperor assigned Cang Jie the task of developing China s first writing system Guqin Gōngsūn Xuānyuán The Yellow Emperor (Huang Di) Father of Chinese Civilization SILK PRODUCTION MUSIC

25 Review D 1. The two main rivers where China civilization developed are? 2. The northern one is? 3. Chinese civilization began along the? river. 4. The home of the gods is said to be the?, which is near the origin of the? and? rivers 5. Taoism has long revered a goddess known as the? who dwelled in? 6. It is thought of as the? meaning the center of the? 7. Chinese myth tells of a great flood survived by? and? 8. The hole in the sky was patched with? by? 9. She also created the? from the? earth. 10. The Flame Emperor is said to be the Father of? and? 11. The Yellow Emperor is said to be the Father of?

26 5 Roots of Chinese Religion

27 巫 Wuism Last Oroqen Shaman Chinese religion began with Wuism. A Wu is a Shaman. And even Church Taoism honors the Shaman goddess Xi Wangmu

28 Genesis 1: In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

29 The Wu Chi, or CHAOS

30 ORDER: The Tai Chi, or Supreme Ultimate

31 individual things emerged in a harmonious balance of opposites Yin and Yang

32 Chaos Order: a harmonious balance of opposites Wu Chi Tai Chi The Supreme Ultimate The Source of Being Ba gua: 8 trigrams representing the 4 cardinal directions and the elements Maintaining Balance and Harmony became an important aspect of Chinese religions. Tai Chi Tu (the yin/yang symbol)

33 DIVINATION: divine guidance through a ritual process pyromancy: divination by fire destiny chance choice Short and Long Sticks Tossing 3 coins Oracle Bones used until Shang dynasty Oracle Blocks after that Jiaobei blocks

34 I Ching: Book of Changes 8 Trigrams and 64 Hexagrams "Creativity comes from awakening and directing men's higher natures, which originate in the primal depths of the universe and are appointed by Heaven." The I Ching was originally a sacred philosophical text about the nature of existence that later also became a tool of divination.

35 Chinese Medicine balancing yin and yang acupuncture improving and maintaining the flow of chi

36 Review E 1. The yin-yang symbol is called the? 2. Chinese Myth teaches that the universe arose out of? represented by the? in the Tai Chi Tu. 3. Out of chaos came? represented by the? in the Tai Chi Tu. 4. Then individual things appeared in a? balance of? represented by the? and? 5. Chinese religions emphasize that to live well is to maintain the proper? of yin and yang. 6. Divination is? through a? process. 7. The earliest form of divination in China is the use of? 8. Later they used? in their place. 9. Another form involving the 8 trigrams began, that uses? and? sticks, or tossing? 10. The results are interpreted through the book called? 11. Chinese medicine, in general, focuses on balancing? 12. Acupuncture is based, in addition, on improving and maintaining the?

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