Heart Lab. Section 1: heart structure a. label the diagram of the external view of the heart. The Heart - External view

Transcription

1 Biology 12 Heart Lab Name Section 1: heart structure a. label the diagram of the external view of the heart. The Heart - External view b. describe the function of coronary circulation. c. describe the difference between and artery and a vein.

2 Internal view: d. identify and label the following on a model and diagram of the heart: *left & right atria *left & right ventricles *superior (anterior) vena cava *inferior (posterior) vena cava *aorta *pulmonary trunk *pulmonary arteries *pulmonary veins *atrioventricular valves *chordae tendineae *semi-lunar valves *septum e. describe the location and function of the following: Atrioventricular (AV) valves Semilunar valves Chordae tendineae

3 Section 2: blood flow through the heart a. use the notes below to develop a flow chart to explain how blood flows through the heart. *identify and label the arrow that represents the superior vena cava, label as deoxygenated blood from head and colour it blue. *identify and label the arrow that represent s the inferior vena cava, label as deoxygenated blood from body and colour it blue. *identify and label the right atrium and colour it blue to represent deoxyginated blood. *identify the arrow that shows blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle, colour it blue and label the right AV valve. *identify the right ventricle, label it and colour it blue. *identify the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries, colour them blue and label as deoxygenated blood to lungs. *identify and label the arrows that represent the pulmoanry veins, label as blood from the lungs and colour it red. *identify and label the left atrium and colour it red to represent oxyginated blood. *identify the arrow that shows blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, colour it red and label the left AV valve. *identify and label the left ventricle, label it and colour it red. *identify the aorta, label it and colour it red. *identify the ascending aorta, colour it red and label as blood to the head. *identify the descending aorta, colour it red and label as blood to the body.

4 Section 3: The cardiac cycle (see course online notes) a. define diastole b. define systole c. describe the events of the cardiac cycle by placing the terms and descriptions listed below in the correct order under each diagram. (terms may be used more than once) Terms: *atrial diastole *atrial systole *ventricular diastole *ventricular systole Blood flow descriptions: *atria fill with blood *blood is pumped from atria into ventricles *blood is pumped from ventricles into aorta and pulmonary trunk Valve descriptions: *AV valves and semilunar valves are closed *AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed *AV valves are closed and semilunar valves are open

5 Section 4: heart sounds (see course online notes) a. Listen to your heart beat using a stethoscope. Notice the familiar lub-dubb sound of the heart beat. b. Describe the source of the first heart sound called the lub. c. Describe the source of the second heart sound called the DUBB. d. Describe a heart murmur.

6 Section 5: pulse (see course online notes) a. Using your carotid pulse, measure your resting heart rate in beats per minute (bpm). Use a 30 sec count and multiply by 2 to get bpm. Record this number. b. Using your radial pulse, measure your resting heart rate in bpm. Use a 30 sec count and multiply by 2 to get bpm. Record this number. c. Describe how a pulse is an accurate measurement of heart rate. d. Define cardiac output. e. Normal pulse (heart rate) is approximately 70 bpm. Some of the effects of prolonged (long term) exercise are: The cardiac (heart) muscle actually grows in size and strength The athlete will have a higher red blood cell count The arteries will maintain their elasticity. Describe why an athlete would be expected to have a lower resting heart rate compared to a non- athlete.

7 Section 6: Sub-maximal Fitness Test 1. Data Table Data Table Activity Rate or time Points A1. Standing heart rate beats/min B2. Reclining heart rate beats/min C3. Peak heart rate beats/min C4. Heart rate increase after standing beats/min D5. Pre-exercise heart rate beats/min D7. Heart rate after 5 steps beats/min E8. Recovery time seconds F9. Endurance Total points: 2. Calculate the fitness points for each activity. Total all the fitness points recorded in the data table. Determine your personal fitness level using the scale below. Low Fitness Average Fitness Exceptional Fitness How did your heart rate change after moving from a standing position to a reclining position? Why does this occur? 4. Why would athletes need to exercise longer and harder before their heart rates were at the maximum value?

8 Section 7: blood pressure (see course online notes) a. Lay down for 2 minutes. While lying, use the blood pressure cuff to measure your blood pressure. b. Normal blood pressure is: 120 mm Hg (systolic blood pressure) 80 mm Hg (diastolic blood pressure) Stated as 120 over 80. Record your blood pressure below. c. Define blood pressure: d. Define systolic blood pressure: e. Define diastolic blood pressure: f. Define hypertension and hypotension. g. Describe 2 factors that cause: Hypertension include atherosclerosis hypotension

9 Sub-maximal Fitness Test Procedure: A. Standing heart rate 1. Stand upright for 2 minutes. Record your heart rate in the data table. B. Reclining heart rate 2. Recline on a clean surface or table for 2 minutes. Record the resulting heart rate in the data table. C. Heart rate change from reclining to standing 3. Stand up next to the lab table. Immediately record the peak heart rate in the data table. 4. Subtract the reclining rate value in Step B2 from the peak heart rate after standing (C3) to find the heart rate increase after standing. D. Step Test 5. Rest for 2 minutes - record the subject s heart rate (pre-exercise) in the data table. 6. Perform a step test using the following procedure: Place the right foot on the top step of the stool. Place the left foot completely on the top step of the stool next to the right foot. Place the right foot back on the floor. Place the left foot completely on the floor next to the right foot. This stepping cycle should take 3 seconds to complete. 7. When five steps have been completed, record the heart rate in the data table. Quickly move to Step E8. E. Recovery rate 8. With a stopwatch, begin timing to determine the subject s recovery time. During the recovery period, the subject should remain standing and relatively still. Monitor the heart rate readings and stop timing when the readings return to the pre-exercise heart rate value recorded in Step D5. Record the recovery time in the data table. F. Step test for endurance 9. Subtract the subject s pre-exercise heart rate (from Step D5) from his or her heart rate after 5 steps of exercise (step D7). Record this heart rate increase in the endurance row of the data table.

10 Sub-maximal Fitness Test Scoring: A. Use the standing heart rate to assign fitness points based on Table 1 and record the value under points in the data table. Table 1: Standing Heart Rate Beats/min Points Beats/min Points B. Use the reclining heart rate to assign fitness points based on Table 2 and record the value under points in the data table. Table 2: Reclining Heart Rate Beats/min Points Beats/min Points C. Locate the row corresponding to the reclining heart rate in Table 3. Use the calculated heart rate increase after standing to locate the proper column for fitness points in Table 3. Table 3: HR Increase vs. Reclining HR Reclining HR Heart rate increase after standing BPM D. Locate the subject s recovery time in Table 4 and record the corresponding fitness point value in the data table. If the subject s heart rate did not return to within 10 beats/min from their preexercise heart rate, record a value of 6 points. Table 4: Recovery Time Time (sec) Points E. Locate the row corresponding to the pre-exercise heart rate in Table 5 and use the heart rate increase value to determine the proper fitness points. Record the points in the endurance row of the points column. Table 5: Pre-exercise Heart rate increase after exercise Exercise HR in HR BPM crease vs. preexercise HR