Dr. Kun Yang University of Essex, Colchester, UK

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1 Lecture #4 Network Virtualization together with IT Resource Virtualization How We Approach It? Dr. Kun Yang University of Essex, Colchester, UK Tuesday 26th October NII, Tokyo 1 Agenda Network Virtualization PlanetLab Some EU Projects on Network Virtualization UEssex Q&A 2 1

2 Virtualization Virtualization exists practically in every aspect of computing, for instance, an operating system is a virtualization of bare computer hardware a data centre is a virtualization of a group of physical resources such as storage, CPU and the software toolkits operating on top of these resources. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid. [wikipedia.org] Cloud computing also represents a brand-new business model where virtual providers come into existence. 3 Cloud computing a new paradigm 4 2

3 Hypervisor Virtual Machine 1 Virtual Machine 2 Hypervisor (Virtual Machine Monitor) Hypervisor Management API Virtual Hardware API Create Guest Destroy Guest Stop/Start/Pause Guest Add/Remove Devices Virtual Memory 1 Virtual Disk 1 Virtual NIC 1 Virtual CPU 1 Memory Disk Network CPU Physical Hardware 5 Web browser or appspecific front-end XaaS for Cloud Apps App 1 App 2 SaaS App. Dev. & Exe Platform (e.g., Oracle WebLogic) 3 rd party apps skype player App. Program I/F (API) Application Middleware OS, database, servers XCP Virtualization & Mngt. PaaS Hardware Resource Mngt. IaaS Develop Env. simple CPU, memory, NAS, Networks Market Scale: small (Domain apps) Complex big 6 (datacentre) 3

4 Network Virtualization Network Virtualization is the logical next step after cloud computing (which includes storage/server virtualization). Network virtualization provides an abstraction layer that decouples physical network devices from business services delivered over the network to create a more agile and efficient infrastructure. It allows multiple applications to run side-by-side over the same physical network. Each virtual network has its own business or service oriented policies while providing the security, availability and performance required for each service. Virtual networks optimize the manageability and control of physical networks that are shared between multiple applications. Thus resulting in a quickly deployable, more reliable service. Enable Agile Business: Accelerate the roll-out of new services and advanced capabilities through automated multi-vendor provisioning. 7 Slicing 8 4

5 Types of Network Virtualization Internal network virtualization: network in a box on a single system. External network virtualization: virtualization real network devices such as switches, routers, etc. Hybrid network virtualization: e.g., VMware hypervisor + VMware Infrastructure software The latter is to connect and combine networks in multiple boxes into an external virtualization scenario. Node virtualization vs. link virtualization 9 Node Virtualization Virtual node is the virtual version representing the partition of a single physical node or the aggregation of multiple physical nodes (e.g. L3 router, L2 switch or L1/L0 optical cross connects - OXC). partitioning aggregating 10 5

6 Link Virtualization Virtual link is a connection (e.g. a cable between a pair of routers, optical light path, wavelength, subwavelength) between one port of a virtual network element to a port of another virtual network element. 40G 40G partitioning 10G 30G 20G 20G 40G 40G Wavelength with fixed bandwidth aggregating Virtual link with variable bandwidth 80G 11 Network Virtualization Initiatives USA: GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovations) EU: FIRE (Future Internet Research & Experimentation) EU: FEDERICA (Federated E-infrastructure Dedicated to European Researchers Innovating in Computing network Architectures) Japan: AKARI GENI is to enhance experimental research in networking and distributed systems, and to accelerate the transition of this research into products and services that will improve the economic competitiveness of the United States. [wikipedia] 12 6

7 Agenda Network Virtualization PlanetLab Some EU Projects on Network Virtualization UEssex Q&A Some materials courtesy to PlanetLab website: 13 Overview Experimentally-driven research is key to success in exploring the possible futures of the Internet. PlanetLab is a global research network that supports the development of new network services such as distributed storage, network mapping, peer-to-peer systems, distributed hash tables, and query processing. 14 7

8 Sites Started at 2003, it currently consists of 1133 nodes at 515 sites. 15 A Global View of PlanetLab Per-node View 16 8

9 Long-running Services Content Distribution Storage & Large File Transfer Information Plane DHT (Distributed Hash Table) Routing / Mobile Access DNS Multicast Anycast / Location Service Internet Measurement Pub-Sub Management Services Courtesy to L. Peterson s PlanetLab Slides 17 Design Goals (1) It must provide a global platform that supports both shortterm experiments and long-running services. services must be isolated from each other multiple services must run concurrently must support real client workloads It must be available now, even though no one knows for sure what it is. deploy what we have today, and evolve over time make the system as familiar as possible (e.g., Linux) accommodate third-party management services Courtesy to L. Peterson s PlanetLab Slides 18 9

10 Design Goals (2) We must convince sites to host nodes running code written by unknown researchers from other organizations. protect the Internet from PlanetLab traffic must get the trust relationships right Sustaining growth depends on support for site autonomy and decentralized control. sites have final say over the nodes they host must minimize (eliminate) centralized control It must scale to support many users with minimal resources available. expect under-provisioned state to be the norm shortage of logical resources too (e.g., IP addresses) 19 PlanetLab in Europe (PLE) Is also called OneLab as funded by EU FP7. OneLab is an open networking laboratory integrating, testing, validating and demonstrating new fixed and wireless networking technologies in real world settings and production environments. Knits together the best of today's networking testbeds PanLab: Pan European Laboratory Infrastructure Implementation NetLab (Use Cases for Interconnected Testbeds and Living Labs): A user centric design paradigm will be followed to capture the stakeholders' (users, operators, industry, SMEs) feedback

11 PlanetLab in Japan (PLJ) A third one to be federated with PLC and PLE. Still under construction, led by Professor Aki Nakao at the University of Tokyo 21 Testbed Federation Federation refers to a connection between testbeds which allows the mutual sharing of their resources. Develop and promote your testbed Delegate user administration Offer new facilities to your users Join a community of testbed developers 22 11

12 PlanetLab Software OneLab's flagship testbed PlanetLab Europe s federation is currently either PlanetLab-based or OMF-based. MyPLC is the software package necessary to install and run a PlanetLab system. It was created by the PlanetLab team at Princeton University, as part of the global PlanetLab project. OneLab in Europe is also involved in the further development of MyPLC. 23 OMF (control and Managment Framework) It is extremely challenging to reproduce experiments in the networking field -> use OMF to conduct repeatable experiments. Testbed owners use OMF to make the resources in their testbed discoverable, to control access to them, to optimize their utilization through virtualization, and to federate with other testbeds. OMF support testbeds with many different types of resources, such as wired networks, wireless Wi-Fi or WiMAX networks, servers and mobile devices, as well as wireless sensor networks. OMF has been deployed and used by researchers on many testbeds in Australia, Europe, and the USA, with many of them in active use 24/

13 Agenda Network Virtualization PlanetLab Some EU Projects on Network Virtualization UEssex Q&A 25 OFELIA Project (EU FP7) OpenFlow in Europe: Linking Infrastructure and Applications 10 partners (inc. Stanford U), Oct 2010-Sept 2013 Aim: to create a unique experimental facility that allows researchers to not only experiment on a test network but to control the network itself precisely and dynamically. Strength of OFELIA is its concept of federated or interconnected islands. A set of five islands creates a diverse OpenFlow infrastructure that allows experimentation on multi-layer and multi-technology networks provided by the different islands. It will incorporate the feedback of the user community and extending its reach to other test facilities

14 OpenFlow Concept (1) OpenFlow is a communications protocol that gives access to the forwarding plane of a switch or router over the network. Essence: separation of routing decision making from forwarding Major Benefit: enabling more sophisticated traffic management than feasible today OpenFlow controller (e.g., NOX) Traffic Engineering Routing Routing Forwarding Traditional switch Forwarding (flow mapping) Openflow switch OpenFlow protocol 27 OpenFlow Concept (2) In simpler terms, OpenFlow allows the path of network packets through the network of switches to be determined by a software (usually called switch controller) running on a separate machine. OpenFlow is considered an enabler of Software Defined Networking. E.g., enables experimenters to change the behavior of the network as part of the experiment rather than, if at all, as part of the experiment setup. Originated from Stanford University, currently has been implemented by Cisco, Juniper, NEC routers/switches. The current version of the OpenFlow protocol is 1.0 which was released on December 31,

15 Flow Definition Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Packet Flow In Port In Lambda VCG Starting Time-Slot Signal Type L1/L0 Circuit Flows OpenFlow allows the definition of a flow to be: any combination of L2- L4 packet headers for packet flows L0-L1 circuit parameters for circuit flows 29 Virtualization in OpenFlow: FlowVisor Controller for VN1 Controller for VN2 Controller for VN3 FlowVisor λ1,λ2 λ3 λ4 VN 1 VN 2 VN 3 Physical Network Infrastructures 30 15

16 MANTYCHORE Project (EU FP7) IP Network as a Service, Oct Sept MANTYCHORE provides a software implementation and tools for providing and managing routers and IP networks as services. Router as a Service IP Network as a Service By means of these services: Infrastructure Provisioning: Physical/logical routers and IP networks Connectivity Provisioning: IP networks already configured Creation and configuration of IP networks MANTYCHORE will be deployed over the infrastructure of 3 NRENS: HEAnet, RedIRIS, NORDUnet MANTYCHORE will be used and evaluated by a user community formed by several research user groups. 31 MANTYCHORE Vision Users share the same physical infrastructure. Each Router Instance can be temporarily owned by a different User (Router Instances offered as IaaS). Physical Router Router Instance (may be a physical router) Physical Link Logical Link (may be a full physical link) User site Each User s IP Network is represented by a different color IP networks can be made of Router Instances from different NRENs With Prof. Dimitra Simeonidou (dsimeo@essex.ac.uk) Other user s IP Network or the Internet 32 16

17 GEYSERS Project (EU FP7) GEYSER (Generalised Architecture for Dynamic Infrastructure Services), starting on 1 st Jan for 3 years to support Network + Any-IT' resource provisioning; green issues With Prof. Dimitra Simeonidou (dsimeo@essex.ac.uk) 33 EVANS Project (EU FP7) End-to-end Virtual Resource Management across Heterogeneous Networks and Services (EVANS) under negotiation vertical resource management and control by network infrastructure providers Horizontal resource management and control by service providers Virtual network #2 SP 2 Virtual network #1 SP 1 Mobile operator Backbone provider (IP) Backbone provider (Optical/GMPLS) Mobile operator 34 17

18 Agenda Network Virtualization PlanetLab Some EU Projects on Network Virtualization UEssex Q&A 35 A Cloud App: Friends on Campus 36 18

19 Cloud Architecture 37 Inside a Xen-enabled Physical PC 38 19

20 Testbed under Construction: XCP+OpenFlow 39 Contact,Q&A Dr Kun Yang, Reader School of Computer Science & Elec. Eng. (CSEE), University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK

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