The Skeletal System. Structures Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Two divisions: Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

Transcription

1 The Skeletal System Structures Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Two divisions: Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

2 Functions of Bones Support Protection of soft organs Muscle attachment/movement Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation

3 In which division of the skeleton will you find the skull?

4 Bones of the Human Body The adult skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissue Compact bone Homogeneous Spongy bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces Figure 5.2b

5 Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

6 Classification of Bones Long bones Longer than wide Examples: Femur, humerus

7 Classification of Bones Short bones Generally cube-shape Examples: Carpals, tarsals

8 Classification of Bones Flat bones Thin and flattened Usually curved Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

9 Classification of Bones Irregular bones Irregular shape Example: Vertebrae and hip

10 How many bones are in the human body?

11 Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

12 Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Figure 5.3

13 Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Lacunae Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) Arranged in rings called lamellae Detail of Figure 5.3

14 Long Bone Formation and Growth Figure 5.4a

15 Long Bone Formation and Growth Figure 5.4b

16 Bone Fractures A break in a bone Types of bone fractures Closed (simple) doesn t penetrate the skin Open (compound) broken bone penetrates skin

17 Common Types of Fractures Table 5.2

18 Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5

19 What type of fracture does not penetrate the skin?

20 The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal part of the body Divided into three parts Skull Vertebral column Ribs

21 The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6

22 The Skull Figure 5.7

23 Bones of the Skull Figure 5.11

24 The Vertebral Column Vertebrae separated by discs normal curvature Named according to location Figure 5.14

25 Structure of a Typical Vertebrae Figure 5.16

26 The Bony Thorax Ribs form a cage to protect major organs Figure 5.19a

27 Are there flat bones in the Axial skeleton?

28 What is the correct order of structures that compose a bone from outermost to innermost?

29 Periosteum Compact Bone Spongy Bone Bone marrow

30 The Appendicular Skeleton Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle

31 The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Composed of two bones Clavicle collarbone Scapula shoulder blade

32 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.20a b

33 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.20c d

34 Bones of the Upper Limb The arm is formed by a single bone Humerus Figure 5.21a b

35 Bones of the Upper Limb The forearm has two bones Ulna Radius Figure 5.21c

36 Bones of the Upper Limb The hand Carpals wrist Metacarpals palm Phalanges fingers Figure 5.22

37 What part of the body does carpal tunnel syndrome affect?

38 Bones of the Pelvic Girdle Hip bones Protect several organs: Reproductive Bladder Large intestine

39 The Pelvis Figure 5.23a

40 Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.23c

41 Bones of the Lower Limbs The thigh has one bone Femur Figure 5.24a b

42 Bones of the Lower Limbs The leg has two bones Tibia Fibula Figure 5.24c

43 Bones of the Lower Limbs The foot Tarsus ankle Metatarsals sole Phalanges toes Figure 5.25

44 JOINTS Where 2 bones meet Held together by ligaments Fluid protects ends of bones

45 How many phalanges are found in the human skeleton?

46 Classification of Joints Fixed joints ex. Skull Semimovable ex. Vertebral column, rib cage Moveable Hinge - ex. Elbow Ball-and-socket - ex. Shoulder Pivot - ex. Top 2 vertebrae Saddle - ex. Thumbs Gliding - ex. foot

47 Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5.29a c

48 What type of joint is your wrist?

49 Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5.29d f

50 Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints Bursitis Caused by a blow or friction Tendonitis Inflammation of tendon sheaths Arthritis Inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints The most widespread crippling disease in the United States