Fireproofing Critical Electrical & Instrumentation. Kris Thorsteinsson

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1 Fireproofing Critical Electrical & Instrumentation Kris Thorsteinsson

2 E & I Thermal Damage Criteria Radiant Heat Flux &/or Temperature Damage or failure threshold criteria can be specified as either: temperature of a hot gas layer or fire plume, or radiant heat flux from the luminous flame and/or smoky zones of a fire The following four (4) slides show: Structural Steel Thermal Damage Criteria (one table) E & I Cables Thermal Damage Criteria (three tables) Conclusion cables are more vulnerable than steel to temperature and radiant heat flux: Cables are damageable at < 12.5 kw/m 2 vs. steel > 37.5 kw/m 2, Cables are damageable at approx. 250 C / 480 F vs. 538 C/1000 F The next two (2) slides show results of pool fire modeling of a hexane spill: 6 m diameter spill with 2 m/s wind; 17.2 m diameter API 521 fire with little wind Conclusion fire hazard zones for cables extend further horizontally and vertically than for structural steel 2 Fireproofing Critical E & I

3 Steel Thermal Damage Criteria Radiant Heat Flux &/or Temperature Structural Steel Thermal Damage Threshold Criteria Equipment Type process equipment and steel beams uninsulated steel columns & beams steel structures & equipment Radiant Heat Criteria*** Exposed Temperature Criteria*** references 37.5 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) (60 min. exposure) Alderman kw/m 2 ( Btu/ft 2 -s)* 593 C (1100 F)* Barry kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) Technica 1988 process equipment 37.5 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) BS 5908 process equipment & vessels 44 kw/m 2 (3.9 Btu/ft 2 -s) IP 1993 steel members theoretical maximum 50 kw/m2 (4.4 Btu/ft 2 -s)** 540 C (1000 F)** EPC 2007 steel members design 25 kw/m 2 (2.2 Btu/ft 2 -s)** w/ safety factor 410 C (770 F)** EPC 2007 storage tanks 37.8 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) Robertson 1976 / Wells 1980 pipe / riser / process vessel rupture 37.5 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) (60 min. exposure) DNV 2009 steel beam yield 37.5 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) (60 min. exposure) DNV 2009 steel beam collapse 37.5 kw/m 2 (3.3 Btu/ft 2 -s) (120 min. exposure) DNV 2009 Notes *10-15 minute exposure time ** Indefinite exposure time *** Consider time to damage 3 Fireproofing Critical E & I

4 E & I Cables Thermal Damage Criteria Radiant Heat Flux &/or Temperature Equipment Type E & I Thermal Damage Threshold Criteria Radiant Heat Criteria*** Exposed Temperature Criteria*** references thermoplastic cables* 6 kw/m 2 (0.5 Btu/ft 2 -s) 205 C (400 F) EPRI 2010 thermoset cables* 11 kw/m 2 (1.0 Btu/ft 2 -s) 330 C (625 F) EPRI 2010 electronics 3 kw/m 2 (0.25 Btu/ft 2 -s) 65 C (150 F) EPRI 2010 Flamtrol XLPE, 12 AWG, I/C, 600 V** C ( F) EPRI 2010 plastic-insulated and clad E&I cables 12 kw/m 2 (1.1 Btu/ft 2 -s) C ( F) Mecklenburgh 1985 plastic tubing melting, 12.5 kw/m 2 (1.1 Btu/ft 2 Technica 1988 / CCPS -s) wood ignition 2000 severe damage to 12.6 kw/m 2 (1.1 Btu/ft 2 Robertson 1976 / Wells -s) property & cables 1980 electrical failure nonqualified cable 8 kw/m 2 (0.7 Btu/ft 2 -s) 130 C (265 F) Sandia 1983 electrical failure IEEE 383 qualified cable 18 kw/m 2 (1.6 Btu/ft 2 -s) 250 C (480 F) Sandia 1983 plastic cable insulation kw/m 2 degrades ( Btu/ft 2 -s) (10 min. exposure) Barry 2003 PE and PVC-insulated cable failure threshold (2-20 min. exposure) 250 C (480 F) NUREG 1805 Notes *No credit for conduit for delaying onset of damage * No credit for fire retardant coating or rating for delaying onset of damage ** Plant-specific or product -specific data may be used if appropriate basis is provided *** Consider time to damage - EPRI 2010 values use 19 minutes, Sandia 60 min. 4 Fireproofing Critical E & I

5 Thermoset Cables (e.g. XLPE, XLPO, flame retardant) Thermal Damage Criteria NUREG Fire Dynamics Tools 5 Fireproofing Critical E & I

6 Thermoplastic Cables (e.g. PE, PVC, non-flame retardant) Thermal Damage Criteria NUREG Fire Dynamics Tools 6 Fireproofing Critical E & I

7 Pool Fire Radiant Heat Levels Fire 6.0 m Dia. Radiant Heat Levels from 6 m Diameter Pool Fire - 2m/s Wind Speed 20 Convection Thermal Effects Above Fire not Modeled 15 Height above Pool Fire Base (m) 10 Steel Vulnerability - Hexane Fire Electrical Cable Vulnerability - Hexane Fire kw/m2 Hexane kw/m2 Hexane 5 6 m dia pool fire Draft Radiant Heat Modeling K. Thorsteinsson Distance from Pool Fire Centre (m) 7 Fireproofing Critical E & I

8 Pool Fire Radiant Heat Levels API 521 Size Fire 17.2 m Dia. Radiant Heat Levels from API 521 Pool Fire 17.2 m Equiv. Dia m/s Wind Speed Convection Thermal Effects Above Fire not Modeled Electrical Cable Vulnerability - Hexane Fire Height above Pool Fire Base (m) Steel Vulnerability - Hexane Fire kw/m2 Hexane kw/m2 Hexane m dia pool fire Draft Radiant Heat Modeling K. Thorsteinsson Distance from Pool Fire Centre (m) 8 Fireproofing Critical E & I

9 Common Radiant Heat Flux Damage Criteria Vegetation 10 kw/m 2 Protected / Unprotected Atmos. Tankage - 32 / 8 kw/m 2 Process Equipment kw/m 2 Process Buildings LPG Storage 25 kw/m 2 22 kw/m 2 Prolonged Operator Response 4.7 kw/m 2 Operator Response < 60 sec 6.3 kw/m 2 Control & Inst 12.5 kw/m 2 Property Lines & Roadways 5 kw/m 2 Combustible Structures 10 kw/m 2 Electrical Equipment / Cables 12.5 kw/m 2 9 Fireproofing Critical E & I

10 References EPRI Methods for Applying Fire Risk Analysis to Fire Scenarios (MARIAFIRES)-2008 NUREG/CP-0194, EPRI 2010 Mecklenburgh Process Plant Layout - JC Mecklenburgh, IChemE / Wiley, 1985 Technica Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards - A Manual - Technica / World Bank, 1988 Wells Safety in Process Plant Design, GL Wells, IChemE / Wiley, 1980 Robertson Spacing in Chemical Plant Design Against Loss by Fire, R Robertson, IChemE Symp Series 47, 1976 CCPS Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2nd Ed., AIChE CCPS, 2000 NUREG Investigation of Twenty-Foot Separation Distance as a Fire Protection Method as Specified in 10CFR50, App R, NUREG/CR-3192, Sandia, 1983 NUREG Fire Dynamics Tools - Quantitative Fire hazard Analysis Methods for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fire Protection Inspection Program (NUREG 1805), 2004 Alderman Risk Assessment in the Oil and Gas Energy Industry, JA Alderman, Fire Protection Engineering, 2007 Barry Fire Exposure Profile Modeling; Some Threshold Damage Limit (TDL) Data, TF Barry, Fire Risk Forum, 2003 BS Fire and Explosion Precautions at Premises Handling Flammable Gases, Liquids and Dusts, BS , BSI, 1990 IP Fire Precautions at Petroleum Refineries and Bulk Storage Installations, Institute of Petroleum IP Part 19, 1993 EPC Engineering Instructions for Passive Fire Protection, EPC Firm Process Safety Group, 2007 DNV Case Study of Rapid Blowdown on Offshore Platform, DNV / BP, Fireproofing Critical E & I

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