Optimizing Value Flows with SAP* ERP

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Sophia Todd
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1 Andrea Holzlwimmer Optimizing Value Flows with SAP* ERP Galileo Press Bonn Boston

2 Contents Acknowledgments 13 Foreword 15 ^^B^^^E^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H * JftEf 1.1 Content and Structure Lederwaren-Manufaktur Mannheim Explanation of the Term "Integrated Value Flow" Value Flow Integration Models for Representing Enterprise Processes Porter's Value Chain Model SCOR Model Extending the SCOR Model Interaction Between Process Design and Controlling Approach Summary Structure of SAP Systems Entity Model Organizational Elements in the SAP System Organizational Elements and Enhancements of the Standard SAP System Excursus: The SAP General Ledger and Changes to the Organizational Structure International Requirements Parallel Accounting using the Classic General Ledger Options of the SAP General Ledger for the Parallel Rendering of Accounts 56

3 Extending the SCOR Model 36 2.4 Interaction Between Process Design and Controlling Approach 37 2.5 Summary 39 3.1 Structure of SAP Systems 42 3.2 Entity Model 43 3.2.1 Organizational Elements in the SAP System 44 3.

3 4.7.3 Automatically Releasing Blocked Invoices Invoice Receipt Without MM Integration. 3.4 Value Flow-Oriented Master Data Concept General Ledger Account and Cost Element Chart of Accounts Material Master Requirements Class 3.5 CO-PA as a Central Reporting Tool Forms of CO-PA Structure of Costing-Based CO-PA 3.6 Summary 4.1 Procurement Process in the SCOR Model 4.2 Vendor Master as an Integrative Element 4.3 Purchase Order as the Basis of the Procurement Process Purchase Requisition Purchase Order 4.4 Updating Commitments 4.5 Integration of MM and Financial Accounting/Controlling Basic Settings Valuation Class Settings Determining Transactions Rebuild Process for Account Determination 4.6 Goods Receipt 4.7 Invoice Verification Invoice Verification Process Considering Tolerances 4.8 GR/IR Account Posting to the GR/IR Account Clearing the GR/IR Account 4.9 Integration of Accounts Payable Accounting Outgoing Payments 4.10 Mapping the Tax on Sales/Purchases 4.11 Summary

2 Vendor Master as an Integrative Element 4.3 Purchase Order as the Basis of the Procurement Process 4.3.1 Purchase Requisition 4.3.2 Purchase Order 4.4 Updating Commitments 4.

4 5.1 Sales and Distribution Process in the SCOR Model Sales Order as the Basis of Further Account Assignment Profit Center Derivation Deriving a Segment Price Determination as the Basis of Value Determination Conditions and Costing Sheet Price-Determining Elements Costing-Based Elements Special Business Transactions Goods Issue Presentation of Receivables Customer Account Determining the Reconciliation Account Integration of SD and Accounts Receivable Mapping of Secondary Businesses Dunning Incoming Payment Mapping Sales Revenues Time of the Revenue Recognition Presentation of Sales Revenues Transfer to Overhead Cost Controlling Troubleshooting for Revenue Account Determination Summary Production Process in the SCOR Model Basic Product Cost Controlling Data Logistical Master Data Prerequisites in Controlling Basic Product Cost Controlling Settings Product Cost Planning Types of Product Cost Planning 241

4 Goods Issue 178 5.5 Presentation of Receivables 182 5.5.1 Customer Account 183 5.5.2 Determining the Reconciliation Account 186 5.5.3 Integration of SD and Accounts Receivable 193 5.5.4 Mapping of Secondary Businesses 194 5.

5 6.3.2 Material Cost Estimate with Quantity Structure Simulation and Base Planning Object Cost Object Controlling Cost Object Controlling... Functions in SAP ERP Period-End Closing Period-Related Product Controlling Order-Related Product Controlling Product Cost by Sales Order Summary 297 fy Iy 7.1 Innovations in SAP General Ledger Activating Different Scenarios Effect of Real-Time Integration of Controlling with Financial Accounting HR Data Transfer Inventory Activities in Asset Accounting Settlement of Assets Under Construction Depreciation Posting Run Periodic APC Values Posting Asset Accounting Inventory Technical Processing Creating the Asset History Sheet Period Control Period Closing for the Material Master Opening and Closing Posting Periods Foreign Currency Valuation Reclassification of Receivables and Payables Value Adjustment to Receivables Balance Carryforward Manual Postings Assessments and Distributions Reconciliation Accounting Reconciliation Intercompany Reconciliation 342

1.2 Effect of Real-Time Integration of Controlling with Financial Accounting 302 7.2 HR Data Transfer 312 7.3 Inventory 315 7.4 Activities in Asset Accounting 317 7.4.1 Settlement of Assets Under Construction 317 7.

6 Reconciliation Between Financial Accounting and Inventory Management Reconciliation Between Financial Accounting and Controlling Reporting Reporting in General Ledger Accounting Reporting in Open Item Accounting Reporting in Controlling Summary 351 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^g 8.1 Basic Principles of Business Intelligence Business Explorer Suite Reporting with SAP NetWeaver BW Business Content Data Acquisition Examples Financial Reporting Profitability Analysis Summary and Outlook Project Charter Preliminary Considerations Actual Project Scope Project Plan Project Plan Test Phases Redesigning Value Flows Concept for Segment Derivation Value Flows in the Procurement Process Value Flows in the Sales Process Value Flows in Financial Accounting and Controlling Project Review Summary 397

1 Basic Principles of Business Intelligence 353 8.1.1 Business Explorer Suite Reporting with SAP NetWeaver BW 361 8.1.2 Business Content 364 8.2 Data Acquisition Examples 369 8.2.1 Financial Reporting 369 8.

7 Customizing A Sample Closing Procedure Document 401 B Transactions and Menu Paths 407 B.1 Controlling 407 B.1.1 Application 407 B.1.2 Customizing 410 B.2 Financial Accounting 413 B.2.1 Application 413 B.2.2 Customizing 416 B.3 Materials Management 419 B.3.1 Application 419 B.3.2 Customizing 419 B.4 Production 421 B.4.1 Application 421 B.4.2 Customizing 422 B.5 Sales and Distribution 422 B.5.1 Application 422 B.5.2 Customizing 423 B.6 SAP NetWeaver BW - in SAP ERP 424 B.7 Miscellaneous 424 C The Authors 425 Index 429

3.2 Customizing 419 B.4 Production 421 B.4.1 Application 421 B.4.2 Customizing 422 B.5 Sales and Distribution 422 B.5.1 Application 422 B.

Overview p. 19 Reports and Transaction Codes p. 20 Real-Time Processing and the Document Principle p. 21 SAP R/3 Replaces SAP R/2 p.

Overview p. 19 Reports and Transaction Codes p. 20 Real-Time Processing and the Document Principle p. 21 SAP R/3 Replaces SAP R/2 p. 22 Integration p. 26 SAP ERP Replaces SAP R/3 p. 26 New Features in