CIS-313 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS WORKSHEET FOR UNDERSTANDING THE OSI AND THE TCP/IP MODELS

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1 CIS-313 Assignment 1A Patrick Eronini CIS-313 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS WORKSHEET FOR UNDERSTANDING THE OSI AND THE TCP/IP MODELS This course will introduce technologies, standards and products. Each of these course elements can be mapped to the OSI model. Please complete the worksheet below. TASK 1: THE OSI MODEL Use the space below to explain the purpose and use of the OSI model: OSI MODEL The OSI model is a framework for how network systems are supposed to communicate. The model provides a canvas upon which to build a set of protocols. It breaks down the different pieces of network communication moving information - and places them into seven layers. The model also describes outlines the relationship of each layer with layers directly above and below it. TASK 2: STANDARDS, PROTOCOLS AND MODELS Use the space below to explain each of the terms below and give at least two examples of each: PROTOCOLS Protocols are sets of rules and procedures used for communication - they often reside within standards. HTTP is a protocol that directs the interaction between a web server and web client. HTTP dictates the parameters of the requests and responses shared between the web server and web client. TCP is a protocol that divides the HTTP messages sent between web servers and web clients into segments. TCP also regulates the size and rate at which messages are sent and received. STANDARDS Standards are a set of rules sanctioned by an entity, authority or governing body. Three organizations that set standards and tell us how things should operate are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). MODELS Models illustrate the function of protocols, organize protocols and provide a common language to describe networking operations and capabilities; they make complex processes easier to understand. Models show the

2 relationships of the various aspects, correlations and components of a network. They organize processes and technologies into groups that associate with each other. The most widely-used networking models are the OSI model and the TCP/IP model. TASK 3: DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS EFFECT ON BUSINESSES Please describe how data communication networks impact the following: (one paragraph per area) BUSINESS PRODUCTIVITY: Data communication networks impact business productivity in the form of remote access and access to multiple resources. Individuals may access their applications remotely as if they are one site. Additionally, individuals in different locations may communicate directly with each other. Data networks support the way we work, learn and conduct business. COMMUNICATIONS: Communications are impacted by the various types of information services presently available such as , instant messaging, video and telephony. Complex data communication networks allow handheld devices to receive s, send texts and video conference around the globe. The delivery of information across a data network is ensured by networking media and standards that govern its operation. INFORMATION SECURITY: The internet has evolved into an easily accessible route for exchange of business and direct communication. Information security is impacted because of this evolution and there is a need to embed security into the network design if communications are not to be intercepted, stolen or damaged. TASK 4: THE OSI MODEL: MAPPING Use Table 1 and insert a description of the function for each layer of the OSI Model. From Tables 2-4, place the Protocols, Data Units and Devices into the appropriate category. Some may traverse more than one layer. Table 1 Layer Functionality Description Application Layer (7) Function: The point at which users and application processes access network services Protocols: Telnet, HTTP, DHCP, HTTP, FTP, TELNET Data Units: message, files Devices: gateways

3 Presentation Layer (6) Function: The presentation layer is responsible for how data is formatted when it is sent out. It allows an application to read the message Protocols: AES encryption, ASCII, MIME Data Units: encryption, ASCII code, encoding/decoding Devices: firewalls, gateways Session Layer (5) Function: The session layer dictates how to establish, control/maintain and termination sessions (conversations) Protocols: ISO 8327 Data Units: segments Devices: gateways Transport Layer (4) Function: The transport layer regulates the flow of information to reliable ensure end-toend communication between host applications or end devices Protocols: TCP, UDP Data Units: segments Devices: gateways, multiplexers Network Layer (3) Function: The network layer control end-to-end delivery of packets, deciding what path the data takes. Protocols: NAT, IP, ARP, ICMP, IPSEC, OSPF Data Units: packets, datagrams, frames Devices: routers, gateways Data Link Layer (2) Function: The data link layer provides access to networking media and physical transmission across media, which allows the data to locate its intended destination. Protocols: N, STP, Ethernet, L2TP, CSMA/CD, DSL, IPSEC Data Units: bytes, frames Devices: bridges, switches, access points, gateways, modems Physical Layer (1) Function: The physical layer is concerned with the physical characteristics of transmission

4 medium Protocols: CSMA/CD Data Units: bits, frames, sockets Devices: hubs, workstations, gateways, servers, cabling Place the protocols, devices and data units on the following page in the table at the appropriate OSI layer: Note: some items may be placed in multiple layers. You may use the references provided on the last two pages as a guide. Table 2 - Protocols NAT DHCP IP TCP HTTP FTP ARP N RIP EIA-528A ICMP ISO 8327 STP UDP AES- Encryption ASCII TELNET Ethernet L2TP MIME CSMA/CD DSL IPSEC OSPF Table 3 Data Unites/Structures bits packets segments datagrams bytes message encoding/decoding frames files encryption sockets ASCII Code Table 4 -Devices routers bridges switches hubs firewalls workstations access points gateways servers cabling multiplexers modems

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