BIG GOVERNMENT. Launching the New Deal Ch The Main Idea

Transcription

1 Launching the New Deal Ch 22-1 The Main Idea In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country s needs, with mixed results. Content Statement 15/Learning Goal Explain how the efforts to combat the Great Depression led to an expanded role for the federal government. BIG GOVERNMENT

2 Chapter 22-1 vocab Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR): served as assistant secretary of the Navy under Woodrow Wilson. Had unsuccessful run at VP in Stricken with polio and could not fully use his legs. Governor of NY and had ground breaking relief program. Elected as 32 nd president of U.S. and is elected to president four times. Sees the country through Great Depression and WWII. Public Works: government funded building projects that would provide jobs. Fireside Chat: conversational radio addresses given by FDR. Meant to make people feel as if FDR was in their living room. Made people feel better and won over the American public. Eleanor Roosevelt: Wife of FDR. Social reformer, writer and diplomat; she supported equal rights for women and African Americans. Served as first U.S. ambassador to UN. Redefines role of the First Lady.

3 Chapter 22-1 vocabulary Hundred Days: 1 st 100 days of FDR s presidency Pushed to have Congress put most of the New Deal into place. New Deal: plan by FDR intended to bring economic relief, recover, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression began. Subsidy: recovery for farmers. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). Gave farmers government money to grow fewer crops. Meant to increase the demand and price. Trying to help industry and farming recover

4 Election of 1932

5 1.+2. Election of 1932/Roosevelt s rise campaign 1.Americans blamed President Hoover for the country s economic woes. 1.Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the Democratic Party s nomination. He was related to Theodore Roosevelt. Ran unsuccessfully for VP in 1920 then contracted polio. He survived polio. He was governor of New York. 2.Roosevelt promised relief for the poor and more public works programs to provide jobs. He attacked Hoover and the Republicans for their response to the Great Depression. Roosevelt, For at least two years after the Crash the only efforts made by the national administration to cope with the distress of unemployment were to deny its existence 2.Roosevelt won a landslide victory winning more than 57 percent of the popular vote. Dems win 90 seats in House and 13 in Senate. Control both Houses of Congress.

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8 3. A Political Partnership Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a winning personality and believed that it was the government s job to take direct action to help its people. His illness from polio did not allow him to walk without aid, but his struggle with his health gave him psychological strength that aided him in politics. Eleanor Roosevelt was a powerful political force in her own right, and she helped to change to role of the First Lady. Franklin and Eleanor s marriage played a central role in Franklin Roosevelt s political success.

9 3+4.A Political Partnership 3+4. Franklin Roosevelt Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats) I never saw him, but I knew him, recalled a Great Depression survivor. P. 700 A reform-minded Democrat Believed the government could solve economic and social problems 5.Eleanor Roosevelt Eyes and ears of her husband. Redefines role of First Lady. Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans) Wrote her own newspaper column Had the trust and affection of many Americans

10 Franklin Roosevelt as President 6.Banking Crisis Temporarily closed all the nation s banks to stop panic and large-scale withdrawals Passed the Emergency Banking Act: Gave government authority to check financial stability of banks before they re-opened. Glass-Steagall Act created the FDIC money insured by government 7.Hundred Days (Next Slide) Critical period of government activity Roosevelt pushed Congress to put most of his New Deal into practice. Public Works Administration (PWA) alphabet soup agencies The New Deal promised relief, recovery and reforms. 8.Beyond the Hundred Days FDR and Congress passed important legislation after the Hundred Days Created the Civil Works Administration (CWA) replaces PWA when not creating jobs quickly enough Passed the Indian Reorganization Act

11 LSU Stadium-built in 1936 WPA

12 San Jose Amphitheater-PWA

13 7.The New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Relief Helped unemployed young men 18 to 25 years old. Made $30/month Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) Recovery Helped farmers by paying them not to grow crops. Subsidy Deemed unconstitutional National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Recovery Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry cooperate with each other to set prices and output Started Public Works Administration (PWA). $3.3 Billion for public works Labor received federal protection for the right to organize. Businesses MUST work together to set prices and levels of production. Deemed unconstitutional Federal Securities Act Reform Helped investors, restored confidence in the markets Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Reform government regulations on buying/selling/trading of stocks. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Recovery/Reform/Relief? Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee River and its tributaries

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16 NRA: Page similar to PWA. Part of NIRA Blue Eagle Ruled unconstitutional in 1935 Limit hours per week for workers to 40 hours Force businesses to pay workers as if they were still working 48 hours a week (was typical work week) Fix prices. Make companies raise prices to cause inflation. Government could then justify spending more money to put people to work.

17 9.Trouble for the New Deal Radical Reactions to the New Deal Believed the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the economy Wanted a complete overhaul of capitalism Huey P. Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend Conservative Reactions to the New Deal Attacked the New Deal as a radical break with traditional American ideals. Capitalism vs. Socialism Thought the New Deal would drive the country to destruction. American Liberty League

18 10. Leading Critics of the New Deal Huey P. Long (senator from Louisiana) Believed Roosevelt s policies were too friendly to banks and businessmen (started the Share Our Wealth Society). Assassinated at height of popularity. Father Charles Coughlin (the radio priest ) Believed Roosevelt was not doing enough to curb the power of bankers and financial leaders. Wanted everybody in America to have a minimum income. Popularity declines after Anti-Semitic remarks. Dr. Francis Townsend Criticized the New Deal for not doing enough for older Americans (wanted pensions for people over 60) The American Liberty League Believed that the New Deal went too far and was anti-business Opposition from the courts Critics of the New Deal feared that it gave the president too much power over other branches of government. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States. Destroyed parts of NIRA 1935 United States v. Butler. Found parts of AAA unconstitutional. 1936

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