Yellow Perch Aquaculture. Laura Tiu, Ph.D. Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development OSU South Centers Piketon, OH

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1 Yellow Perch Aquaculture Laura Tiu, Ph.D. Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development OSU South Centers Piketon, OH

2 Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens Have a wide range Great Lakes Important sport and food fish Decline in commercial fishery Opportunity for fish farmers $3.00/lb live/wholesale $15.00/lb fillets

3 Yellow Perch Ponds, cages, RAS, Aquaponics Fingerlings, pond stockers, food Takes 18 months to 8 market Optimum temp degrees F Stocking density is most productive at 3000 lbs./acre High demand Gaps in production Spawn 1X/year Sexual dimorphism Fingerling availability Nutrition/first feeding Genetic selection (30-40% larger)

4 Perch 101 Spawn once a year: Late March in So. Ohio Eggs produced in ribbon structure requires unique procedures for incubation and hatching Fry (juveniles) need small live organisms for first few weeks feeding 6 week culture period in fertilized open ponds. Juveniles trained to accept formulated diets Feed training or Feed Trained Fingerlings Open ponds 2 seasons (18 months) to food fish market size of > 8 from fry size RAS approximately 12 months to market size Cages 2 to 3 seasons to market size

5 Spawning Yellow Perch Perch spawn 1X/year in the spring Research has achieved yearround spawning with varying success Males are generally smaller than females and slower growing Sexual dimorphism All female production is being investigated

6 Unique Egg Ribbon Structure Requires substrate in ponds to attach to, or some structure in tanks to hold

7 Open Pond Spawning Perch broodstock are stocked to ponds with substrate ( Christmas trees) added Broodstock can be removed later, or left in if feed trained Stocked 20 males, with 10 females Our results were average 10,000 fry per 0.25 acre pond

8 Improving Fingerling Availability Indoor Spawning with Hormone Injection Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Incubate eggs indoors, stock resulting fry to ponds 40,000 to 80,000 fry/acre Compared to: Pond Spawning with no injection Allow natural spawning in ponds Egg incubation and fry culture in same pond 40,000 fry/acre

9 Stocking Yellow Perch Fry Take fry to fertilized pond Fry do not like direct sunlight Cover bucket Closely match water temperature, ph Let fry acclimate, do not leave Watch oxygen Release

10 Rotifer Research and Culture Techniques Japanese researchers discovered that rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, could be used to culture both fresh and salt water species. Very important to fish whose mouth gape was too small to ingest artemia. Two Big Issues Producing the quantities needed reliably Ability to predict and schedule the needed production

11 Feed Training Training fish to switch from their natural diet to accepting a formulated diet. Understanding nutritional needs and behavior of the fish helps with feed training Age and size affect the ability and willingness to accept a prepared diet.

12 YP Genetic Improvement Program Important recreational and aquacultural species in the Midwest and elsewhere in the U.S.A. Propagated in hatcheries with little or no genetic control since the 1970 s. Urgent need to enhance growth rate through genetic improvement of broodstocks The overall goal - Create superior yellow perch broodstock with traits amenable to commercialscale aquaculture Selected strain grows 32-45% faster than local strains

13 Enterprise Budget by Robert Moore Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics Cage and Open Pond Culture Yellow Perch to Market Size 1,000 lbs, 5,000 lbs and 50,000 lbs. Based on preliminary culture data from OCAD and published Enterprise Budgets Annual and Seasonal Prices vary in perch Variable costs: Feed costs, labor costs, fuel costs all change from year to year Difficult to dial in, in fact, more like a snapshot in time.

14 Moore s Analysis (available online) 5,000 lbs. - Cages $2.81 per pound - $3.17 per pound 50,000 lbs. - $2.52 per pound - $2.63 per pound Cages come out slightly better, as ponds assumed to be in existence for cage culture price for whole yellow perch = $3.00+/lb. Retail Prices must be found by Ohio aquaculturists!

15 Contact Information Laura Tiu, Ph.D Aquaculture Specialist OSU South Centers 1864 Shyville Road Piketon, OH (Ohio Only)