Global Terrorism. By: Mr.Santosh Kumar, Asst.Prof. JSS CON, Mysore

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1 Global Terrorism By: Mr.Santosh Kumar, Asst.Prof. JSS CON, Mysore Definitions of Terrorism Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against person or Property to intimidate or coerce o government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. - F.B.I Definition "calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear. It is intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies... [to attain] political, religious, or ideological goals." - U.S. Army Manual Terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about politicalchange. - Brian Jenkins Terrorism constitutes the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective when innocent people are targeted. - Walter Laqueur Early History of Terrorism Terror has been used to achieve political ends and has a long history.as early as A.D. Resistance to Roman occupation, terrorists killed Roman soldiers and destroyed Roman property. Terror was used to resist occupation. Early History of Terrorism Suicidal martyrdom represented being killed by invaders which resulted in rewards in heaven. It dates back thousands of years in most societies and religions. Terrorism against the enemy is often viewed as a religious act. Modern History of Terrorism The term terrorism was coined in the French Revolution s Reign of Terror ( ).. This was the birth of Government-Sponsored Terrorism Goal: State terrorism was to eliminate opposition, consolidate power. Modern History of Terrorism: Middle 20 th century, terrorism became a tool used by both sides of colonial conflicts. The last 20 years of of the 20 th century religious based terrorism became more and more frequent.another format is economic terrorism, which destructs industry and agriculture system. Modern History of Terrorism Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare. Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently random/unpredictable violence by an weak military against a stronger military to gain advantage. (Allen, 1997). The key of Asymmetric warfare is using unexpected, unconventional tactics in combat (Craig, 1998). HOW REVENUE IS GENERATED FOR TERRORISM? Types of Terrorism National Terrorism International Terrorism National Terrorism

2 National Terrorism involves groups whose terrorist activities are directed at elements of our government without foreign involvement. International Terrorism International terrorism involves groups whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups. Sept. 11 is an example of International Terrorism. Other Types of Terrorism State Terrorism Bio Terrorism Cyber Terrorism Eco Terrorism NuclearTerrorism Narco Terrorism State Terrorism State terrorism may refer to acts of terrorism conducted by a state against a foreign state or people. State terrorism refer to acts of violence by a state against its own people. Bio Terrorism Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Bioterrorism is the term used for terrorist activities in which biological substances are used to cause harm to other people. Example: They can be contaminated water, food, air and packages to create infection. Cyber Terrorism In this Terrorist use Information Technology to attack civilians. In this Terrorist use Computer System and Telecommunications as a tool to attack. Example: The internet worms and viruses that are designed to take down some of the systems that the government uses. Eco Terrorism Eco terrorism is a recently coined term describing violence in the interests of environmentalism. Nuclear Terrorism "Nuclear terrorism" refers to a number of different ways nuclear materials might be exploited as a terrorist tactic. Nuclear terrorism is any different way that nuclear weapons might be used for terrorism. Example: Use of Radioactive materials through explosion. Use of nuclear reactor method. Narco Terrorism In Narco terrorism, terrorists making, transporting, and selling illegal drugs to fund terrorists activities. Narco terrorism has denoted violence used by drug traffickers to influence governments or prevent government efforts to stop the drug trade. Example: Making, transporting, and selling illegal drugs to fund terrorists activities. CHEMICAL TERRORISM: This type of terrorism uses the chemical agents as their weapons. The Chemicals used by the terrorists might have the prolonged devastating action. Chemicals employed for this purpose are chlorine, phosgene, mustard gas, hydrogen cyanide and other heavy metals.

3 It is exercised by organized groups It is inspired by Political Motive Use of Violence is intended to arouse fright or alarm There is systematic and indiscriminate use of violence and breach of Law Influencing Factor Psychological Impact of Terrorism Strong motivation to terminate terror Evokes classic ego defense mechanisms and displacement Often produces frustration-aggression reaction general increase in mental illness Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Causes Of Terrorism Injustice Politicians Poverty and Illiteracy Media ( Controlled By Politicians) Religious causes Methods of Terrorism Firearms Explosives Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon How terrorists operate Assaults & murders Kidnapping & skyjackings Arson & bombings Weapons of mass destruction Purpose of Terrorism Fear Panic Disruption Demoralization Embarrass Government Media Attention Similarities Between Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups Hierarchy structure Operate secretly Underground network Control over the individual is strong front organizations (Businesses or Charities) Similar tactics Differences Between Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups Terrorist

4 ideologically or politically motivated seek media attention Victimization is generally less discriminate wish to compete with governments for legitimacy Organized Crime profit-oriented Do not seek media attention Victimization is generally less discriminate Do not do this Islamic extremists Al-qaeda Al-jihad Al-gama a Hamas Hizballah Al-islamiyya Al-tahid Prevention of Terrorism Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention Primary Prevention Education!!! Understand the differences in cultures, religions, beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just my group of people Eliminate the root of terrorism Secondary Prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens Tertiary Prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population Solutions for Terrorism Remove Poverty Justice Dealing with media Improving international behaviour 0 -- No real impact on national security, economic security, or personal security 1 -- Local impact in areas directly affected 2 -- Significant impact in some areas that were not directly affected

5 3 -- Significant market adjustment (20% plus drop); some business and industries destabilized; some bankruptcies, including increasing number of personal bankruptcies and bankruptcies of small businesses, and waning of consumer confidence 4 -- Economic slowdown spreads; rise in unemployment and underemployment accompanied by possible isolated disruptive incidents and acts, increase in hunger and homelessness 5 -- Cascading impacts including mild recession; isolated supply problems; isolated infrastructure problems; accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, continuing societal impacts 6 -- Moderate to strong recession or increased market volatility; regional supply problems; regional infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts 7 -- Spreading supply problems and infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, worsening societal impacts, and major challenges posed to elected and non-elected public officials 8 -- Depression; increased supply problems; elements of infrastructure crippled accompanied by likely increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts; and national and global markets severely impacted 9 -- Widespread supply problems; infrastructure verging on collapse with both national and global consequences; worsening economic and societal impacts accompanied by likely widespread disruptions Possible unraveling of the social fabric, nationally and globally, jeopardizing the ability of governments to govern and keep the peace Series of terror attacks on India India is the land of Shiva and Krishna, the Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi. It is multicultural, multi-lingual, multi-racial country. It is a land of villages and fields. India is performing great role in various field like Economy, Finance, IT, Agriculture, Sports etc. Now India is competing in the race to become super power. Problems of India Corruption Poverty Population Education Problem Unemployment Child Marriage Religious Violence Sexual Exploitation Terrorism etc. Terrorism in India

6 Terrorism in India are basically two types external and internal, external terrorism emerge from neighboring countries and internal terrorism emulates from religious or communal violence. The main goal of terrorist is not to kill people but to spread their terror in heart of people Reasons for Terrorism in India 1.Lack of Security or Ignorance The main reason of Terrorism is Lack of Security. How terrorist enter in India? How they did bomb blast in India? All these question every Indians are ask to the Security system of India. The security agencies are only hired for providing security to celebrity, politicians etc. These agencies are not for the common man. These agencies are not providing security to the every region of India. That s why still terror attacks are going in India. 2.Poverty, Lack of Education and Unemployment No one can born as a terrorist the situation will make a terrorist. Because of Poverty, Lack of Education and unemployment, terrorist influenced the innocent people and involve them into the dangerous activity. Terrorist providing the big money so that s why people become terrorist. 3.Disunity India is a multicultural country. Because of different culture, we find the differences between the people. Politicians are using this disunity of people for their politic purpose and politicians creates the Political terrorism. 4.Lack of modern technology After every terror attack, India s Intelligence agencies are detecting that terrorist using the new technology for attacking in the India. But India s Intelligence agencies can t break technology which is used by terrorist 5.Politics: One of the Root cause of terrorism are Politicians there urge and hunger for power and votes they create diversity in unity which had lead to communal rights which results in disgruntled people tended towards taking revenge by bomb blasts and other evil activities, leads for internal terrorism Politicians negligence towards security measures and lack of preparations for tackling an outside attack makes our country vulnerable for external terrorism How to stop Terrorism? We can control Terrorism by reducing the corruption and poverty, developing the unity among the people etc. Awareness and education: Compulsory courses have to be taken in schools and colleges to make the awareness of terrorism. Public have to inform to the nearby police station immediately, if there is any suspicious activity occurs and police have to take the action without failure. Taking an strict action against Terrorism: Government have to take strict action against Terrorism. Government have to increase security of India. Measures to stop corruption Implement Rule which help to reduce the terrorism.