Chapter 4 The Triumph of Industry. Section One - Technology and Industrial Growth
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1 Chapter 4 The Triumph of Industry Section One - Technology and Industrial Growth
2 Technology and Industrial Growth A.Encouraging Industrial Growth 1.Natural Resources Fuel Growth a. Coal Eastern Seaboard b. Lumber Out West c. Rivers for transportation d. Oil Titusville Penn. 2.The Workforce Grows a. Immigrants from Europe i. Left b/c of political upheaval, religious persecution, foreign crop failures 3.Capitalism Encourages Entrepreneurs a. Entrepreneur investors in a business/idea i. Rags to Riches 4.Government Policies a. Free Enterprise/Capitalism i. Protective Tariffs ii.laissez-faire policies
3 Technology and Industrial Growth B. Innovation Drives the Nation 1.Electricity Transforms Life a. Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse 2.Communication a. Samuel Morse, Alexander Graham Bell b. Telegraph and phone 3.Steel a. Bessemer Process i. Purifying iron by removing the Carbon b.longer bridges, bigger buildings 4.Technology and Transportation a. Multiple transcontinental lines i. Time Zones ii.new Cities 5.Spiral Growth a. Movement of goods helps start businesses b. Mass production
4 Technology and Industrial Growth C. Impact of Industrialization 1.Linking World Markets a. Creation of international markets 2.Changing American Society a. Farmers moving to cities b. Manufactured goods c. Rise in cost of living 3.Thinking About the Environment a. Beginnings of national park system in Yellowstone
5 Chapter 4 The Triumph of Industry The Rise of Big Business
6 The Rise of Big Business A.Fighting for Profits 1.The Corporation Develops a. Corporation Sharing ownership in a company i. Allows for more capital, and growth 2.Gaining a Competitive Edge a. Paying low wages, research laboratories, driving competitors out of business b. Monopolies complete control of product of service c. Cartels collusion.. working with competitors to keep production low 3.Horizontal and Vertical Integration a. Horizontal Integration (Consolidation) i. Buying up competitors or owning part of competing businesses ii.trusts trustees get paid dividends on profits iii.rockefeller b. Vertical Integration i. Buying out phases of development for your product (Steel Empire Game) ii.andrew Carnegie
7 The Rise of Big Business B. Debating the Role of Big Business 1. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry a. Robber Barons i. Powerful businessmen had unfair advantage ii.squeezed out the small guy iii.too much price setting power b. Captains of Industry i. Jobs for growing labor force ii.improved economy iii.philanthropists 2.Social Darwinism a. Wealth was measure of value to society b. Laissez faire, the best business will succeed c. Poor were unfit and poverty stricken for a reason 3.The Government Imposes Regulations a. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Crossing state lines puts businesses under government watch b. Sherman Antitrust Act Outlawing of trusts to form monopolies i. Also hurts labor unions b/c they are working peoples trusts
8 Chapter 4 The Triumph of Industry The Organized Labor Movement
9 The Organized Labor Movement A.Workers Endure Hardships 1. Factory Work a. Immigrants working for low wages b. Sweatshops long hours in small dark, dirty factories c. Dangerous, poorly lit, badly ventilated 2. Families in the Workforce a. Mom, dad, kids working to make a living 3. Living in Company Towns a. Businessmen owned housing where families lived and worked i. Company store and wage slavery B.Labor Unions Form 1. Early Labor Protests a. Collective Bargaining negotiating as a group b. Strikes c. Most early efforts failed 2. Socialism Spreads a. Socialism public control of property and income people working together i. Wealth should be distributed (Karl Marx) 3. Knights of Labor a. Working towards end of wage labor b. Failed strikes hurts union 4. American Federation of Labor (AFL) a. Samuel Gompers Craft union for specific trades b. Used dues to help workers in need
10 The Organized Labor Movement C. Strikes Rock the Nation 1.Violence Erupts in Haymarket Square a. Riot got out of control, police killed, anarchist arrested b. Haymarket Riot 2.Steelworkers Strike at Homestead a. Carnegie steel plant, strike against cut in workers wages b. Strikers were associated in plot to kill part owner 3.Workers strike against Pullman a. Eugene Debs (ARU) led railroad strike b. Halted all rail traffic across the nation c. President called in to help rail owners i. Strike hurt interstate commerce ii.cleveland used federal troops to end strike 4.Effects of Labor Movement a. Businessmen used result in Pullman for their favor b. Government was forced to back businessmen
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