Implementing the GBEP indicators in Germany
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1 Implementing the GBEP indicators in Germany INDICATOR 2: Soil quality 4th meeting of the GBEP WGCB 30 May 2013 Berlin Susanne Köppen (IFEU) 1
2 1 Background Objective: Test whether the GBEP indicators can be implemented in Germany as an informative system for decision making, policy control and monitoring Providing lessons learned to the GBEP process Approach Assessment of all indicators with a minimum relevance in Germany for the whole bioenergy sector Use of average national data, i.e. secondary data (national surveys, data bases, monitoring data) Desktop study and small scale workshops (experts from national authorities, research institutes) followed by a workshop phase with involvement of entire spectrum of the civil society 2
3 1 Indicator 2: soil quality Percentage of land for which soil quality, in particular in terms of soil organic carbon, is maintained or improved out of total land on which bioenergy feedstock is cultivated or harvested Agricultural land Bioenergy production Measures for improvement of SOC 3
4 1 Data availability Agricultural land Bioenergy production Measures for improvement of SOC Data available Data available, localisation not possible Little data available, localisation not possible Answering the indicator not possible Alternative methodology 4
5 Alternative methodology Which influence has energy crop cultivation in Germany on the soil organic carbon content (SOC)? 1. Identification of areas and crops with high risk 2. Influence of change in crop rotation on SOC 3. Monitoring the SOC in Germany 5
6 1. High risk areas and crops Development of cultivation area [1000 ha] Sugar beets Winter / summer rapeseed Whole crop Silage corn Set-aside 6
7 1. High risk areas and crops a. Areas at high risk of soil quality decline grassland, organic soils, erosion risk areas b. Crops with risk characteristics corn Increase of bioenergy / biogas Erosion risk Humus draining crop Increase of corn cultivation Grassland conversion Particularly high risks on following areas: Increased erosion risk Fast humus decomposition Areas with erosion risk Organic soils 7
8 1. High risk areas and crops Data requirements (available for Germany) maps with Areas with erosion risks Areas with organic soils Areas with grassland conversion Areas with corn cultivation Location of biogas plants Only description of method / data sources, combination of maps is outside the scope of the current project 8
9 2. Influence of change in crop rotation Method developed by KEHRES 2010 Combination of statistical data on energy crop cultivation with humus balancing method Differentiation between humus draining and humus increasing crops Step 1: Change in the proportion of crop areas during the past years Step 2: Combination of changes in area with crop specific humus increase / decrease Net increase or decrease of humus content 9
10 Influence of crops on soil carbon content kg C per hectare Legumes Catch crop winter Grain legumes Set aside Catch crop summer Cereals Silage corn, vegetables Potatoes, vegetables Sugar / fodder beet Loss Gain 10
11 2. Influence of change in crop rotation Change in cultivation area [1000 ha] Gain / loss of soil carbon Max [t C] Area X gain / loss of soil carbon Cereals Pulses Potatoes Sugar beet Other beets Oil plants Whole crops Silage corn Credits for straw, beet leaves and digestate Change in crop rotation causes a loss of t C in 2012 compared to 2009 Field grass Set-aside Total
12 2. Influence of change in crop rotation Change in the cropping system led to a loss of humus in 2012 compared to 2009 Influence of bioenergy crop cultivation is hard to quantify exactly, however, strong increase of corn cultivation area is one of the factors Not the exact amount of loss is decisive but whether there is a loss or gain A loss indicates that action should be taken towards humus formation 12
13 1 3. Monitoring the soil carbon content Permanent soil observation: 800 permanent observation plots since late 80ies Soil organic carbon one of the parameters measured Data collection at federal level; the Federal Environmental Agency currently works on a central data evaluation Data will be available by the end of 2013 For some plots conclusions on influencing factors regarding the soil organic carbon can possibly be drawn In future data will be inventorised every 5-10 years General monitoring of soil quality, no link to bioenergy 13
14 Summary Measurement of soil organic carbon very time consuming Long-term monitoring required (changes take 5-10 years to become visible) Not sure whether changes in crop rotations and / or management become visible at all (in Germany the humus content has to be balanced in order to receive subsidies) Taking into account the cropping system as a whole gives indication whether changes in crop rotation pose a risk to the humus content Needs to be adapted to other national / climatic contexts Focus on high risk areas if data are not available 14
15 THANK YOU for your attention 15
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