Technological Solutions for Waste-to-Energy Sustainability, Trends and Examples.

Transcription

1 Technological Solutions for Waste-to-Energy Sustainability, Trends and Examples

2 International Biogas and Bioenergy Centre of Competence IBBK Know-How transfer (international workshops, conferences, study tours, training) Technical support especially with dry digestion, lagoon technology, small scale installations Contacts to experts in planning, design and construction Contacts to specialized companies Networking with members in different regions nationally and internationally Origin in Organic Biogas

3 Content 1. Overview of sustainable Biogas Production in Europe 2. Feasible technology options 3. Economic success factors 4. Feedstock in organic biogas plants 5. Case study: Heat use and fertilizer production

4 1. Status of sustainable biogas production in industrial agriculture in Europe

5 Biogas plants in Germany

6 Reasons for Market Development Todays Realities High standards in technical development Different standardized types of digesters and plant technologies Consolidation of Special Fermentation Technologies Automatisation of system control and operation Development from organic farming and inventive farmers Today only about 200 biogas plants are organic Fixed Feed in Tariffs guaranteed for 20 Years, Energy Crop Bonus but what after 20 years Organic farms do not use maize as energy crops Regulated grid access at reasonable cost is the base Sustainable use of heat and fertilizer is more and more important

7 Primary energy production of biogas in the EU (ktoe) Source: Eurobserver 2012

8 2. Feasible Digester Technology Options for Farm Biogas Production

9 Dry fermentation for feedstock over 20% DM

10 Dry fermentation for feedstock over 20% DM

11 CSTR System Steel Tank with Hydrolysis

12 CSTR Control system with Hydrolysis

13 Sauter Irrigation System for Solids Fermentation

14 Sauter Irrigation System for Solids Fermentation

15 D&K DIY System for building owner construction

16 D&K DIY System for building owner construction

17 3. Economic success factors for Sustainable Biogas Projects

18 Investment costs for Biogas Plants 2014: for 75 kw more than 10,000 /kw

19 Investment costs for Biogas Plants Investkosten Invest. costs spez. Specific Kosten costs kw GM PF 740 kw GM 500 kw GM PF 500 kw GM 2F 500 kw GM 1F 370 kw GM PF 370 kw GM 250 kw ZS PF 250 kw ZS 190 kw GM 180 kw ZS 110 kw ZS 100 kw GM 60 kw GM 40 kw ZS

20 Investment costs for Biogas Plants 120% rel. investment fraction 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% others Excavation work Clamp silo Building Grid connection Construction Analytics Gas utilisation Gas technology Manure technology Control systems Feed-in system Storage tank Secondary digester Digester Mixing pit Planning & Design 0% 30 kw 65 kw 100 kw 180 kw 250 kw 500 kw

21 Operating Costs Depreciation costs Interest charge (related to 1/2 of investment costs) Maintenance & repair of biogas plant Maintenance CHP Insurance Labour costs Costs for input substrates Costs for land spreading digestate

22 4. Feeding Technology in Farm Biogas Plants

23 kg/day Typical organic farming substrate mix daily feed-ration FM kg/day ots kg/day liquid-manure grain manure Clover/grass

24 Reception pit for liquids Typically applied at waste and slurry digestion plants Somtimes for maceration and mixing prior to pre-storage tank Sometimes as bunker prior to contaminants removal

25 Solid feeding systems Developed to feed solid material directly into the digester Always a combination of buffer volume with removal system and conveyor system for the solids Rather used in agricultural AD plants Typical feedstock: dung, energy crops, vegetables

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27 Feeding systems Conveyors Most often screws are used Sometimes conveyor belts in combination with screws Extremely high wear and tear If pistons or press screws are used feedstock will be highly compressed danger of sedimentation Material selection is crucial with energy crops and organic waste stainless steel (AISI 316) Limited to 12 m length / height

28 Feeding systems Hopper feed pumps Used for mixing solids with liquid alternative to traditional mixing pit Suitable for any type of wet digester Solids are not compressed fine dosing & quick degradation Sensitive towards stones and contaminants Requires buffer for solids Challenge is the level control of solids

29 Feeding systems Chute Rather simple feeding system used in combination with lagoon digesters Very simple system No moving parts, little wear and tear compared with other systems Must reach under liquid level CH4 emissions

30 5. Case study: Digestate Processing and Heat Use

31 Use of Digestate from Sustainable Biogas Plants Digestate can be spread on the fields - no hygiene restrictions with animal slurry and plant material Improved Fertilizer - improves nutrient availability - reduces burning effect on plants - improves flowing properties - improves plant compatibility - improves plant health - reduces germination ability of weed seeds Environmentally sound - reduces the intensity of odor - reduces air pollution through methane and ammonia - reduces the wash out of nitrate - sanitizes liquid manure Economic benefits - better quality organic crops - higher crop yields

32 Liquid digestate processing and fertilization Digestate storage After the anaerobic treatment of liquid manure and during the storage nitrogen losses occur in form of ammonia Digestate land application During the application nitrogen losses can be presented in gaseous form (ammonia) and in mineral form (nitrate)

33 Karleʼsfarm, Fuessbach, Germany Heat coupled microgas turbine in combination with a solar supported digestate drying process at the Farm at Karle, Fuessbach, Germany

34 Liquid-solid separation - Solar drying Simple technology mainly applied for sewage sludge Combined utilisation of solar heat and waste heat Requires complex control system Removes: Water Partial N-losses Investment costs: approx (digestate from 450 kwel. Plant)

35 Small pelletizing machine Production: 300 to/a

36 Start: September private households 1 business operation 1. Bio-energy-village in North- Württemberg Heat supply contracts Not forced to connect, but 90 % did connect everybody is very satisfied!! District Heating Network Source: Thomas Karle

37 Source: Thomas Karle The village is Bioenergiedorf

38 Thank you very much for your attention! Michael Köttner, CEO International Biogas and Bioenergy Centre of competence IBBK