Introduction to LAN/WAN CS 513
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1 Introduction to LAN/WAN CS 513
2 CS 513 Midterm Review Monday, April 5, 2010 In-class, 2 hours No cheat sheets, formula sheets: Why? Only two formulas covered (Nyquist and Shannon)
3 Uses of networks Business Home Mobile users Classification of networks Transmission technology broadcast, multicast, pointto-point Size LAN, MAN, WAN Topology star, ring, tree
4 Performance measures Throughput Delay Sockets programming Client/server model Sockaddr and sockaddr_in data structures Socket functions (socket, connect, bind, listen, accept, close) Types of ports (reserved, registered, ephemeral) When to use specific calls (e.g. recv Vs. recvfrom, etc)
5 Layering OSI TCP/IP Pros and cons of each model Multiplexing (FDM, TDM) Switching Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching
6 Services Connection-oriented Connectionless Datagram Physical layer (baud, data rate, bandwidth) Nyquist theorem Shannon s result Signal-to-noise ratio Decibel Causes of noise: thermal, impulse, crosstalk, ISI
7 Analog Vs. Digital Data Signals Transmissions Attenuation Repeaters Modem Telephone system (switching office, local loop and trunk) Modulation techniques (PSK, QPSK, FSK, AM, QAM) Constellation diagrams Digital encoding (Manchester, differential manchester, etc)
8 PCM T1 carrier Transmission media (guided Vs. unguided) Twisted pair (UTP) Coaxial cables (baseband, broadband) Fiber Radio waves, cellular (frequency reuse) Framing (character, bit and byte stuffing)
9 Hop-by-hop Vs. end-to-end Data link functions (flow, error control, etc) Error detection (CRC, polynomial arithmetic, generating function, etc) Error correction (Hamming code, parity bits, etc) Tanenbaum s Data Link protocols Utopia Stop-and-wait Go-Back-N Selective repeat Piggyback ACKS, NAKs, timers, window size Vs max. seq. No. Real world Data Link protocols (HDLC, PPP, etc)
10 MAC Protocols The Channel Allocation Problem Assumptions S, G and P (throughput, offered load and probability of error) ALOHA (slotted and non-slotted) CSMA (non-persistent, 1-persistent, p-persistent) CSMA/CD and Ethernet Contention free: bitmap, binary countdown Limited contention: adaptive tree walk Binary exponential backoff algorithm
11 Fast Ethernet Switched Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Wireless LAN (MACA, MACAW) IEEE Hidden, exposed terminal PCF, DCF ISM Bands, spread spectrum (FHSS, DHSS, HR-DSSS), Infrared, OFDM RTS, CTS, ACK, NAV SIFS, DIFS, PIFS, EIFS CSMA/CA Services: association, reassociation, authentication, etc Bridges (packet conversion, data rates, security, QoS)
12 : Network layer Routing design issues Store-and-forward Connection Vs. connectionless Datagram Vs. Virtual circuit Routing algorithms Static Vs. adaptive Metrics: hops, distance, bandwidth, transit time
13 : Network Layer Static routing algorithms Dijkstra s algorithm What is exchanged? How to build table from a given node to all others Flooding (issues, selective flooding, uses, etc) Adaptive routing algorithms Distance vector What is exchanged? how to update tables Issues and problems (bad news, good news) Link state routing
14 : Network Layer Link state routing Steps Measuring link costs (echo packets, include queue time, etc) Build link state packets Distribute link state packets Keeping track of packets Computing new routes Trade-offs between static and adaptive Hierarchical routing (just know what it is.. )
15 : Network Layer Internet Protocol (IP) IP addresses: classes (A, B, C), and problems with classes CIDR IP Address resolution ARP (what is it?) RARP (when do we use this again?), DHCP Routing on the Internet (high level, what s what?) Autonomous Systems (AS s) Routing within AS s (Interior Gateway Protocol, OSPF) Routing between AS s (Exterior Gateway Protocol, EGP)
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