Ethical Theories II: Rights, Contract & Potpourri
|
|
- Jemima Tyler
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ethical Theories II: Rights, Contract & Potpourri Kantian Ethics Lite Universal Acceptability and the Publicity Test 1
2 Acceptability Another (weaker, but possibly more workable) way of cashing out the moral idea behind Kant s CI: Would this proposed action be acceptable both to the person doing the action and those affected by the action? Or, in effect: Would a rational and reasonable person accept that this action is right irrespective of whether she was the perpetrator or the victim of the action? Note the similarity to the Judeo-Christian Golden Rule : Do unto others as you would have them do unto you Various forms of the universal acceptability test are sometimes put to work in areas where practical ethical decision making is required (e.g., in business ethics, professional codes of conduct). Such an approach may seem rather plausible and it certainly has some probative value. But it also has some theoretical and practical problems 2
3 for example Without t some sort of account of moral agency (e.g., Kant s moral agent guided by reason alone), how can I know what a rational and reasonable person would accept? I might, e.g., be tempted to consistently over-estimate how much other people are willing to put up with. Similarly, one of the purposes of morality is to mete out sanctions (Cf. Pojman). But if I m going to be on the receiving end of punishment, I may be unduly stringent about what punishment-governing rules I am willing to accept. A Related Idea: The Publicity Test A version of the acceptability test that often comes up in business or political contexts. Also know as the sunshine test or implied by concerns about transparency: How would this proposed course of action look if it became public knowledge (e.g., was published on the front page of the newspaper)? The main idea: If you would be ashamed if your proposed action were to become known to others, this suggests that you already know that it would not be acceptable to others. 3
4 Rights-Based Ethics A Guide to Rights-Talk Rights-Based Ethics Another approach to ethical theory one with great contemporary significance is to base ethical obligation on some notion of rights. Theories of this kind are, by their nature, fundamentally deontological. As with Kant and Ross, such views can be said to maintain the priority of the right to the good. 4
5 What Are Rights? 1. A right is an entitlement to something E.g., legal rights to life, liberty and security of the person are guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982): In Canada, legal sanctions may apply in cases where rights to life, liberty or security of the person have been found to be violated. A package of basic human rights is proposed in documents such as the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Helsinki Accords (1975). Violations of human rights, in this sense, may not (yet) be subject to legal sanction, but instead are more like (putative) moral norms: People who violate them are subject to our praise and blame, our disrespect (but not necessarily punishment). 2. Rights imply correlative duties E.g., My right to freedom from physical harm imposes on others a duty not to physically harm me; My right to free speech imposes on others a duty not to prevent me from speaking; My property right in X imposes a duty on others not to My property right in X imposes a duty on others not to trespass upon or interfere with my use and enjoyment of X. 5
6 Hohfeld s (1919) Classification A and B are CORRELATIVE iff the presence of the one [of A or B] in an individual X implies the existence of at least one other person Y in which the other [of A or B] is present. A and B are OPPOSITES iff the presence of the one in an individual X implies the absence in himself, X, of the other Negative vs. Positive Rights Negative Rights: Freedom from interference; an entitlement to be left alone. (E.g., freedom of expression, privacy rights) Positive Rights: Freedom to do or attain something; an entitlement that somebody else do something for/to you. (E.g., the right to an education, the right to medical care) 6
7 Some Considerations Some theorists (e.g., hard-core libertarians) argue that all (or most) moral and political rights, properly understood, are negative rights (i.e., there are no legitimate positive rights, except in private law). How so?: Any putative positive right involves the violation of someone s negative rights (e.g., through taxes) In liberal societies, this view strongly conditions regulatory and administrative law economic liberties (negative rights) limit the power of regulators. (e.g., intellectual property rights, assessment and licensing of technologies, product labeling etc.) Rights and the Social Contract The rights-based approach to moral and political theory has its roots in the work of Thomas Hobbes ( ), John Locke ( ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( ). Each of these philosophers are among the founders of the social contract ( contractarian ) tradition. This tradition understands the political authority to create and enforce laws and, by extension, the force of moral norms to be grounded in an explanatory fiction called the 'social contract 7
8 Hobbes and the State of Nature In order to understand the nature of ethical and political norms, imagine a condition in which these did not exist In the pre-political state of nature which precedes civil society there was both absolute freedom and a state of constant war, a war of all against all. In the state of nature, says Hobbes, the life of man is solitary poor, nasty, brutish and short it is not a good deal, so to speak, for anyone The social contract is a tacit agreement among individuals to give up some degree of the absolute liberty that they possessed in the state of nature in exchange for something (more) valuable: In the political case: A package of rights guaranteed (and enforced) by the state. In the general, social case: A system of moral norms, In the general, social case: A system of moral norms, mutually enforced by everyone. 8
9 Why Accept the Social Contract? One answer (Locke s): Because legitimate civil government exists to protect our inalienable natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and such government can only be made legitimate through the consent of the governed. Another answer (Hobbes ): Because it s a better deal than the state of nature Public Goods Specifically, the Hobbesian account suggests that some things that everyone has reason to value (such as peace, order, and security) are in the nature of public goods. Public Goods: Goods that are non-excludable in provision and non-rival in consumption goods that will not be adequately supplied by individuals acting solely in their own interest. Moral norms (and coercive laws) exist to provide us with public goods that we could not obtain otherwise. 9
10 Rawls s Theory of Justice John Rawls's ( ) theory follows the social contract tradition and develops a contractarian view of justice in which principles of justice are the output of a special sort of social contract. Justice, according to Rawls, is the solution to a problem: People (notoriously) disagree about values (i.e., about the nature of the good life and about how benefits and burdens of social cooperation ought to be distributed), yet they have an interest in securing the benefits of cooperation Outline of Rawls s Theory Recall yet again the expression the priority of the right to good. We may strongly disagree about what is good (you think that modesty is good, I think that sensual pleasure is good; you want ecstasy, I want sobriety), but we may at least be able to agree on some minimal account of what is right. Society, on Rawls s view, is a cooperative venture between free and equal persons for their mutual advantage; cooperation makes life better (recall Hobbes) because it increases the stock of primary goods 10
11 Primary Goods Whatever it is rational to want, irrespective of whatever else you want. (e.g., health, material resources, rights, social ilbases of self-respect, etc.) Rawls's basic idea is that we can identify an acceptable conception of justice by asking what rights and what principles for the distribution of primary goods it would be reasonable for all members of society to agree to. Rawls identifies justice with fairness. If everyone accepts that the rules are fair and the rules are applied consistently, then we have fairness The Setup But how do we know what principles are fair? How do we determine what reasonable people p would agree to? Rawls s (rather clever) suggestion is that we can see for ourselves what ought to count as fair principles by performing a thought experiment. Rawls: Imagine what principles would be chosen be people in the following special (imaginary) situation 11
12 The Original Position (OP) Your task: To choose the basic principles by which the basic institutions of society will governed. To ensure impartiality, you are placed under special conditions All knowledge of your tastes, preferences, talents, handicaps is hidden from you so as to remove factors which might bias your decision in your favour. You do, however, have knowledge of issues which would not be biasing (social scientific knowledge, knowledge about what human beings need in order to live, etc.). The Veil of Ignorance Persons in the original position are thus said to be under the 'veil of ignorance'. They do not know their interests, their place in society, their personal characteristics or their particular conception of the good. That is, they are mutually disinterested moral agents (recall Mill). Yet they have the capacity to understand, apply, and act from a concept of justice and a conception of the good. They have no way off knowing, or determining the odds, who they will turn out to be once the veil of ignorance comes off: You could be, winner or loser, a beggar or a millionaire, etc.. 12
13 Perfect Procedural Justice The OP though experiment is meant to model (albeit imperfectly) what Rawls calls perfect procedural justice The basic idea: I cut, you choose By choosing the right procedure, injustice is made selfdefeating. Rawls argues that people in the original position would choose certain principles of justice, rather than some other ones (e.g., strict equalitarianism or utilitarian principles). Moreover (since choosers in the OP have no way of predicting where they will end up in the social hierarchy) he argues that they will adopt a maximin choice strategy. S h t ifi ll ill l i th i i l iti So what specifically will people in the original position decide upon? In other words, what are the principles of justice, according to Rawls? 13
14 Rawls's Principles of Justice The First Principle (The Liberty Principle) Each person has an equal right to the most extensive scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of equal liberty for all. The Second Principle Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both: a) to the greatest expected benefit of the least advantaged (the Difference Principle ) and b) attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. Priority Rule The two principles are in lexical order. The first principle has priority over the second, so that all citizens are assured the equal basic liberties; similarly, part (b) of the second principle has priority over part (a), so that the conditions of fair equality of opportunity are guaranteed for everyone. If these principles characterize, or very nearly characterize, the basic institutions of some society, then that society is just. These principles are the outcome of a kind of bargaining process (though it is not proper bargaining, since individuals do not know their own interests), but the duty to abide by them does not itself derive from the contract. Instead citizens can simply recognize for themselves that Instead, citizens can simply recognize for themselves that the rules are fair and, accordingly, agree to be bound by them. 14
Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action 20:2 Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government Starting in the 1600s, European philosophers began debating the question of who should
More informationChapter Four. Ethics in International Business. Introduction. Ethical Issues in International Business
Chapter Four Ethics in International Business 4-2 Introduction Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people An ethical strategy is a strategy or
More informationPHIL 341: Ethical Theory
PHIL 341: Ethical Theory Student data (on cards) Contact info: name, address, phone number, university ID, etc. Background: especially data on satisfaction of the prerequisite (two prior courses in philosophy).
More informationFundamental Principles of American Democracy
Fundamental Principles of American Democracy Standard: 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential
More informationJUSTICE AS FAIRNESS By John Rawls (1971)
JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS By John Rawls (1971) The Main Idea of The Theory of Justice My aim is to present a conception of justice which generalizes and carries to a higher level of abstraction the familiar
More informationEthics in International Business
4 Ethics in International Business INTRODUCTION Ethics refers to accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of a profession, or the actions of an organization.
More informationENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS AND GOVERNMENT MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE IS IN CHAINS.
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS AND GOVERNMENT MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE IS IN CHAINS. Relevant Questions: Are people born good or bad? Are all people born equal? What is government? Why do societies have
More informationProfessional Ethics PHIL 3340. Today s Topic Absolute Moral Rules & Kantian Ethics. Part I
Professional Ethics PHIL 3340 Today s Topic Absolute Moral Rules & Kantian Ethics Part I Consequentialism vs. Deontology Consequentialism: A type of ethical theory stating that to act morally we must base
More informationKant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Kant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals G. J. Mattey Winter, 2015/ Philosophy 1 The Division of Philosophical Labor Kant generally endorses the ancient Greek division of philosophy into
More informationEthics in Biomedical Engineering. Ethics and morality. Ethical theories. Kantianism (Kant, 1724-1804) Act Utilitarianism (Bentham, 1748-1832)
Ethics in Biomedical Engineering E. Morin, Queen s University Ethics and morality Ethics is the philosophical study of morality Examination of moral beliefs and behaviours Study of right and wrong and
More informationHandout for Central Approaches to Ethics p. 1 E-mail: meelerd@winthrop.edu
Handout for Central Approaches to Ethics p. 1 Five Basic Approaches to Ethical Decision-Making (from The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, www.scu.edu/ethics) The Rights Approach An important approach
More informationMoral Theory. What makes things right or wrong?
Moral Theory What makes things right or wrong? Consider: Moral Disagreement We have disagreements about right and wrong, about how people ought or ought not act. When we do, we (sometimes!) reason with
More informationIn Defense of Kantian Moral Theory Nader Shoaibi University of California, Berkeley
In Defense of Kantian Moral Theory University of California, Berkeley In this paper, I will argue that Kant provides us with a plausible account of morality. To show that, I will first offer a major criticism
More informationNeutrality s Much Needed Place In Dewey s Two-Part Criterion For Democratic Education
Neutrality s Much Needed Place In Dewey s Two-Part Criterion For Democratic Education Taylor Wisneski, Kansas State University Abstract This paper examines methods provided by both John Dewey and Amy Gutmann.
More informationDEVELOPMENT JOURNALISM
DEVELOPMENT JOURNALISM Development journalism basically centres around how much freedom the media should have i.e. should they be able to publish whatever they wish to publish, at any time, or should there
More informationIntroduction to the social contract theory 1
Introduction to the social contract theory 1 by Kevin J. Browne Social contract theory raises the possibility that the need for social order and certain inherent constraints might provide us with a natural
More informationKant s deontological ethics
Michael Lacewing Kant s deontological ethics DEONTOLOGY Deontologists believe that morality is a matter of duty. We have moral duties to do things which it is right to do and moral duties not to do things
More informationJustice and Ethics. Jimmy Rising. October 18, 2002
Justice and Ethics Jimmy Rising October 18, 2002 1 Introduction Utilitarianism is an ethical system. John Stuart Mill s use of Utilitarianism to determine what is just and what is injustice may seem natural,
More informationUnit 3 Handout 1: DesJardin s Environmental Ethics. Chapter 6 Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life
Philosophy 160C Fall 2008 jayme johnson Unit 3 Handout 1: DesJardin s Environmental Ethics Chapter 6 Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life Introduction So far we have focused on attempts to
More informationChapter 12: Decision Making, Creativity, and Ethics
Chapter 12: Decision Making, Creativity, and Ethics Organizational Behaviour 5 th Canadian Edition Langton / Robbins / Judge Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada 12-1 Chapter Outline How Should Decisions
More informationThe Right of a State to Control Immigration
The Right of a State to Control Immigration Caleb Yong Nuffield College, Oxford caleb.yong@nuffield.ox.ac.uk DRAFT only. Please do not cite. Comments very welcome. NOTE: This is a revised version of one
More informationA THEORY OF JUSTICE. 1. The Role of Justice
A THEORY OF JUSTICE John Rawls is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University. He is the author of the well-known and path breaking A Theory of Justice (Harvard, 1971) and the more recent work Political Liberalism
More informationMS 102- PROFESSIONAL & BUSINESS ETHICS 2 MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UNIT I
1. Define Ethics? MS 102- PROFESSIONAL & BUSINESS ETHICS 2 MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UNIT I * Study of right or wrong. * Good and evil. * Obligations & rights. * Justice. * Social & Political deals.
More informationMILL ON JUSTICE: CHAPTER 5 of UTILITARIANISM Lecture Notes Dick Arneson Philosophy 13 Fall, 2004
1 MILL ON JUSTICE: CHAPTER 5 of UTILITARIANISM Lecture Notes Dick Arneson Philosophy 13 Fall, 2004 Some people hold that utilitarianism is incompatible with justice and objectionable for that reason. Utilitarianism
More informationAre Skill Selective Immigration Policies Just?
Are Skill Selective Immigration Policies Just? Douglas MacKay c 2014 Douglas MacKay Are Skill Selective Immigration Policies Just? Many high income countries have skill selective immigration policies,
More informationHonours programme in Philosophy
Honours programme in Philosophy Honours Programme in Philosophy The Honours Programme in Philosophy offers students a broad and in-depth introduction to the main areas of Western philosophy and the philosophy
More information1/9. Locke 1: Critique of Innate Ideas
1/9 Locke 1: Critique of Innate Ideas This week we are going to begin looking at a new area by turning our attention to the work of John Locke, who is probably the most famous English philosopher of all
More informationUniversal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
More informationChapter 2 The Ethical Basis of Law and Business Management
Chapter 2 The Ethical Basis of Law and Business Management Business owners and managers traditionally have had to ensure that their profitmaking activities did not exceed the ethical boundaries established
More informationKilling And Letting Die
[This essay originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edition, ed. Lawrence Becker and Charlotte Becker (New York: Routledge, 2001), vol. 2, pp. 947-50.] Killing And Letting Die Is it worse
More informationClass on Hedley Bull. 1. Some general points about Bull s view
Class on Hedley Bull 1. Some general points about Bull s view A central claim in Bull s argument is that anarchy understood as interaction between and among agents, whether individuals or states, in the
More informationLSE Visit Day Government Department Taster Lecture Must the Sovereign be Absolute? Professor Paul Kelly
LSE Visit Day Government Department Taster Lecture Must the Sovereign be Absolute? Professor Paul Kelly 1 Aims and Objectives Lecture based on Lecture 12 of GV 100 one of two compulsory introductory courses.
More informationCONSIDERATIONS FOR A GLOBAL BUSINESS ETHICS FRAMEWORK
CONSIDERATIONS FOR A GLOBAL BUSINESS ETHICS FRAMEWORK Paul Ostasiewski Assistant Professor of Marketing/Management Wheeling Jesuit University Introduction With the emergence of multinational corporations
More informationPUBLIC INTEREST IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. A NECESSARY ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONCEPT FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Boletín de Public la Asociación interest in de political Geógrafos philosophy. Españoles A necessary N.º 53-2010, ethical págs. and regulatory 381-386 concept for territorial planning I.S.S.N.: 0212-9426
More informationMILL. The principle of utility determines the rightness of acts (or rules of action?) by their effect on the total happiness.
MILL The principle of utility determines the rightness of acts (or rules of action?) by their effect on the total happiness. Mill s principle of utility Mill s principle combines theories of the right
More informationUnderstanding Accounting Ethics Cheffers & Pakaluk (2005): Allen David Press. Basics of Accounting Ethics
Understanding Accounting Ethics Cheffers & Pakaluk (2005): Allen David Press Basics of Accounting Ethics Basics of Accounting Ethics Main Topics Professionalism Public Interest The Virtues of an Accountant
More informationCHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights
CHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why did the former Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, state that the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 was illegal?
More informationAcademic Standards for Civics and Government
Academic Standards for Civics and Government June 1, 2009 FINAL Secondary Standards Pennsylvania Department of Education These standards are offered as a voluntary resource for Pennsylvania s schools and
More informationPerception and Individual Decision Making
Robbins & Judge Organizational Behavior 13th Edition Perception and Individual Decision Making Bob Stretch Southwestern College 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 5-0 Chapter Learning Objectives
More informationThe Role of Government
The Role of Government Imagine for a moment living under a government that possessed unlimited and undefined powers, such as Communist China or Nazi Germany. What rights do you have now that you think
More informationObjections to Friedman s Shareholder/Stockholder Theory
Objections to Friedman s Shareholder/Stockholder Theory 1. Legal Morally Permissible: Almeder offers several criticisms of Friedman s claim that the only obligation of businesses is to increase profit
More informationStrategies for occupational therapists to address elder abuse/mistreatment
Strategies for occupational therapists to address elder abuse/mistreatment Provincial Legal Information: Quebec Prepared by the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists August 2011 This project
More informationEthical Theories ETHICAL THEORIES. presents NOTES:
ETHICAL THEORIES SLIDE 1 INTRODUCTORY SLIDE Ethical theories provide part of the decision-making foundation for Decision Making When Ethics Are In Play because these theories represent the viewpoints from
More informationShareholder Theory (Martin Friedman)
Shareholder Theory (Martin Friedman) Shareholder Theory: Given that businesses are moral individuals or at least can be treated as if they were we can now ask: What moral obligations, if any, do businesses
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ETHICS PHIL 160 Summer Session I
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS PHIL 160 Summer Session I This is a draft syllabus. The finalized syllabus will be available one week before the beginning of Summer Session I. Kiran Bhardwaj kbhardwa@live.unc.edu
More informationWhat brings you to the work of the Blue Ribbon Commission, and marijuana?
Policy Perspective: An Interview with Paul Gallegos Paul Gallegos is a private attorney practicing state and federal civil litigation and criminal defense. He served as District Attorney of Humboldt County
More informationDeclaration of Internet Rights Preamble
Declaration of Internet Rights Preamble The Internet has played a decisive role in redefining public and private space, structuring relationships between people and between people and institutions. It
More informationArguments and Dialogues
ONE Arguments and Dialogues The three goals of critical argumentation are to identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments. The term argument is used in a special sense, referring to the giving of reasons
More informationLecture 2: Moral Reasoning & Evaluating Ethical Theories
Lecture 2: Moral Reasoning & Evaluating Ethical Theories I. Introduction In this ethics course, we are going to avoid divine command theory and various appeals to authority and put our trust in critical
More informationLectures, 2 ECONOMIES OF SCALE
Lectures, 2 ECONOMIES OF SCALE I. Alternatives to Comparative Advantage Economies of Scale The fact that the largest share of world trade consists of the exchange of similar (manufactured) goods between
More informationEmile Durkheim: Suicide as Social Fact Leslie-Ann Bolden, Michela Bowman, Sarah Kaufman & Danielle Lindemann
Emile Durkheim: Suicide as Social Fact Leslie-Ann Bolden, Michela Bowman, Sarah Kaufman & Danielle Lindemann In The Rules of the Sociological Method (1895), Durkheim examines a category of human facts
More informationPrinciples and standards in Independent Advocacy organisations and groups
advocacy 2 0 0 0 Principles and standards in Independent Advocacy organisations and groups Advocacy 2000 January 2002 We would like to acknowledge that the Scottish Executive partly funded the editing
More informationCorporate Social Responsibility or Corporate Governance What's Coming First?
Marli Gonan Božac; University Juraj Dobrila - Pula Mislav Ante Omazić; Faculty of Economics and Business - Zagreb Marijan Cingula; Faculty of Economics and Business - Zagreb Corporate Social Responsibility
More informationBeyond the Social Contract: Capabilities and Global Justice.
Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1, March 2004 Beyond the Social Contract: Capabilities and Global Justice. An Olaf Palme Lecture, delivered in Oxford on 19 June 2003 MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM* ABSTRACT
More informationThe way we do business.
a b The way we do business. Our Code of Conduct and Ethics. Our Code of Conduct and Ethics In this Code, the Board of Directors and the Group Executive Board set out the principles and practices that define
More informationAcademic Standards for Civics and Government
Academic Standards for June 1, 2009 FINAL Elementary Standards Grades 3-8 Pennsylvania Department of Education These standards are offered as a voluntary resource for Pennsylvania s schools and await action
More informationFaculty. Collaborative Efforts for Emergency Planning Legal and Ethical Issues in Healthcare Emergency Management. Ethical Questions Presented
Collaborative Efforts for Emergency Planning Legal and Ethical Issues in Healthcare Emergency Management Satellite Conference and Live Webcast Tuesday, December 1, 2009 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Central Time
More informationLast May, philosopher Thomas Nagel reviewed a book by Michael Sandel titled
Fourth Quarter, 2006 Vol. 29, No. 4 Editor s Watch Sandel and Nagel on Abortion Last May, philosopher Thomas Nagel reviewed a book by Michael Sandel titled Public Philosophy in The New York Review of Books.
More informationUniversal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights Adopted by the UNESCO General Conference, 19 October 2005 The General Conference, Conscious of the unique capacity of human beings to reflect upon their
More informationThe Spirituality and Ethics Underlying the Affordable Care Act
The Spirituality and Ethics Underlying the Affordable Care Act Dr. Thomas M. Knadig Extern Chaplain, University of Pennsylvania Health System Co-Author, Health-Care Ethics & the Law (2012, DELMAR CENGAGE
More informationTitle: Duty Derives from Telos: The Teleology behind Kant s Categorical Imperative. Author: Micah Tillman
Title: Duty Derives from Telos: The Teleology behind Kant s Categorical Imperative Author: Micah Tillman Word Count: 3,358 (3,448, including content notes) Abstract: This paper argues that Kant s view
More informationInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 entry into force
More informationCorporations and Human Rights: Do They Have Obligations?
Corporations and Human Rights: Do They Have Obligations? International law has traditionally been understood as a system set up by states to regulate the affairs between them. 1 Especially, since the Second
More informationPerspectives on Ideology Social 30-1 Introduction
Perspectives on Ideology Social 30-1 Introduction Favour individualism or Collectivism? RI#1 To what extent should ideology be the foundation of Identity? explores the relationship between identity and
More informationAtheism. Richland Creek Community Church
Atheism Richland Creek Community Church The Existence of God: Does America believe in God? Google - What percentage of Americans believe in God? = well over 90%. In fact, over the past 50 years of research
More informationPhilosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics. Lecture 3 Three Different Types of Ethical Theories
Philosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics Lecture 3 Three Different Types of Ethical Theories The ethical theories that philosophers have advanced fall into three main groups. To understand these different
More informationCritical Analysis o Understanding Ethical Failures in Leadership
Terry Price focus on the ethical theories and practices of the cognitive account. The author argues that leaders that even put their own interests aside may not be ethically successful. Thus, volitional
More information41/128.Declaration on the Right to Development
41/128.Declaration on the Right to Development The General Assembly, Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations relating to the achievement of international co-operation
More informationCODE OF ETHICS of the RCS Group
CODE OF ETHICS of the RCS Group Approved by the RCS MediaGroup S.p.A. Board of Directors at the meeting of 31 July 2003 - 2 - Code of Ethics Aim and Intended Audience The Code of Ethics of the RCS Group
More information#HUMN-104 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
Coffeyville Community College #HUMN-104 COURSE SYLLABUS FOR INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Mike Arpin Instructor COURSE NUMBER: HUMN-104 COURSE TITLE: Introduction to Philosophy CREDIT HOURS: 3 INSTRUCTOR:
More informationChapter 9. Application of Ethical Principles to Genetic Testing
Chapter 9 Application of Ethical Principles to Genetic Testing Ethical Principles................................................... Autonomy................................................................
More informationThe Pre-employment Clinical Assessment of Police Candidates: Principles and Guidelines for Canadian Psychologists. April, 2013
The Pre-employment Clinical Assessment of Police Candidates: Principles and Guidelines for Canadian Psychologists April, 2013 Preface and Rationale Identification and selection of acceptable police candidates
More informationThe Conflict between Notions of Fairness and the Pareto Principle
The Conflict between Notions of Fairness and the Pareto Principle Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell, Harvard Law School Most legal academics and policy makers believe that notions of fairness should be accorded
More informationWHAT IS ECONOMICS. MODULE - 1 Understanding Economics OBJECTIVES 1.1 MEANING OF ECONOMICS. Notes
1 WHAT IS Economics as a subject has assumed great importance in the field of social science. In our day to day life we use a lot of economic concepts such as goods, market, demand, supply, price, inflation,
More informationLecture Notes: Capital Punishment
Philosophy 104, Ethics, Queens College Russell Marcus, Instructor email: philosophy@thatmarcusfamily.org website: http://philosophy.thatmarcusfamily.org Office phone: (718) 997-5287 Lecture Notes: Capital
More informationFACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child
FACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 1 (Definition of the child): The Convention defines a 'child' as a person below the age of 18, unless the laws
More informationIntroduction to Modern Political Theory
Introduction to Modern Political Theory Government 1615 Professor: Jason Frank Spring 2014 307 White Hall MWF 11:15-12:05 5-6759 / jf273@cornell.edu GSH 64 Office Hours: W 2-4 Kevin Duong Will Pennington
More information2. Argument Structure & Standardization
2. Argument Structure & Standardization 1 Some Review So, we have been looking at arguments: What is and is not an argument. The main parts of an argument. How to identify one when you see it. In the exercises
More informationA relevant business ethics curriculum
A relevant business ethics curriculum Robert Shaw Graduate School of Business Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Victoria Business School Orauariki, New Zealand 29 July 2013 2 The internationalization
More informationEthics and the Criminal Justice Professional
Ethics and the Criminal Justice Professional Chapter 6 Policy Making in Criminal Justice Policies: guidelines for action that dictate the priority of goals or efforts Can be formal or informal Formal policy
More informationDual-Credit English IV Summer Reading Assignments 2016 New Albany High School Mrs. King mmking@newalbany.k12.ms.us
Dual-Credit English IV Summer Reading Assignments 2016 New Albany High School Mrs. King mmking@newalbany.k12.ms.us TEXTS: Lord of the Flies by William Golding https://d2ct263enury6r.cloudfront.net/x2bph13xnjn4zjspwqzb5lmu7bgp5cugapgfqqvxvlt2m1aw.p
More informationThe Problem of Global Justice
THOMAS NAGEL The Problem of Global Justice I We do not live in a just world. This may be the least controversial claim one could make in political theory. But it is much less clear what, if anything, justice
More informationPOLITICAL SCIENCE. Department of Law and Politics. BACHELOR OF ARTS (General) POLITICAL SCIENCE. Please refer to the general regulations
FACULTY PROFESSOR(S) R. M. Myers, B.A. (Hons), M. A., Ph.D. (Toronto) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR(S) D. A. Jackson, B.A. (Hons), M.A. (Toronto) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR(S) N. Cruickshank, B.A. (Hons), M.A. (Wilfrid
More informationProgram Level Learning Outcomes for the Department of Philosophy Page 1
Page 1 PHILOSOPHY General Major I. Depth and Breadth of Knowledge. A. Will be able to recall what a worldview is and recognize that we all possess one. B. Should recognize that philosophy is most broadly
More informationLocke and Rousseau: Government Operations in Civil Society Matthew Walsh, Memorial University
60 Locke and Rousseau: Government Operations in Civil Society Matthew Walsh, Memorial University ABSTRACT During the 19 th century, and particularly the early years following the French Revolution, many
More informationThe GED Ready Practice Test Social Studies Extended Response Prompts and Source Texts
2014 GED Test Resources The GED Ready Practice Test Social Studies Extended Response Prompts and Source Texts The enclosed source texts are drawn directly from the Extended Response (ER) tasks on the GED
More informationPolicy Submission. Submission on the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering) Bill 2008
Policy Submission Submission on the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering) Bill 2008 April 2008 Submission on Criminal Justice (Money Laundering) Bill 2008 Introduction April, 2008 The Combat Poverty Agency
More informationUnderstanding Social Assistance Eligibility Testing in Ontario
Understanding Social Assistance Eligibility Testing in Ontario Eligibility testing in social assistance is widely misunderstood. Needs testing and means testing are terms that are often used interchangeably
More informationVALUES AND ETHICS IN UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE. Ilkka Niiniluoto University of Helsinki Paris, September 12, 2006
VALUES AND ETHICS IN UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE Ilkka Niiniluoto University of Helsinki Paris, September 12, 2006 UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE LEADERSHIP setting up goals promoting values MANAGEMENT finding tools
More informationPRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
RIR6007/RIO7009, 2. Nov. 2010 PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 Sovereignty Equality Consent Duty of States to co-operate Non-intervention Settlement of international disputes by peaceful means Prohibition
More informationBishop s University School of Education. EDU 102: Philosophy of Education. Fall 2011
Bishop s University School of Education EDU 102: Philosophy of Education Fall 2011 Professor: Anthony Di Mascio Office: N303 Office Hours: MW 13:00 14:30 and by appointment Email: anthony.dimascio@ubishops.ca
More informationPolitical and Naturalistic Conceptions of Human Rights: A False Polemic? (Forthcoming in the Journal of Moral Philosophy)
Political and Naturalistic Conceptions of Human Rights: A False Polemic? (Forthcoming in the Journal of Moral Philosophy) S. Matthew Liao New York University matthew.liao@nyu.edu Adam Etinson McGill University
More informationChristine M. Korsgaard. calls goodness as rationality. Officially, the theory is first presented to reinforce
The Unity of the Right and the Good in John Rawls s Thought This symposium is on the Legacy of John Rawls, but, in a way, my own contribution concerns the legacy that Rawls did not have. Part Three of
More informationIN RE MARRIAGE CASES (California): 2008
IN RE MARRIAGE CASES (California): 2008 These cases present the issue of the legality of gay marriage bans, in the context of previous State domestic partnership (CA) or civil union (CT) Statutes, under
More informationPosition Paper: IBIS and Rights Based Approaches Approved by the Board of IBIS 18.12.07
Position Paper: IBIS and Rights Based Approaches Approved by the Board of IBIS 18.12.07 1. Introduction Through Vision 2012, IBIS works to promote human rights and a Rights Based Approach to development.
More informationETHICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC RELATIONS
ETHICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC RELATIONS Ethical baselines for justifying persuasion The following models are most often used to justify persuasive communication. 1 Enlightened self-interest Under this model,
More informationChild-Friendly Text UN Disability Convention DRAFT 13 September 2007. UNICEF The Victor Pineda Foundation
Child-Friendly Text UN Disability Convention DRAFT 13 September 2007 UNICEF The Victor Pineda Foundation 1 Contents Getting started About this document About the Convention What are your rights? How your
More informationBridget Rankin Principal Pharmacist, Medicines Information Guy s & St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust April 2015
Bridget Rankin Principal Pharmacist, Medicines Information Guy s & St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust April 2015 Aim of the Session Identify legal and ethical problems that may be encountered when providing
More informationFive Roles of Political Parties
It s a Party but not the kind with ice cream and cake (usually). Political parties are groups of people who share similar beliefs about how the government should be run and how the issues facing our country
More informationCHAPTER 1 Understanding Ethics
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Ethics Chapter Summary This chapter begins by defining ethics and how people decipher between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. It explores how people live their lives according
More information